The omasum, also known as the bible,[1] the fardel,[1] the manyplies[1] and the psalterium,[1] is the third compartment of the stomach in ruminants. The omasum comes after the rumen and reticulum and before the abomasum. Different ruminants have different omasum structures and function based on the food that they eat and how they developed through evolution.[2]
The omasum can be found on the right side of the cranial portion of the rumen.[3] It receives food from the reticulum through the reticulo-omasal orifice[3] and provides food to the abomasum through the omaso-abomasal orifice.[4] The omasum is spherical[5] to crescent shape[6] and has multiple leaflets similar to that of a book[7] called omasal laminae.[4] The omasal laminae are made of thin muscular layers covered with a nonglandular mucous membrane.[4] The omasal laminae come from the sides of the large curvature and project towards the inside of the omasum, extending from the reticulo-omasal orifice to the omaso-abomasal orifice.[8][4] They greatly increase the surface area of the omasum.[3][9] The laminae are covered in omasal papillae that are claw-like in some ruminants or blunt cones in others.[4][2] These papillae further increase the surface area but they also provide increased friction against the food particles.[3]
Functionedit
The function of the omasum is not completely understood.[5] During the second contraction phase of the reticulum, the reticule-omasal sphincter opens for a few seconds allowing a small volume of finely dispersed and well-fermented ingesta to enter the omasum.[3]
The omasum has two physiological compartments: omasal canal that transfers food from the reticulum to the omasum, and the inter-laminate recesses between the mucosal laminae which provide the area for absorption.[2] The omasum is where food particles that are small enough get transferred into the abomasum for enzymatic digestion.[5][2] In ruminants with a more sophisticated omasum[example needed], the large surface area[9] allows it to play a key role in the absorption of water, electrolytes,[2][4] volatile fatty acids, minerals, and the fermentation of food.[5]
Young ruminants that are still drinking milk have an esophageal groove that allows milk to bypass the rumen and go straight from the esophagus to the omasum.[10]
Species differencesedit
An early version of the omasum is seen in early ruminants like duikers and muntjacs, where it is a little more than a strainer sieve which prevents un-chewed foods from entering the abomasum.[2]
The smallest omasum belongs to ruminants that consume high quality diets like the moose and roe deer, while the largest belongs to those who are un-selective grass and roughage eaters like cattle and sheep.[2]
The omasum is not only bigger in grass and roughage eaters but there is greater differentiation in the book-like structure; seen as an increase in the number of laminae.[2]
^ abcdefghHofmann, R. (1989). "Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system" (PDF). Oecologia. 78 (4): 443–457. Bibcode:1989Oecol..78..443H. doi:10.1007/BF00378733. PMID 28312172. S2CID 22351707.
^ abcdefYamamoto, Y. & Kitamura, N. (1994). "Morphological study of the surface structure of the omasal laminae in cattle, sheep and goats". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 23 (2): 166–167. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.1994.tb00249.x. ISSN 0340-2096. PMID 7978351. S2CID 31135788.
^ abcdGrünberg, Walter & Constable, Peter D. (2009). "Function and Dysfunction of the Ruminant Forestomach". Food Animal Practice (5 ed.). pp. 12–19. doi:10.1016/b978-141603591-6.10006-5. ISBN9781416035916.
^Braun, Ueli (2009). "Ultrasonography of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Cattle" (PDF). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 25 (3): 567–590. doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.004. PMID 19825434.
^Stumpff, Friederike; Georgi, Maria-Ifigenia; Mundhenk, Lars; Rabbani, Imtiaz; Fromm, Michael; Martens, Holger & Günzel, Dorothee (2011-09-01). "Sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia: barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (17): 2871–2882. doi:10.1242/jeb.055582. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 21832130.
^Green, E. & Baker, C. (1996). "The surface morphology of the omasum of the African goat". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 67 (3): 117–122. ISSN 0038-2809. PMID 9120853.
