By June 2012 this escalated to some of the first Turkish casualties of the conflict when one of its airplanes was shot down, and the Turkish government, as a member of NATO, invoked Article 4. This escalated further, and by October of the same year Syrian forces began shelling Turkish cities.[25][26][27] Turkish officials considered activating Article 5 over these attacks, but instead attempted to de-escalate the situation, instead calling for another Article 4 convention,[28] and asked the alliance for help to protect its airspace from possible missile attacks from Syria (which quickly evolved into protection from possible chemical attacks as well), to avoid a possible wider war. This mission request and scope followed previous precedence with Operation Display Deterrence, and was accepted. Patriot missile batteries were deployed from NATO allies to Turkey.[29]
In the beginning of 2015, Dutch and German forces were planning to leave the region and be replaced by Italian and Spanish forces as it looked like the operation would wind down.[30] However, despite earlier assurances by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov,[31] by the end of 2015,[10]Russia began backing Syrian forces; and together with the occurrence of the 2015 Suruç bombing, which it attributed to ISIS as part of the wider Turkish-ISIS conflict, Turkey re-invoked Article 4.[11][32][33][34] In response, an emergency meeting was called, and NATO extended the operation.[35]
Up until at least 2018, Patriot missiles were deployed solely to protect Turkish territory against any possible missile attacks from Syria. They were not used to support any no-fly zone, and were not used for any offensive action. There were several identified launches of rockets from within Syrian territory, but none of the missiles were aimed at Turkey or entered Turkish airspace to date, and the 173rd Airborne Brigade paratroopers secured NATO missile-defense sites [36]
In 2019, again NATO members looked to wind down operations, as Italian SAMP/T batteries left the region, and Spain discussed removing Patriot batteries from Incirlik.[2] However, by 2020, the situation again suddenly deteriorated further, involving Syrian and suspected Russian airstrikes on Turkish troops[37][38] in Syria[39] during the Northwestern Syrian Offensive already after a Russo-Turkish ceasefire failed to materialize. The Turkish government retaliated with Operation Spring Shield, threatening a direct war between Turkey and Russia.[40] This rapid turn of events led to another Article 4 meeting and further NATO support and expansion of the operation.[41] Due to this, a direct meeting was held between Erdogan and Putin, a no-fly zone was established in the Idlib province, and Russian and Turkish forces entered into joint patrols,[42] as part of an agreement to help de-escalate the situation.[43]
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) NATO fact sheet on contributing nations as of 6 April 2011
^ ab"Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meetings of NATO Defence Ministers". 2019-10-25.
^ abLouisa Loveluck, and Roland Oliphant, "Russia transporting militia groups fighting Islamic State to frontlines in Syria" 23 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Telegraph 17 Nov 2015
^ abtelegraph.co.uk: "Turkey calls for emergency Nato meeting to discussIsil and PKK", 26 July 2015
^"North Atlantic Council statement on developments on the Turkish-Syrian border".
^"Akçakale'ye top mermisi düştü: 5 ölü, 10 yaralı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 4 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
^James Reynold. "Anger and grief in Turkish border town of Akcakale".
^todayszaman.com: "NATO wary of Syria intervention, but ready to defend Turkey" 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 8 October 2012
^"NATO Foreign Ministers' statement on Patriot deployment to Turkey". 2012-12-05. Retrieved 27 February 2022. As the North Atlantic Council made clear on June 26 and October 3, we stand with Turkey in the spirit of strong solidarity. We, the NATO foreign ministers, declare our determination to deter threats to and defend Turkey. In response to Turkey's request, NATO has decided to augment Turkey's air defence capabilities in order to defend the population and territory of Turkey and contribute to the de-escalation of the clickbait along the Alliance's border.
^"Erdogan and Italy to Continue NATO Mission in Turkey".
