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Orsanmichele

April 29, 2023

Orsanmichele (pronounced [orsammiˈkɛːle]; "Kitchen Garden of St. Michael", from the Tuscan contraction of the Italian word orto) is a church in the Italian city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele which no longer exists.

Orsanmichele
Entrance of Orsanmichele

Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, the church was originally built as a grain market[1] in 1337 by Francesco Talenti, Neri di Fioravante, and Benci di Cione. Between 1380 and 1404, it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence's powerful craft and trade guilds. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege.[1] Late in the 14th century, the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church.[1] The sculptures seen today are copies, the originals having been removed to museums (see below).

Interior

Inside the church is Andrea Orcagna's bejeweled Gothic Tabernacle (1355–59) encasing a repainting by Bernardo Daddi's of an older icon of the "Madonna and Child".[2]

Exterior

The facades held 14 architecturally designed external niches, which were filled from 1399 to around 1430. The three richest guilds opted to make their figures in the far more costly bronze, which cost approximately ten times the amount of the stone figures.

Niche Statue Sculptor Guild Year Notes
  Madonna of the Rose Pietro di Giovanni Tedesco Medici e Speziali
(doctors and apothecaries) 		1399
  Quattro Santi Coronati
(Four Crowned Martyrs or Four Saints) 		Nanni di Banco Maestri di Pietra e Legname
(wood and stone workers) 		1408 [3][4]
  St. Mark Donatello Arte dei Linaiuoli e Rigattieri
(linen-weavers and peddlers) 		1411 [5][6]
  St. Philip Nanni di Banco Arte dei Calzaiuoli
(shoemakers) 		1412-14 [7][8]
  Christ and St. Thomas Andrea del Verrocchio Tribunale di Mercanzia
(merchants) 		1467-83 Replaced St. Louis of Toulouse by Donatello (1413)[9][10][11]
  St. Eligius Nanni di Banco Arte dei Maniscalchi
(farriers) 		1411-15
  St. James Niccolò di Piero Lamberti Arte dei Pellicciai
(furriers) 		1415 Attribution and year are uncertain
  St. Peter Filippo Brunelleschi Arte dei Beccai
(butchers) 		1415
  St. John the Baptist Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte di Calimala
(The Guild of Merchants of Calimala) 		1414-16 [12]
  St. George Donatello Arte dei Corazzai
(armourers) 		1416 [13][14]
  St. Matthew Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte del Cambio
(bankers) 		1419-20 [15][16]
  St. Stephen Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte della Lana
(wool manufacturers) 		1428 [17]
  St. John the Evangelist Baccio da Montelupo Arte della Seta
(silk merchants) 		1513-1515
  St. Luke Giambologna Giudici e Notai
(magistrates and notaries) 		1601 [18]

Modern assessment

 
Interior of Orsanmichele

Orsanmichele's statuary is a relic of the fierce devotion and pride of Florentine trades, and a reminder that great art often arises out of a competitive climate. Each trade hoped to outdo the other in commissioning original, groundbreaking sculptures for public display on Florence's most important street, and the artists hired and materials used (especially bronze) indicate the importance that was placed on this site.

Today, all of the original sculptures have been removed and replaced with modern duplicates to protect them from the elements and vandalism.[19] The originals mainly reside in the museum of Orsanmichele, which occupies the upper floor of the church, and can be seen on every Monday, the only day when the museum is open. Two works by Donatello are in other Florentine museums: St. George and its niche are in the Bargello, and St. Louis of Toulouse is in the museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.

References

  1. ^ a b c Zucconi, Guido (1995). Florence: An Architectural Guide. San Giovanni Lupatoto, Vr, Italy: Arsenale Editrice srl. ISBN 88-7743-147-4.
  2. ^ . The National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  3. ^ . The National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  4. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "Four Crowned Saints (or Four Crowned Martyrs) and relief at base of tabernacle, Orsanmichele". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  5. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "St. Mark, Orsanmichele". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.[dead link]
  6. ^ Kren, Emil; Marx, Daniel (June 22, 2006). "St Mark". Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  7. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "St. Philip, Orsanmichele". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  8. ^ "St. Philip" (JPG). Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  9. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "Christ and St. Thomas (or Doubting of Thomas), Orsanmichele". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  10. ^ . The National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  11. ^ Kren, Emil; Marx, Daniel (June 22, 2006). "St Louis". Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  12. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "St. John the Baptist". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  13. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "St. George (bronze copy of the original marble) and relief at the base of the tabernacle, Orsanmichele". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  14. ^ Kren, Emil; Marx, Daniel (June 22, 2006). "St George". Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  15. ^ "St. Matthew" (JPG). Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  16. ^ . The National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  17. ^ "St. Stephen" (JPG). Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  18. ^ Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "St. Luke". Orsanmichele. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  19. ^ "Orsanmichele". Foundation For Italian Art and Culture. November 9, 2005. Retrieved July 14, 2006.

Bibliography

External video
 
  Orsanmichele, Smarthistory"Orsanmichele". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  • Campbell. 2011. Italian Renaissance art. Farnborough: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orsanmichele.
  • Sullivan, Mary Ann (July 10, 2005). "Orsanmichele". Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  • "Orsanmichele". Florence Art Guide. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
  • . The National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on July 13, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2006.

