Online transaction processing (OLTP) is a type of database system used in transaction-oriented applications, such as many operational systems. "Online" refers to that such systems are expected to respond to user requests and process them in real-time (process transactions). The term is contrasted with online analytical processing (OLAP) which instead focuses on data analysis (for example planning and management systems).
The term "transaction" can have two different meanings, both of which might apply: in the realm of computers or database transactions it denotes an atomic change of state, whereas in the realm of business or finance, the term typically denotes an exchange of economic entities (as used by, e.g., Transaction Processing Performance Council or commercial transactions.[1]): 50 OLTP may use transactions of the first type to record transactions of the second.
Compared to OLAPEdit
OLTP is typically contrasted to online analytical processing (OLAP), which is generally characterized by much more complex queries, in a smaller volume, for the purpose of business intelligence or reporting rather than to process transactions. Whereas OLTP systems process all kinds of queries (read, insert, update and delete), OLAP is generally optimized for read only and might not even support other kinds of queries. OLTP also operates differently from batch processing and grid computing.[1]: 15
In addition, OLTP is often contrasted to online event processing (OLEP), which is based on distributed event logs to offer strong consistency in large-scale heterogeneous systems.[2] Whereas OLTP is associated with short atomic transactions, OLEP allows for more flexible distribution patterns and higher scalability, but with increased latency and without guaranteed upper bound to the processing time.
UseEdit
OLTP has also been used to refer to processing in which the system responds immediately to user requests. An automated teller machine (ATM) for a bank is an example of a commercial transaction processing application.[3] Online transaction processing applications have high throughput and are insert- or update-intensive in database management. These applications are used concurrently by hundreds of users. The key goals of OLTP applications are availability, speed, concurrency and recoverability (durability).[4] Reduced paper trails and the faster, more accurate forecast for revenues and expenses are both examples of how OLTP makes things simpler for businesses. However, like many modern online information technology solutions, some systems require offline maintenance, which further affects the cost-benefit analysis of an online transaction processing system.
OverviewEdit
An OLTP system is an accessible data processing system in today's enterprises. Some examples of OLTP systems include order entry, retail sales, and financial transaction systems.[5] Online transaction processing systems increasingly require support for transactions that span a network and may include more than one company. For this reason, modern online transaction processing software uses client or server processing and brokering software that allows transactions to run on different computer platforms in a network.
In large applications, efficient OLTP may depend on sophisticated transaction management software (such as IBM CICS) and/or database optimization tactics to facilitate the processing of large numbers of concurrent updates to an OLTP-oriented database.
For even more demanding decentralized database systems, OLTP brokering programs can distribute transaction processing among multiple computers on a network. OLTP is often integrated into service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Web services.
Online transaction processing (OLTP) involves gathering input information, processing the data and updating existing data to reflect the collected and processed information. As of today, most organizations use a database management system to support OLTP. OLTP is carried in a client-server system.
Online transaction process concerns about concurrency and atomicity. Concurrency controls guarantee that two users accessing the same data in the database system will not be able to change that data or the user has to wait until the other user has finished processing, before changing that piece of data. Atomicity controls guarantee that all the steps in a transaction are completed successfully as a group. That is, if any steps between the transaction fail, all other steps must fail also.[6]
Systems designEdit
To build an OLTP system, a designer must know that the large number of concurrent users does not interfere with the system's performance. To increase the performance of an OLTP system, a designer must avoid excessive use of indexes and clusters.
The following elements are crucial for the performance of OLTP systems:[4]
Rollback segments: Rollback segments are the portions of database that record the actions of transactions in the event that a transaction is rolled back. Rollback segments provide read consistency, rollback transactions, and recovery of the database.[7]
Clusters: A cluster is a schema that contains one or more tables that have one or more columns in common. Clustering tables in a database improves the performance of join operations.[8]
Discrete transactions: A discrete transaction defers all change to the data until the transaction is committed. It can improve the performance of short, non-distributed transactions.[9]
Block size: The data block size should be a multiple of the operating system's block size within the maximum limit to avoid unnecessary I/O.[10]
Buffer cache size: SQL statements should be tuned to use the database buffer cache to avoid unnecessary resource consumption.[11]
Transaction processing monitors and the multi-threaded server: A transaction processing monitor is used for coordination of services. It is like an operating system and does the coordination at a high level of granularity and can span multiple computing devices.[12]
Partition (database): Partition use increases performance for sites that have regular transactions while still maintaining availability and security.
Database tuning: With database tuning, an OLTP system can maximize its performance as efficiently and rapidly as possible.
ReferencesEdit
^ abBog, Anja (2013). Benchmarking Transaction and Analytical Processing Systems: The Creation of a Mixed Workload Benchmark and its Application. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN978-3642380709.