^Ford, Dana (2015-07-27). "Turkey calls for rare NATO talks after attacks along Syrian border". CNN. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
^nytimes.com: "Turkey and U.S. Plan to Create Syria ‘Safe Zone’ Free of ISIS", 27 July 2015
^"Statement by the North Atlantic Council following meeting under Article 4 of the Washington Treaty". 28 July 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^"Statement by NATO Foreign Ministers on Assurance to Turkey". 2015-12-01. Retrieved 2022-02-27. On the basis of our December 2012 decision, the Alliance has been augmenting Turkey's air defence. We remain determined, in a spirit of 28 for 28, to continue developing additional NATO assurance measures and Allies are working to prepare other possible contributions.
^"Russia denies involvement in airstrikes on Turkish troops in Idlib". Daily Sabah. 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
^"Greece 'vetoes NATO statement' on support for Turkey amid Syria escalation". 2020-02-29. Retrieved 2022-03-01. The Russian military later explained that the Syrian army targeted Hayat Tahrir al-Sham terrorists operating in the province, adding that Syrian government forces were not informed about the Turkish presence in the area.
^"Turkey's Troubles in Idlib: Does Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Hold the Answer?". 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
^"Turkey launches Operation Spring Shield". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2020-03-05. Turkey has no intention or desire to face Russia in Syria, he reiterated, calling Moscow to use its influence on Syria to stop its attacks against Turkish troops and civilians in the enclave as well as to withdraw to the borders set by the Sochi deal. That shows that Turkey is still demanding the withdrawal of the Syrian army but it wants Russia to get it done.
^"Statement by the Secretary General after Article 4 consultations". 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
^"Turkey-Russia patrols start amid protests on Syrian highway". Associated Press. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
^Marcus, Jonathan (2020-03-05). "How Russia's Putin became the go-to man on Syria". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
January 01, 1970
operation, active, fence, ongoing, nato, operation, protect, turkish, southern, border, region, with, syria, part, ongoing, syrian, civil, part, syrian, civil, warnato, nato, patriot, missile, batteriesdate4, december, 2012, present, years, months, weeks, loca. Operation Active Fence is an ongoing NATO operation to protect the Turkish southern border region with Syria as part of the ongoing Syrian Civil War Operation Active FencePart of Syrian Civil WarNATO Operation Active Fence U S and NATO Patriot missile batteriesDate4 December 2012 Present 11 years 4 months and 2 weeks Locationsoutheastern Turkish border region with SyriaResultOngoing NATO operation To protect southern Turkey from possible missile and chemical attacks from SyriaBelligerents NATO led coalition 1 2 Czech Republic 3 September 2014 January 2015 Germany 4 Until January 2016 Italy 5 since 2016 Netherlands 6 until October 2015 Spain 7 since January 2015 Turkey United States 8 9 until January 2016 Syria Russia 10 Since 2015 Iran citation needed ISIS 11 Commanders and leaders Operational Commander 1st Lt Michaela Curikova 12 Col Niels Vredegoor 13 Lt Gen Massimo SCALA 14 Col Michael KloepperUnknownStrength2 Patriot Batteries 15 400 soldiers 1 SAMP T Battery 16 4th Anti aircraft Artillery Regiment Peschiera 130 soldiers 17 2 Patriot Batteries 18 1751 soldiers 19 1 Patriot Battery 20 130 soldiers 2 Patriot Batteries 21 52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment 22 173rd Airborne Brigade 23 Scud Missile Batteries 24 Casualties and lossesNoneNone Contents 1 Background and Initial Operation 2 Russian Entry into Syria and Suruc bombing 3 Balyun Airstrikes 4 See also 5 ReferencesBackground and Initial Operation editMain article Syrian Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war nbsp NATO insignia for operation Active Fence The Arab Spring was a wave of uprisings and protests in North Africa and the Middle East The first disturbances were in December 2010 in Tunisia However in March 2011 when the Arab Spring reached Syria the Syrian Civil war broke out By December of 2011 this led to some of the first hostilities between Syrian government and rebel forces along the Turkish border and the start of a series of long protracted border clashes with Syria since then By June 2012 this escalated to some of the first Turkish