Occupational medicine

Not to be confused with occupational therapy.

For academic journals with this name, see Occupational Medicine.

Occupational medicine, previously called industrial medicine,^[1][a] is the branch of medicine concerned with the maintenance of health in the workplace, including prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries, with secondary objectives of maintaining and increasing productivity and social adjustment in the workplace.^[1][2]

Occupational Medicine
MeSH	D009787
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Occupational Medicine Physician

Occupation
Names	Physician
Occupation type	Specialty
Activity sectors	Medicine
Description
Education required	Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB)
Fields of employment	Hospitals, Clinics

Therefore, the branch of clinical medicine active in the field of occupational health and safety (OSM). OM is also related to occupational hygiene (OH). OM specialists work to ensure that the highest standards of occupational health and safety are achieved and maintained in the workplace. While OM may involve a wide number of disciplines, it centers on preventive medicine and the management of illness, injury, and disability related to the workplace.^[3] Occupational physicians must have a broad knowledge of clinical medicine and be competent in some important fields. They often advise international bodies, governmental and state agencies, organizations, and trade unions.^{[4][citation needed]} There are contextual links to physical medicine and rehabilitation and to insurance medicine. In recent times, as the burden of disease from psychosocial occupational risk factors is increasingly being recognized and quantified,^[5] occupational medicine is increasingly also focusing on addressing these occupational hazards.

Mission

Occupational medicine aims to prevent diseases and promote wellness among workers.^[6] Occupational health physicians must:^[6]

• Have knowledge of potential hazards in the workplace including toxic properties of materials used.
• Be able to evaluate employee fitness for work.
• Be able to diagnose and treat occupational disease and injury.
• Know about rehabilitation methods, health education, and government laws and regulations concerning workplace and environmental health.
• Be able to manage health service delivery.

OM can be described as:

work that combines clinical medicine, research, and advocacy for people who need the assistance of health professionals to obtain some measure of justice and health care for illnesses they suffer as a result of companies pursuing the biggest profits they can make, no matter what the effect on workers or the communities they operate in.^[7]

History

The first textbook of occupational medicine, De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (Diseases of Workers), was written by Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini in 1700.^{[citation needed]}

Governmental bodies

United States

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Russian Federation

Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow)

Non-governmental organizations

International

• International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH)
• Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM)

Canadian

• Occupational Medicine Specialists of Canada

United Kingdom

• Faculty of Occupational Medicine

United States

• American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM)
• American Osteopathic College of Occupational & Preventive Medicine (AOCOPM)

Europe

• European Society for Environmental and Occupational Medicine (EOM)

Australasia

• ANZSOM Australia https://www.anzsom.org.au/
• ANZSOM New Zealand https://anzsom.org.nz/

See also

• American Board of Preventive Medicine
• American Osteopathic Board of Preventive Medicine
• Industrial and organizational psychology
• National Occupational Research Agenda
• Occupational disease
• Occupational Health and Safety
• Occupational health nursing
• Occupational health psychology
• Occupational hygiene
• Occupational Medicine (journal)
• Trauma und Berufskrankheit

Notes

1. It can be confusing that British English also uses industrial medicine to refer to occupational health and safety and also uses occupational health to refer to occupational medicine. See the Collins Dictionary's entries for industrial medicine and occupational medicine and occupational health.

References

1. Encyclopædia Britannica
2. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms
3. Thomas McClure, MD. . San Francisco Medical Society. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
4. "Occupational Medicine". American Medical Association. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
5. Pega, Frank; Nafradi, Balint; Momen, Natalie; Ujita, Yuka; Streicher, Kai; Prüss-Üstün, Annette; Technical Advisory Group (2021). "Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury". Environment International. 154: 106595. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595. PMC 8204267. PMID 34011457.
6. "New to Occupational and Environmental Medicine". ACOEM. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
7. Interview with Dr. Stephen Levin/Obituary, Katie Halper, The Nation, February 14, 2012