Osceola Air Force Station

Osceola Air Force Station (ADC ID: P-35, NORAD ID: Z-35) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 5.6 miles (9.0 km) south-southeast of Osceola, Wisconsin. It was closed in 1975.

Osceola Air Force Station
Part of Air Defense Command (ADC)
22 May 2000
Osceola AFS Location of Osceola AFS, Wisconsin
Coordinates	45°15′05″N 092°38′34″W / 45.25139°N 92.64278°W / 45.25139; -92.64278 (Osceola AFS P-35)
Type	Air Force Station
Site information
Controlled by	United States Air Force
Site history
Built	1951
In use	1951–1975
Garrison information
Garrison	674th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

674th Radar Squadronemblem^{[note 1]}

History

In late 1950 Air Defense Command selected the East Farmington, Wisconsin site as one of twenty-eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network. Prompted by the start of the Korean War, on July 11, 1950, the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network. Receiving the Defense Secretary's approval on July 21, the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction.

Construction of the station began in 1950 and was opened in June 1951. The 674th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned and began operating a pair of AN/CPS-6B radars from the site. 261 enlisted and 33 officers were assigned, and initially the station functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. East Farmington was re-designated as Osceola Air Force Station on 1 December 1953. The radars were retired at the end of the decade as an AN/FPS-7 search radar and two AN/FPS-6A height-finder radars were installed during 1959.

During 1959 Osceola AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-10 at Duluth AFS, Minnesota. After joining, the squadron was re-designated as the 674th Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 15 July 1959, its direction and control duties taken over by DC-10. The radar squadron provided information 24/7 to Duluth where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile. On 31 July 1963, Osceola was re-designated as NORAD ID Z-35. In addition, the two height-finder radars were modified to AN/FPS-90 sets in 1963. One of the AN/FPS-90 was retired a few years later.

In addition to the main facility, Osceola operated the following AN/FPS-18 Gap Filler sites:

• Northfield, MN (P-35B) 44°25′14″N 093°11′05″W / 44.42056°N 93.18472°W / 44.42056; -93.18472 (P-35B)
• Jim Falls, WI (P-35C) 45°02′12″N 091°20′54″W / 45.03667°N 91.34833°W / 45.03667; -91.34833 (P-35C)
• La Crescent, MN (P-35F) 43°51′35″N 091°18′59″W / 43.85972°N 91.31639°W / 43.85972; -91.31639 (P-35F)

Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars.

In November 1974 the Air Force announced that Osceola would be closing due to what was called "redundancies with more strategically located radars". The 674th Radar Squadron (SAGE) was inactivated in March 1975 as part of a draw-down of ADC, and was closed on 30 April.

Today, Osceola Air Force Station is used as an Association Retreat Center. Most of the buildings are in use and well-maintained. The former radar towers are still standing.

Air Force units and assignments

Units

674th Radar Squadron

• Constituted as the 674th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

Activated on 8 October 1950

Redesignated 674th Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 15 July 1959

Redesignated 674th Radar Squadron on 1 February 1974

Inactivated 31 March 1975^[1]

Assignments

• 543d Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 18 October 1950
• 37th Air Division, 1 January 1959
• 30th Air Division, 1 April 1959
• Duluth Air Defense Sector, 1 July 1959
• 29th Air Division, 1 April 1966
• 34th Air Division, 15 September 1969
• 29th Air Division, 14 November 1969
• 23d Air Division, 19 November 1969 – 31 March 1975^[1]

See also

• United States general surveillance radar stations

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. Approved 24 August 1953.

Citations

1. Cornett & Johnson, p. 159

Bibliography

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W. (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946 - 1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
• Winkler, David F.; Webster, Julie L (1997). Searching the skies: The legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program (PDF). Champaign, IL: US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories. LCCN 97020912. (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013.* Information for Osceola AFS, WI

Further reading

• Grant, C. L. "The Development of Continental Air Defense to 1 September 1954, USAF Historical Study No. 126" (PDF). Research Studies Institute, USAF Historical Division, Air University. Retrieved 26 June 2017.