^ ab. sci.waikato.ac.nz. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
^"Rumen Physiology and Rumination". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
January 01, 1970
omasum, omasum, also, known, bible, fardel, manyplies, psalterium, third, compartment, stomach, ruminants, omasum, comes, after, rumen, reticulum, before, abomasum, different, ruminants, have, different, omasum, structures, function, based, food, that, they, t. The omasum also known as the bible 1 the fardel 1 the manyplies 1 and the psalterium 1 is the third compartment of the stomach in ruminants The omasum comes after the rumen and reticulum and before the abomasum Different ruminants have different omasum structures and function based on the food that they eat and how they developed through evolution 2 The ruminant digestive systemContents 1 Anatomy 2 Function 3 Species differences 4 Culinary uses 5 See also 6 ReferencesAnatomy edit nbsp The leaflets of the omasumThe omasum can be found on the right side of the cranial portion of the rumen 3 It receives food from the reticulum through the reticulo omasal orifice 3 and provides food to the abomasum through the omaso abomasal orifice 4 The omasum is spherical 5 to crescent shape 6 and has multiple leaflets similar to that of a book 7 called omasal laminae 4 The omasal laminae are made of thin muscular layers covered with a nonglandular mucous membrane 4 The omasal laminae come from the sides of the large curvature and project towards the inside of the omasum extending from the reticulo omasal orifice to the omaso abomasal orifice 8 4 They greatly increase the surface area of the omasum 3 9 The laminae are covered in omasal papillae that are claw like in some ruminants or blunt cones in others 4 2 These papillae further increase the surface area but they also provide increased friction against the food particles 3 Function editThe function of the omasum is not completely understood 5 During the second contraction phase of the reticulum the reticule omasal sphincter opens for a few seconds allowing a small volume of finely dispersed and well fermented ingesta to enter the omasum 3 The omasum has two physiological compartments omasal canal that transfers food from the reticulum to the omasum and the inter laminate recesses between the mucosal laminae which provide the area for absorption 2 The omasum is where food particles that are small enough get transferred into the abomasum for enzymatic digestion 5 2 In ruminants with a more sophisticated omasum example needed the large surface area 9 allows it to play a key role in the absorption of water electrolytes 2 4 volatile fatty acids minerals and the fermentation of food 5 Young ruminants that are still drinking milk have an esophageal groove that allows milk to bypass the rumen and go straight from the esophagus to the omasum 10 Species differences editAn early version of the omasum is seen in early ruminants like duikers and muntjacs where it is a little more than a strainer sieve which prevents un chewed foods from entering the abomasum 2 The smallest omasum belongs to ruminants that consume high quality diets like the moose and roe deer while the largest belongs to those who are un selective grass and roughage eaters like cattle and sheep 2 The omasum is not only bigger in grass and roughage eaters but there is greater differentiation in the book like structure seen as an increase in the number of laminae 2 Culinary uses editSee also Tripe nbsp Sliced beef omasum is one of the Chinese dim sum known as ngau pak yip Chinese 牛百頁 牛柏葉 nbsp Lap nuea dip is a northern Thai raw beef larb which includes raw beef tripeSee also editOmasitis Methanogens in digestive tract of ruminantsReferences edit a b c d The Chambers Dictionary Ninth Edition Chambers Harrap Publishers 2003 a b c d e f g h Hofmann R 1989 Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants a comparative view of their digestive system PDF Oecologia 78 4 443 457 Bibcode 1989Oecol 78 443H doi 10 1007 BF00378733 PMID 28312172 S2CID 22351707 a b c d e Sjaastad Oystein 2010 Physiology of domestic animals Hove Knut Sand Olav 2nd ed Oslo Scandinavian Veterinary Press pp 555 556 ISBN 978 82 91743 07 3 OCLC 670546738 a b c d e f Yamamoto Y amp Kitamura N 1994 Morphological study of the surface structure of the omasal laminae in cattle sheep and goats Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 23 2 166 167 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0264 1994 tb00249 x ISSN 0340 2096 PMID 7978351 S2CID 31135788 a b c d Grunberg Walter amp Constable Peter D 2009 Function and Dysfunction of the Ruminant Forestomach Food Animal Practice 5 ed pp 12 19 doi 10 1016 b978 141603591 6 10006 5 ISBN 9781416035916 Braun Ueli 2009 Ultrasonography of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Cattle PDF Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 25 3 567 590 doi 10 1016 j cvfa 2009 07 004 PMID 19825434 Stumpff Friederike Georgi Maria Ifigenia Mundhenk Lars Rabbani Imtiaz Fromm Michael Martens Holger amp Gunzel Dorothee 2011 09 01 Sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins Journal of Experimental Biology 214 17 2871 2882 doi 10 1242 jeb 055582 ISSN 0022 0949 PMID 21832130 Green E amp Baker C 1996 The surface morphology of the omasum of the African goat Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 67 3 117 122 ISSN 0038 2809 PMID 9120853 a b Animal Structure amp Function sci waikato ac nz Archived from the original on 2012 05 02 Retrieved 2017 11 18 Rumen Physiology and Rumination www vivo colostate edu Retrieved 2017 11 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Omasum amp oldid 1217184962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
