The Neuchâtel Observatory (French: Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel) is an astronomicalobservatory funded by the Public Economy Department of the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. It is located in the city of Neuchâtel and was founded in 1858. The first director was the 71 year old German astronomer Adolphe Hirsche.[1]
Besides astronomical observations, the Neuchâtel observatory also works with atomic clocks. Before 1967, one second was defined by the rotation of the earth, and thus Neuchâtel observatory calibrated clocks via observations. Now its telescope is used in a historical fashion by local amateur astronomers, while the calibration is done via atomic clocks.
Description
In the past, the Neuchatel Observatory was known as the Observatoire Astronomique et Chronometrique de Neuchatel, in reference to the fact that it participated in assessing and rating Swiss timepiece movements for accuracy.[2] As marine navigation adopted the usage of mechanical timepieces for navigational aid, the accuracy of such timepieces became more critical. From this need developed an accuracy testing regime involving various astronomical observatories. In Europe, the Neuchâtel Observatory, Geneva Observatory, Besançon Observatory and Kew Observatory were examples of prominent observatories that tested timepiece movements for accuracy. The testing process lasted for many days, typically 45 days. Each movement was tested in 5 positions and 2 temperatures, in 10 series of 4 or 5 days each. The tolerances for error were much finer than any other standard, including the modern COSC standard. Movements that passed the stringent tests were issued a certification from the observatory called a Bulletin de Marche, signed by the Directeur of the Observatory. The Bulletin de Marche stated the testing criteria, and the actual performance of the movement. A movement with a Bulletin de Marche from an observatory became known as an Observatory Chronometer, and such were issued a chronometer reference number by the Observatory.
The role of the observatories in assessing the accuracy of mechanical timepieces was instrumental in driving the mechanical watchmaking industry toward higher and higher levels of accuracy. As a result, today high quality mechanical watch movements have an extremely high degree of accuracy. However, no mechanical movement could ultimately compare to the accuracy of the quartz movements being developed. Accordingly, such chronometer certification ceased in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the advent of the quartz watch movement.
In 2017 the Observatory Chronometer Database (OCD) [3] went online, which contains all mechanical timepieces ("chronometres-mecaniques") certified as observatory chronometers by the observatory in Neuchatel from 1945 to 1967, due to a successful participation in the competition which resulted in the issuance of a "Bulletin de Marche". All database entries are submissions to the wristwatch category ("chronometres-bracelet") at the observatory competition.
References
^"Notes". The Journal of the British Astronomical Society. 11 (9): 359. 1900.
^Betts, Jonathan (2018). Marine Chronometers at Greenwich. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN9780199641383.
neuchâtel, observatory, french, observatoire, cantonal, neuchâtel, astronomical, observatory, funded, public, economy, department, canton, neuchâtel, switzerland, located, city, neuchâtel, founded, 1858, first, director, year, german, astronomer, adolphe, hirs. The Neuchatel Observatory French Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchatel is an astronomical observatory funded by the Public Economy Department of the canton of Neuchatel Switzerland It is located in the city of Neuchatel and was founded in 1858 The first director was the 71 year old German astronomer Adolphe Hirsche 1 Neuchatel ObservatoryAlternative namesNeuchatel ObservatoryObservatory code019 LocationNeuchatel Canton of Neuchatel SwitzerlandCoordinates47 00 00 N 6 57 10 E 47 0000 N 6 9529 E 47 0000 6 9529 Coordinates 47 00 00 N 6 57 10 E 47 0000 N 6 9529 E 47 0000 6 9529Established1858Websiteastrosurf wbr com wbr obs ntlLocation of Neuchatel Observatory Related media on Commons edit on Wikidata Besides astronomical observations the Neuchatel observatory also works with atomic clocks Before 1967 one second was defined by the rotation of the earth and thus Neuchatel observatory calibrated clocks via observations Now its telescope is used in a historical fashion by local amateur astronomers while the calibration is done via atomic clocks Description EditIn the past the Neuchatel Observatory was known as the Observatoire Astronomique et Chronometrique de Neuchatel in reference to the fact that it participated in assessing and rating Swiss timepiece movements for accuracy 2 As marine navigation adopted the usage of mechanical timepieces for navigational aid the accuracy of such timepieces became more critical From this need developed an accuracy testing regime involving various astronomical observatories In Europe the Neuchatel Observatory Geneva Observatory Besancon Observatory and Kew Observatory were examples of prominent observatories that tested timepiece movements for accuracy The testing process lasted for many days typically 45 days Each movement was tested in 5 positions and 2 temperatures in 10 series of 4 or 5 days each The tolerances for error were much finer than any other standard including the modern COSC standard Movements that passed the stringent tests were issued a certification from the observatory called a Bulletin de Marche signed by the Directeur of the Observatory The Bulletin de Marche stated the testing criteria and the actual performance of the movement A movement with a Bulletin de Marche from an observatory became known as an Observatory Chronometer and such were issued a chronometer reference number by the Observatory The role of the observatories in assessing the accuracy of mechanical timepieces was instrumental in driving the mechanical watchmaking industry toward higher and higher levels of accuracy As a result today high quality mechanical watch movements have an extremely high degree of accuracy However no mechanical movement could ultimately compare to the accuracy of the quartz movements being developed Accordingly such chronometer certification ceased in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the advent of the quartz watch movement In 2017 the Observatory Chronometer Database OCD 3 went online which contains all mechanical timepieces chronometres mecaniques certified as observatory chronometers by the observatory in Neuchatel from 1945 to 1967 due to a successful participation in the competition which resulted in the issuance of a Bulletin de Marche All database entries are submissions to the wristwatch category chronometres bracelet at the observatory competition References Edit Notes The Journal of the British Astronomical Society 11 9 359 1900 Betts Jonathan 2018 Marine Chronometers at Greenwich Oxford University Press p 69 ISBN 9780199641383 Observatory Chronometer Database OCD External links EditObservatoire astronomique de Neuchatel Observatory Chronometer Database OCD Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neuchatel Observatory amp oldid 1090299630, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
