Retinal migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraineheadache and typically affects only one eye. It is caused by ischaemia or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye.
Stress, smoking, high blood pressure, oral contraceptive pill, exercise, bending over, high altitude, dehydration, low blood sugar, excessive heat
Frequency
Varies from person to person
The terms "retinal migraine" and "ocular migraine" are often confused with "visual migraine", which is a far-more-common symptom of vision loss, resulting from the aura phase of migraine with aura. The aura phase of migraine can occur with or without a headache. Ocular or retinal migraines happen in the eye, so only affect the vision in that eye, while visual migraines occur in the brain, so affect the vision in both eyes together. Visual migraines result from cortical spreading depression and are also commonly termed scintillating scotoma.
Retinal migraine is associated with transient monocular visual loss (scotoma) in one eye lasting less than one hour.[1] During some episodes, the visual loss may occur with no headache and at other times throbbing headache on the same side of the head as the visual loss may occur, accompanied by severe light sensitivity and/or nausea. Visual loss tends to affect the entire monocular visual field of one eye, not both eyes. After each episode, normal vision returns.
It may be difficult to read and dangerous to drive a vehicle while retinal migraine symptoms are present.
Retinal migraine is a different disease than scintillating scotoma, which is a visual anomaly caused by spreading depression in the occipital cortex at the back of the brain, not in the eyes nor any component thereof.[2] Unlike in retinal migraine, a scintillating scotoma involves repeated bouts of temporary diminished vision or blindness and affects vision from both eyes, upon which patients may see flashes of light, zigzagging patterns, blind spots, or shimmering spots or stars.[3]
CausesEdit
Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels (that leads to the eye) suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing blood flow to the eye, which causes aura in vision.[4]
Afterwards, the blood vessels relax, blood flow resumes and sight returns. Usually there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare.
Retinal migraine tends to be more common in:
Women
People aged under 40
People with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches
The medical exam should rule out any underlying causes, such as blood clot, stroke, pituitary tumor, or detached retina. A normal retina exam is consistent with retinal migraine.[5]
TreatmentEdit
Treatment depends on identifying behavior that triggers migraine such as stress, sleep deprivation, skipped meals, food sensitivities, or specific activities. Medicines used to treat retinal migraines include aspirin, other NSAIDS, and medicines that reduce high blood pressure.[5]
PrognosisEdit
In general, the prognosis for retinal migraine is similar to that of migraine headache with typical aura. As the true incidence of retinal migraine is unknown, it is uncertain whether there is a higher incidence of permanent neuro retinal injury.[6] The visual field data suggests that there is a higher incidence of end arteriolar distribution infraction and a higher incidence of permanent visual field defects[7] in retinal migraine than in clinically manifest cerebral infarctions in migraine with aura. A 2005 study suggests that more than half of reported recurrent cases of retinal migraine subsequently experienced permanent visual loss in that eye from infarcts,[1] but later studies suggest such loss is a relatively rare side effect.[4]
retinal, migraine, retinal, disease, often, accompanied, migraine, headache, typically, affects, only, caused, ischaemia, vascular, spasm, behind, affected, other, namesophthalmic, migraine, ocular, migraineconnections, with, migrainespecialtyneurology, causes. Retinal migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye It is caused by ischaemia or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye Retinal migraineOther namesOphthalmic migraine and Ocular migraineConnections with migraineSpecialtyNeurology CausesStress smoking high blood pressure oral contraceptive pill exercise bending over high altitude dehydration low blood sugar excessive heatFrequencyVaries from person to personThe terms retinal migraine and ocular migraine are often confused with visual migraine which is a far more common symptom of vision loss resulting from the aura phase of migraine with aura The aura phase of migraine can occur with or without a headache Ocular or retinal migraines happen in the eye so only affect the vision in that eye while visual migraines occur in the brain so affect the vision in both eyes together Visual migraines result from cortical spreading depression and are also commonly termed scintillating scotoma Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 Prognosis 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSymptoms EditRetinal migraine is associated with transient monocular visual loss scotoma in one eye lasting less than one hour 1 During some episodes the visual loss may occur with no headache and at other times throbbing headache on the same side of the head as the visual loss may occur accompanied by severe light sensitivity and or nausea Visual loss tends to affect the entire monocular visual field of one eye not both eyes After each episode normal vision returns It may be difficult to read and dangerous to drive a vehicle while retinal migraine symptoms are present Retinal migraine is a different disease than scintillating scotoma which is a visual anomaly caused by spreading depression in the occipital cortex at the back of the brain not in the eyes nor any component thereof 2 Unlike in retinal migraine a scintillating scotoma involves repeated bouts of temporary diminished vision or blindness and affects vision from both eyes upon which patients may see flashes of light zigzagging patterns blind spots or shimmering spots or stars 3 Causes EditRetinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels that leads to the eye suddenly narrowing constricting reducing blood flow to the eye which causes aura in vision 4 It may be triggered by Stress Smoking High blood pressure Oral contraceptive pill Exercise Hay fever Bending over High altitude Dehydration Low blood sugar Excessive heat Eating chocolateAfterwards the blood vessels relax blood flow resumes and sight returns Usually there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare Retinal migraine tends to be more common in Women People aged under 40 People with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches People with an underlying disease lupus hardening of the arteries sickle cell disease epilepsy antiphospholipid syndrome and giant cell arteritis 4 Diagnosis EditThe medical exam should rule out any underlying causes such as blood clot stroke pituitary tumor or detached retina A normal retina exam is consistent with retinal migraine 5 Treatment EditTreatment depends on identifying behavior that triggers migraine such as stress sleep deprivation skipped meals food sensitivities or specific activities Medicines used to treat retinal migraines include aspirin other NSAIDS and medicines that reduce high blood pressure 5 Prognosis EditIn general the prognosis for retinal migraine is similar to that of migraine headache with typical aura As the true incidence of retinal migraine is unknown it is uncertain whether there is a higher incidence of permanent neuro retinal injury 6 The visual field data suggests that there is a higher incidence of end arteriolar distribution infraction and a higher incidence of permanent visual field defects 7 in retinal migraine than in clinically manifest cerebral infarctions in migraine with aura A 2005 study suggests that more than half of reported recurrent cases of retinal migraine subsequently experienced permanent visual loss in that eye from infarcts 1 but later studies suggest such loss is a relatively rare side effect 4 See also EditAmaurosis fugax Entoptic phenomenon Scintillating scotomaReferences Edit a b Grosberg BM Solomon S Lipton RB August 2005 Retinal migraine Curr Pain Headache Rep 9 4 268 71 doi 10 1007 s11916 005 0035 2 PMID 16004843 S2CID 22376278 Genetics in Migraine imigraine net Archived from the original on 3 June 2004 Swanson Jerry W 14 August 2020 Ocular migraine When to seek help Mayo Clinic Retrieved 21 February 2021 a b c Retinal migraine NHS Choices 2 August 2019 a b Ocular Migraines All About Retinal and Ocular Migraines About com Headaches amp Migraines Retrieved 24 June 2015 Amvision 2022 11 19 Ocular Migraine find the best options AMVision Eye amp Child Retrieved 2022 12 31 Gupta Anubhav 2022 11 19 Ocular Migraine Eye Treatment practices Retrieved 2022 12 31 External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Retinal migraine amp oldid 1159777074, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