casualties of the conflict when one of its airplanes was shot down and the Turkish government as a member of NATO invoked Article 4 This escalated further and by October of the same year Syrian forces began shelling Turkish cities 25 26 27 Turkish officials considered activating Article 5 over these attacks but instead attempted to de escalate the situation instead calling for another Article 4 convention 28 and asked the alliance for help to protect its airspace from possible missile attacks from Syria which quickly evolved into protection from possible chemical attacks as well to avoid a possible wider war This mission request and scope followed previous precedence with Operation Display Deterrence and was accepted Patriot missile batteries were deployed from NATO allies to Turkey 29 nbsp Turkey orange and Syria green Russian Entry into Syria and Suruc bombing editMain article 2015 Suruc bombing See also Islamic State related terrorist attacks in Turkey In the beginning of 2015 Dutch and German forces were planning to leave the region and be replaced by Italian and Spanish forces as it looked like the operation would wind down 30 However despite earlier assurances by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov 31 by the end of 2015 10 Russia began backing Syrian forces and together with the occurrence of the 2015 Suruc bombing which it attributed to ISIS as part of the wider Turkish ISIS conflict Turkey re invoked Article 4 11 32 33 34 In response an emergency meeting was called and NATO extended the operation 35 Up until at least 2018 Patriot missiles were deployed solely to protect Turkish territory against any possible missile attacks from Syria They were not used to support any no fly zone and were not used for any offensive action There were several identified launches of rockets from within Syrian territory but none of the missiles were aimed at Turkey or entered Turkish airspace to date and the 173rd Airborne Brigade paratroopers secured NATO missile defense sites 36 Balyun Airstrikes editMain article 2020 Balyun airstrikes In 2019 again NATO members looked to wind down operations as Italian SAMP T batteries left the region and Spain discussed removing Patriot batteries from Incirlik 2 However by 2020 the situation again suddenly deteriorated further involving Syrian and suspected Russian airstrikes on Turkish troops 37 38 in Syria 39 during the Northwestern Syrian Offensive already after a Russo Turkish ceasefire failed to materialize The Turkish government retaliated with Operation Spring Shield threatening a direct war between Turkey and Russia 40 This rapid turn of events led to another Article 4 meeting and further NATO support and expansion of the operation 41 Due to this a direct meeting was held between Erdogan and Putin a no fly zone was established in the Idlib province and Russian and Turkish forces entered into joint patrols 42 as part of an agreement to help de escalate the situation 43 See also edit2012 Turkish F 4 Phantom shootdown 2015 NATO emergency meeting 2015 Suruc bombing 2019 Turkish offensive into north eastern Syria 2020 Balyun airstrikes Ghouta chemical attack Islamic State related terrorist attacks in Turkey Northwestern Syria offensive December 2019 March 2020 Operation Display Deterrence Operation Olive Branch Operation Euphrates Shield Syrian Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil warReferences edit Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 5 October 2011 Retrieved 5 June 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link NATO fact sheet on contributing nations as of 6 April 2011 a b Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meetings of NATO Defence Ministers 2019 10 25 https www army cz scripts detail php id 101684 https www bundesregierung de breg en service archive archive continued support for turkey 437378 https www difesa it EN Operations InternationalOperations NATO Support to Turkey Pagine default aspx https english defensie nl topics historical missions mission overview 2013 patriot mission in turkey https ejercito defensa gob es en misiones asia turquia 92 Active Fence VII html http www freedomanatomy com en missioni anatolian protector active fence https www defensenews com home 2015 12 28 spain to stay with patriots in turkey italy could deploy samp t missiles a b Louisa Loveluck and Roland Oliphant Russia transporting militia groups fighting Islamic State to frontlines in Syria Archived 23 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine Telegraph 17 Nov 2015 a b telegraph co uk Turkey calls for emergency Nato meeting to discussIsil