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Online deliberation

February 13, 2024

Online deliberation is a broad term used to describe many forms of non-institutional, institutional and experimental online discussions.[1] The term also describes the emerging field of practice and research related to the design, implementation and study of deliberative processes that rely on the use of electronic information and communications technologies (ICT).

Although the Internet and social media have fostered discursive participation and deliberation online through computer-mediated communication,[2] the academic study of online deliberation started in the early 2000s.[3]

Effective support for online deliberation edit

A range of studies have suggested that group size, volume of communication, interactivity between participants, message characteristics, and social media characteristics can impact online deliberation.[4][2] and that democratic deliberation varies across platforms. For example, news forums have been shown to have the highest degree of deliberation followed by news websites, and then Facebook.[5] Differences in the effectiveness of platforms as supporting deliberation has been attributed based on numerous factors such as moderation, the availability of information, and focusing on a well defined topic.[5]

A limited number of studies have explored the extent to which online deliberation can produce similar results to traditional, face-to-face deliberation. A 2004 deliberative poll comparing face-to-face and online deliberation on U.S. foreign policy found similar results.[6] A similar study in 2012 in France found that, compared to the offline process, online deliberation was more likely to increase women’s participation and to promote the justification of arguments by participants.[7]

Research on online deliberation suggests that there are five key design considerations that will affect the quality of dialogue: asynchronous communication vs synchronous communication, post hoc moderation vs pre-moderation, empowering spaces vs un-empowering spaces, asking discrete questions vs broad questions, and the quality of information.[8] Other scholars have suggested that successful online deliberation follows four central rules: discussions must be inclusive, rational-critical, reciprocal and respectful.[1]

In general, online deliberation require participants to be able to work together comfortably in order to make the best possible deliberations which can often require rules and regulations that help members feel comfortable with one another.[9]

Challenges edit

Researchers have questioned the utility of online deliberation as an extension of the public sphere, arguing the idea that online deliberation is no less beneficial than face-to-face interaction.[2] Computer-mediated discourse is deemed impersonal, and is found to encourage online incivility.[10] Furthermore, users who participate in online discussions about politics are found to make comments only in groups that agree with their own views,[11] indicating the possibility that online deliberation mainly promotes motivated reasoning and reinforces preexisting attitudes.

Related Disciplines edit

Scholarly research into online deliberation is interdisciplinary and includes practices such as online consultation, e-participation, e-government,[12][2] Citizen-to-Citizen (C2C),[12][2] online deliberative polling, crowdsourcing, online facilitation, online research communities, interactive e-learning, civic dialogue in Internet forums and online chat, and group decision making that utilizes collaborative software and other forms of computer-mediated communication. Work in all these endeavors is tied together by the challenge of using electronic media in a way that deepens thinking and improves mutual understanding.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Bächtiger, A., Dryzek, John S., Mansbridge, Jane J., & Warren, Mark. (2018). The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy (First ed., Oxford handbooks online). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ a b c d e Halpern, Daniel; Gibbs, Jennifer (2013-05-01). "Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression". Computers in Human Behavior. 29 (3): 1159–1168. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.008. ISSN 0747-5632.
  3. ^ Davies, Todd & Chandler, Reid (2012). "Chapter 6: Online Deliberation Design". Democracy in Motion. Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-989928-9. Online deliberation is a relatively new field. Although the concept of public deliberation via electronic means was discussed as early as the 1970s,25 and there was some early empirical work on deliberation online in the 1980s and 1990s,26 studies of structured or public online deliberation appear to have begun with work by Stephen Coleman and colleagues,27 Lincoln Dahlberg,28 and Vincent Price29 around a decade ago.
  4. ^ Eveland, William P; Hively, Myiah Hutchens (2009-06-01). "Political Discussion Frequency, Network Size, and "Heterogeneity" of Discussion as Predictors of Political Knowledge and Participation". Journal of Communication. 59 (2): 205–224. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01412.x. ISSN 0021-9916.
  5. ^ a b Esau, Katharina, Friess, Dennis, & Eilders, Christiane. (2017). Design Matters! An Empirical Analysis of Online Deliberation on Different News Platforms. Policy and Internet, 9(3), 321-342.
  6. ^ Considered Opinions on U.S. Foreign Policy: Face-to-Face versus Online Deliberative Polling*, 2004, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.493.3597
  7. ^ Wojcik, Stéphanie; Monnoyer-Smith, Laurence (2012). "Technology and the quality of public deliberation: a comparison between on and offline participation". International Journal of Electronic Governance. 5 (1): 24–49. doi:10.1504/IJEG.2012.047443.
  8. ^ Friess, Dennis, & Eilders, Christiane. (2015). A Systematic Review of Online Deliberation Research. Policy and Internet, 7(3), 319-339.
  9. ^ Noveck, Beth (2009). Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful. Brookings Institution Press.
  10. ^ Kiesler, Sara; Siegel, Jane; McGuire, Timothy W. (1984). "Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication". American Psychologist. 39 (10): 1123–1134. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.10.1123.
  11. ^ Davis, Richard (1999). The web of politics : the internet's impact on the American political system. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195114843. OCLC 38879177.
  12. ^ a b Yildiz, Mete (2007). "E-government research: Reviewing the literature, limitations, and ways forward". Government Information Quarterly. 24 (3): 646–665. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2007.01.002.