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Online transaction processing OLTP is a type of database system used in transaction oriented applications such as many operational systems Online refers to that such systems are expected to respond to user requests and process them in real time process transactions The term is contrasted with online analytical processing OLAP which instead focuses on data analysis for example planning and management systems Contents 1 The term transaction 2 Compared to OLAP 3 Use 4 Overview 5 Systems design 6 References 7 External linksThe term transaction EditThe term transaction can have two different meanings both of which might apply in the realm of computers or database transactions it denotes an atomic change of state whereas in the realm of business or finance the term typically denotes an exchange of economic entities as used by e g Transaction Processing Performance Council or commercial transactions 1 50 OLTP may use transactions of the first type to record transactions of the second Compared to OLAP EditOLTP is typically contrasted to online analytical processing OLAP which is generally characterized by much more complex queries in a smaller volume for the purpose of business intelligence or reporting rather than to process transactions Whereas OLTP systems process all kinds of queries read insert update and delete OLAP is generally optimized for read only and might not even support other kinds of queries OLTP also operates differently from batch processing and grid computing 1 15 In addition OLTP is often contrasted to online event processing OLEP which is based on distributed event logs to offer strong consistency in large scale heterogeneous systems 2 Whereas OLTP is associated with short atomic transactions OLEP allows for more flexible distribution patterns and higher scalability but with increased latency and without guaranteed upper bound to the processing time Use EditOLTP has also been used to refer to processing in which the system responds immediately to user requests An automated teller machine ATM for a bank is an example of a commercial transaction processing application 3 Online transaction processing applications have high throughput and are insert or update intensive in database management These applications are used concurrently by hundreds of users The key goals of OLTP applications are availability speed concurrency and recoverability durability 4 Reduced paper trails and the faster more accurate forecast for revenues and expenses are both examples of how OLTP makes things simpler for businesses However like many modern online information technology solutions some systems require offline maintenance which further affects the cost benefit analysis of an online transaction processing system Overview EditAn OLTP system is an accessible data processing system in today s enterprises Some examples of OLTP systems include order entry retail sales and financial transaction systems 5 Online transaction processing systems increasingly require support for transactions that span a network and may include more than one company For this reason modern online transaction processing software uses client or server processing and brokering software that allows transactions to run on different computer platforms in a network In large applications efficient OLTP may depend on sophisticated transaction management software such as IBM CICS and or database optimization tactics to facilitate the processing of large numbers of concurrent updates to an OLTP oriented database For even more demanding decentralized database systems OLTP brokering programs can distribute transaction processing among multiple computers on a network OLTP is often integrated into service oriented architecture SOA and Web services Online transaction processing OLTP involves gathering input information processing the data and updating existing data to reflect the collected and processed information As of today most organizations use a database management system to support OLTP OLTP is carried in a client server system Online transaction process concerns about concurrency and atomicity Concurrency controls guarantee that two users accessing the same data in the database system will not be able to change that data or the user has to wait until the other user has finished processing before changing that piece of data Atomicity controls guarantee that all the steps in a transaction are completed successfully as a group That is if any steps between the transaction fail all other steps must fail also 6 Systems design EditTo build an OLTP system a designer must know that the large number of concurrent users does not interfere with the system s performance To increase the performance of an OLTP system a designer must avoid excessive use of indexes and clusters The following elements are crucial for the performance of OLTP systems 4 Rollback segments Rollback segments are the portions of database that record the actions of transactions in the event that a transaction is rolled back Rollback segments provide read consistency rollback transactions and recovery of the database 7 Clusters A cluster is a schema that contains one or more tables that have one or more columns in common Clustering tables in a database improves the performance of join operations 8 Discrete transactions A discrete transaction defers all change to the data until the transaction is committed It can improve the performance of short non distributed transactions 9 Block size The data block size should be a multiple of the operating system s block size within the maximum limit to avoid unnecessary I O 10 Buffer cache size SQL statements should be tuned to use the database buffer cache to avoid unnecessary resource consumption 11 Dynamic allocation of space to tables and rollback segments Transaction processing monitors and the multi threaded server A transaction processing monitor is used for coordination of services It is like an operating system and does the coordination at a high level of granularity and can span multiple computing devices 12 Partition database Partition use increases performance for sites that have regular transactions while still maintaining availability and security Database tuning With database tuning an OLTP system can maximize its performance as efficiently and rapidly as possible References Edit a b Bog Anja 2013 Benchmarking Transaction and Analytical Processing Systems The Creation of a Mixed Workload Benchmark and its Application Berlin Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 3642380709 Online Event Processing ACM Queue queue acm org Retrieved 2019 05 30 Heller Martin 2022 02 18 What is OLTP The backbone of ecommerce InfoWorld Retrieved 2022 09 27 a b Application and System Performance Characteristics Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 02 Database VLDB and Partitioning Guide Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 02 Online Transaction Processing vs Decision Support Microsoft com Retrieved 2018 05 07 Managing Rollback Segments Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 07 ISelfSchooling What is cluster table Index Cluster and Hash Cluster Archived from the original on 2014 05 14 Retrieved 2014 05 14 Transaction Modes Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 07 Data Blocks Extents and Segments Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 07 Tuning the Database Buffer Cache Oracle com Retrieved 2018 05 07 Transaction processing monitor C2 com Retrieved 2018 05 07 External links Edit nbsp Look up OLTP in Wiktionary the free dictionary H Store Project architectural and application shifts affecting OLTP performance IBM CICS official website Transaction Processing Performance Council OLTP Schema Transaction Processing Concepts amp Techniques Management HPE NonStop Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Online transaction processing amp oldid 1157160402, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