and PKK 26 July 2015 https www army cz scripts detail php id 101684 https www incirlik af mil News Article Display Article 725332 mission complete netherlands finish air defense role in turkey https www linkedin com pulse occar board managers visited 4th air defence artillery regiment trk organization guest main feed card feed article content https www bundesregierung de breg en service archive archive continued support for turkey 437378 https www difesa it EN Operations InternationalOperations NATO Support to Turkey Pagine default aspx https www difesa it EN Operations InternationalOperations NATO Support to Turkey Pagine default aspx https english defensie nl topics historical missions mission overview 2013 patriot mission in turkey https english defensie nl topics historical missions mission overview 2013 patriot mission in turkey Ministry of Defense Netherlands Retrieved Nov 25 2018 https ejercito defensa gob es en misiones asia turquia 92 Active Fence VII html http www freedomanatomy com en missioni anatolian protector active fence https www dvidshub net news 168246 air defenders stand ready https www army mil article 144819 173rd airborne brigade paratroopers secure nato missile defense sites http www freedomanatomy com en missioni anatolian protector active fence North Atlantic Council statement on developments on the Turkish Syrian border Akcakale ye top mermisi dustu 5 olu 10 yarali Hurriyet in Turkish 4 October 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2012 James Reynold Anger and grief in Turkish border town of Akcakale todayszaman com NATO wary of Syria intervention but ready to defend Turkey Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine 8 October 2012 NATO Foreign Ministers statement on Patriot deployment to Turkey 2012 12 05 Retrieved 27 February 2022 As the North Atlantic Council made clear on June 26 and October 3 we stand with Turkey in the spirit of strong solidarity We the NATO foreign ministers declare our determination to deter threats to and defend Turkey In response to Turkey s request NATO has decided to augment Turkey s air defence capabilities in order to defend the population and territory of Turkey and contribute to the de escalation of the clickbait along the Alliance s border Erdogan and Italy to Continue NATO Mission in Turkey NATO beschloss Patriot Raketen fur die Turkei Ford Dana 2015 07 27 Turkey calls for rare NATO talks after attacks along Syrian border CNN Retrieved 2015 07 27 nytimes com Turkey and U S Plan to Create Syria Safe Zone Free of ISIS 27 July 2015 Statement by the North Atlantic Council following meeting under Article 4 of the Washington Treaty 28 July 2015 Retrieved 27 February 2022 Statement by NATO Foreign Ministers on Assurance to Turkey 2015 12 01 Retrieved 2022 02 27 On the basis of our December 2012 decision the Alliance has been augmenting Turkey s air defence We remain determined in a spirit of 28 for 28 to continue developing additional NATO assurance measures and Allies are working to prepare other possible contributions 173rd Airborne Brigade paratroopers secure NATO missile defense sites www army mil Retrieved 2019 01 14 Russia denies involvement in airstrikes on Turkish troops in Idlib Daily Sabah 2020 02 28 Retrieved 2022 03 01 Greece vetoes NATO statement on support for Turkey amid Syria escalation 2020 02 29 Retrieved 2022 03 01 The Russian military later explained that the Syrian army targeted Hayat Tahrir al Sham terrorists operating in the province adding that Syrian government forces were not informed about the Turkish presence in the area Turkey s Troubles in Idlib Does Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Hold the Answer 2020 03 20 Retrieved 2022 03 01 Turkey launches Operation Spring Shield Hurriyet Daily News Retrieved 2020 03 05 Turkey has no intention or desire to face Russia in Syria he reiterated calling Moscow to use its influence on Syria to stop its attacks against Turkish troops and civilians in the enclave as well as to withdraw to the borders set by the Sochi deal That shows that Turkey is still demanding the withdrawal of the Syrian army but it wants Russia to get it done Statement by the Secretary General after Article 4 consultations 2020 02 28 Retrieved 2022 02 27 Turkey Russia patrols start amid protests on Syrian highway Associated Press 15 March 2020 Retrieved 2 April 2020 Marcus Jonathan 2020 03 05 How Russia s Putin became the go to man on Syria BBC News Retrieved 2020 03 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Operation Active Fence amp oldid 1215330955, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