External links edit

  • Online deliberation resources
  • - the first conference on online deliberation, Carnegie Mellon University (June 2003)
  • Online Deliberation 2005 / DIAC-2005 - the Second Conference on Online Deliberation: Design, Research, and Practice, Stanford University (May 2005)
  • Tools for Participation: Collaboration, Deliberation, and Decision Support (DIAC-2008/OD2008) - the Third Conference on Online Deliberation, University of California, Berkeley (June 2008)
  • The Fourth International Conference on Online Deliberation - University of Leeds (June 30-July 2, 2010)
  • Online Deliberation: A Review of The Literature, Bang The Table, 7 Aug. 2017.
  • Online Deliberation Online Deliberation | Participedia.
  • Decidim- Free Open-Source participatory democracy software

February 13, 2024
online, deliberation, broad, term, used, describe, many, forms, institutional, institutional, experimental, online, discussions, term, also, describes, emerging, field, practice, research, related, design, implementation, study, deliberative, processes, that, . Online deliberation is a broad term used to describe many forms of non institutional institutional and experimental online discussions 1 The term also describes the emerging field of practice and research related to the design implementation and study of deliberative processes that rely on the use of electronic information and communications technologies ICT Although the Internet and social media have fostered discursive participation and deliberation online through computer mediated communication 2 the academic study of online deliberation started in the early 2000s 3 Contents 1 Effective support for online deliberation 2 Challenges 3 Related Disciplines 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEffective support for online deliberation editA range of studies have suggested that group size volume of communication interactivity between participants message characteristics and social media characteristics can impact online deliberation 4 2 and that democratic deliberation varies across platforms For example news forums have been shown to have the highest degree of deliberation followed by news websites and then Facebook 5 Differences in the effectiveness of platforms as supporting deliberation has been attributed based on numerous factors such as moderation the availability of information and focusing on a well defined topic 5 A limited number of studies have explored the extent to which online deliberation can produce similar results to traditional face to face deliberation A 2004 deliberative poll comparing face to face and online deliberation on U S foreign policy found similar results 6 A similar study in 2012 in France found that compared to the offline process online deliberation was more likely to increase women s participation and to promote the justification of arguments by participants 7 Research on online deliberation suggests that there are five key design considerations that will affect the quality of dialogue asynchronous communication vs synchronous communication post hoc moderation vs pre moderation empowering spaces vs un empowering spaces asking discrete questions vs broad questions and the quality of information 8 Other scholars have suggested that successful online deliberation follows four central rules discussions must be inclusive rational critical reciprocal and respectful 1 In general online deliberation require participants to be able to work together comfortably in order to make the best possible deliberations which can often require rules and regulations that help members feel comfortable with one another 9 Challenges editResearchers have questioned the utility of online deliberation as an extension of the public sphere arguing the idea that online deliberation is no less beneficial than face to face interaction 2 Computer mediated discourse is deemed impersonal and is found to encourage online incivility 10 Furthermore users who participate in online discussions about politics are found to make comments only in groups that agree with their own views 11 indicating the possibility that online deliberation mainly promotes motivated reasoning and reinforces preexisting attitudes Related Disciplines editScholarly research into online deliberation is interdisciplinary and includes practices such as online consultation e participation e government 12 2 