Coordinates: 43°46′14.73″N 11°15′18.61″E / 43.7707583°N 11.2551694°E / 43.7707583; 11.2551694

  • The Orsanmichele Museum
  • khan academy video

April 29, 2023
orsanmichele, pronounced, orsammiˈkɛːle, kitchen, garden, michael, from, tuscan, contraction, italian, word, orto, church, italian, city, florence, building, constructed, site, kitchen, garden, monastery, michele, which, longer, exists, entrance, located, calz. Orsanmichele pronounced orsammiˈkɛːle Kitchen Garden of St Michael from the Tuscan contraction of the Italian word orto is a church in the Italian city of Florence The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele which no longer exists Orsanmichele Entrance of Orsanmichele Located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence the church was originally built as a grain market 1 in 1337 by Francesco Talenti Neri di Fioravante and Benci di Cione Between 1380 and 1404 it was converted into a church used as the chapel of Florence s powerful craft and trade guilds On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market The second floor was devoted to offices while the third housed one of the city s municipal grain storehouses maintained to withstand famine or siege 1 Late in the 14th century the guilds were charged by the city to commission statues of their patron saints to embellish the facades of the church 1 The sculptures seen today are copies the originals having been removed to museums see below Contents 1 Interior 2 Exterior 3 Modern assessment 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 5 External linksInterior EditInside the church is Andrea Orcagna s bejeweled Gothic Tabernacle 1355 59 encasing a repainting by Bernardo Daddi s of an older icon of the Madonna and Child 2 Exterior EditThe facades held 14 architecturally designed external niches which were filled from 1399 to around 1430 The three richest guilds opted to make their figures in the far more costly bronze which cost approximately ten times the amount of the stone figures Niche Statue Sculptor Guild Year Notes Madonna of the Rose Pietro di Giovanni Tedesco Medici e Speziali doctors and apothecaries 1399 Quattro Santi Coronati Four Crowned Martyrs or Four Saints Nanni di Banco Maestri di Pietra e Legname wood and stone workers 1408 3 4 St Mark Donatello Arte dei Linaiuoli e Rigattieri linen weavers and peddlers 1411 5 6 St Philip Nanni di Banco Arte dei Calzaiuoli shoemakers 1412 14 7 8 Christ and St Thomas Andrea del Verrocchio Tribunale di Mercanzia merchants 1467 83 Replaced St Louis of Toulouse by Donatello 1413 9 10 11 St Eligius Nanni di Banco Arte dei Maniscalchi farriers 1411 15 St James Niccolo di Piero Lamberti Arte dei Pellicciai furriers 1415 Attribution and year are uncertain St Peter Filippo Brunelleschi Arte dei Beccai butchers 1415 St John the Baptist Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte di Calimala The Guild of Merchants of Calimala 1414 16 12 St George Donatello Arte dei Corazzai armourers 1416 13 14 St Matthew Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte del Cambio bankers 1419 20 15 16 St Stephen Lorenzo Ghiberti Arte della Lana wool manufacturers 1428 17 St John the Evangelist Baccio da Montelupo Arte della Seta silk merchants 1513 1515 St Luke Giambologna Giudici e Notai magistrates and notaries 1601 18 Modern assessment Edit Interior of Orsanmichele Orsanmichele s statuary is a relic of the fierce devotion and pride of Florentine trades and a reminder that great art often arises out of a competitive climate Each trade hoped to outdo the other in commissioning original groundbreaking sculptures for public display on Florence s most important street and the artists hired and materials used especially bronze indicate the importance that was placed on this site Today all of the original sculptures have been removed and replaced with modern duplicates to protect them from the elements and vandalism 19 The originals mainly reside in the museum of Orsanmichele which occupies the upper floor of the church and can be seen on every Monday the only day when the museum is open Two works by Donatello are in other Florentine museums St George and its niche are in the Bargello and St Louis of Toulouse is in the museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce References Edit a b c Zucconi Guido 1995 Florence An Architectural Guide San Giovanni Lupatoto Vr Italy Arsenale Editrice srl ISBN 88 7743 147 4 The Orsanmichele Market in Time of Famine The National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on August 21 2006 Retrieved July 14 2006 Nanni Di Banco The National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on August 21 2006 Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 Four Crowned Saints or Four Crowned Martyrs and relief at base of tabernacle Orsanmichele Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 St Mark Orsanmichele Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 dead link Kren Emil Marx Daniel June 22 2006 St Mark Web Gallery of Art Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 St Philip Orsanmichele Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 St Philip JPG Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 Christ and St Thomas or Doubting of Thomas Orsanmichele Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Verrocchio The National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on August 21 2006 Retrieved July 14 2006 Kren Emil Marx Daniel June 22 2006 St Louis Web Gallery of Art Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 St John the Baptist Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 St George bronze copy of the original marble and relief at the base of the tabernacle Orsanmichele Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Kren Emil Marx Daniel June 22 2006 St George Web Gallery of Art Retrieved July 14 2006 St Matthew JPG Retrieved July 14 2006 Ghiberti The National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on August 21 2006 Retrieved July 14 2006 St Stephen JPG Retrieved July 14 2006 Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 St Luke Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Orsanmichele Foundation For Italian Art and Culture November 9 2005 Retrieved July 14 2006 Bibliography Edit External video Orsanmichele Smarthistory Orsanmichele Smarthistory at Khan Academy Retrieved May 9 2013 Campbell 2011 Italian Renaissance art Farnborough Thames amp Hudson Ltd External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orsanmichele Sullivan Mary Ann July 10 2005 Orsanmichele Digital Imaging Project Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post modern Retrieved July 14 2006 Orsanmichele Florence Art Guide Retrieved July 14 2006 Monumental Sculpture from Renaissance Florence The National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on July 13 2006 Retrieved July 14 2006 Coordinates 43 46 14 73 N 11 15 18 61 E 43 7707583 N 11 2551694 E 43 7707583 11 2551694 The Orsanmichele Museum National Gallery of Art exhibition Orsanmichele khan academy video Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orsanmichele amp oldid 1127588529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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