Citizen to Citizen C2C 12 2 online deliberative polling crowdsourcing online facilitation online research communities interactive e learning civic dialogue in Internet forums and online chat and group decision making that utilizes collaborative software and other forms of computer mediated communication Work in all these endeavors is tied together by the challenge of using electronic media in a way that deepens thinking and improves mutual understanding See also editArgument map Collaborative software Computer mediated communication Computer supported cooperative work Deliberation Deliberative democracy Deliberative opinion poll E democracy E participation Online consultation Online participation Online research communities Public sphere Social media Web annotation Popular tools Loomio DemocracyOS LiquidFeedbackReferences edit a b Bachtiger A Dryzek John S Mansbridge Jane J amp Warren Mark 2018 The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy First ed Oxford handbooks online Oxford Oxford University Press a b c d e Halpern Daniel Gibbs Jennifer 2013 05 01 Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression Computers in Human Behavior 29 3 1159 1168 doi 10 1016 j chb 2012 10 008 ISSN 0747 5632 Davies Todd amp Chandler Reid 2012 Chapter 6 Online Deliberation Design Democracy in Motion Oxford University Press p 113 ISBN 978 0 19 989928 9 Online deliberation is a relatively new field Although the concept of public deliberation via electronic means was discussed as early as the 1970s 25 and there was some early empirical work on deliberation online in the 1980s and 1990s 26 studies of structured or public online deliberation appear to have begun with work by Stephen Coleman and colleagues 27 Lincoln Dahlberg 28 and Vincent Price29 around a decade ago Eveland William P Hively Myiah Hutchens 2009 06 01 Political Discussion Frequency Network Size and Heterogeneity of Discussion as Predictors of Political Knowledge and Participation Journal of Communication 59 2 205 224 doi 10 1111 j 1460 2466 2009 01412 x ISSN 0021 9916 a b Esau Katharina Friess Dennis amp Eilders Christiane 2017 Design Matters An Empirical Analysis of Online Deliberation on Different News Platforms Policy and Internet 9 3 321 342 Considered Opinions on U S Foreign Policy Face to Face versus Online Deliberative Polling 2004 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 493 3597 Wojcik Stephanie Monnoyer Smith Laurence 2012 Technology and the quality of public deliberation a comparison between on and offline participation International Journal of Electronic Governance 5 1 24 49 doi 10 1504 IJEG 2012 047443 Friess Dennis amp Eilders Christiane 2015 A Systematic Review of Online Deliberation Research Policy and Internet 7 3 319 339 Noveck Beth 2009 Wiki Government How Technology Can Make Government Better Democracy Stronger and Citizens More Powerful Brookings Institution Press Kiesler Sara Siegel Jane McGuire Timothy W 1984 Social psychological aspects of computer mediated communication American Psychologist 39 10 1123 1134 doi 10 1037 0003 066x 39 10 1123 Davis Richard 1999 The web of politics the internet s impact on the American political system New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195114843 OCLC 38879177 a b Yildiz Mete 2007 E government research Reviewing the literature limitations and ways forward Government Information Quarterly 24 3 646 665 doi 10 1016 j giq 2007 01 002 External links editOnline deliberation resources Developing and Using Online Tools for Deliberative Democracy the first conference on online deliberation Carnegie Mellon University June 2003 Online Deliberation 2005 DIAC 2005 the Second Conference on Online Deliberation Design Research and Practice Stanford University May 2005 Tools for Participation Collaboration Deliberation and Decision Support DIAC 2008 OD2008 the Third Conference on Online Deliberation University of California Berkeley June 2008 The Fourth International Conference on Online Deliberation University of Leeds June 30 July 2 2010 Online Deliberation A Review of The Literature Bang The Table 7 Aug 2017 Online Deliberation Online Deliberation Participedia Decidim Free Open Source participatory democracy software Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Online deliberation amp oldid 1187448182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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