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Nyctophilus

Nyctophilus is a genus of the vespertilionids or vesper bats. They are often termed Australian big-eared bats or long-eared bats, as the length of their ears often greatly exceeds that of the head. This genus occurs in the New Guinean-Australian region.

Nyctophilus
Nyctophilus geoffroyi
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Tribe: Vespertilionini
Genus: Nyctophilus
Leach, 1821[1]
Type species
Nyctophilus geoffroyi
Leach, 1821
Species

See text

Taxonomy edit

The first description of the genus was published in 1821 by William Elford Leach.[1] The name Nyctophilus means night-loving and is derived from the combination of Ancient Greek nyktos and philos.[2]

The type species of the genus is Nyctophilus geoffroyi, the lesser long-eared bat.[3] A monograph on the genus, published by Robert Fisher Tomes in 1858, cited two earlier descriptions, the species assumed by Tomes as the type for Nyctophilus geoffroyi, Leach, and incorporated the similar Vespertilio timoriensis Geoffroy as a new generic combination. Two new species were also named, Nyctophilus gouldi and Nyctophilus unicolor, both based on specimens supplied by John Gould.[4] The availability of the name Nyctophilus timoriensis is uncertain and recognised or excluded in some treatments, following a revision and new taxa published in 2009.[5][6] This followed the 2008 publication of unknown taxa noted as Nyctophilus sp., subspecies of T. timoriensis or new and separate species.[6]

An arrangement within the family Vespertilionidae, the common evening bats, separates the genus to the subfamilial taxon Vespertilioninae and the tribe Nyctophilini, allied to the monotypic genus of Pharotis imogene, a species also found in New Guinea. A taxon proposed in 1968, Lamingtona McKean & Calaby, is a synonym for the genus.[3] An attempt to reclassify the group as Barbastellus Gray, 1829, which the author John Edward Gray later revised to include a type in 1831, is also synonymous with Nyctophilus Leach, 1821.[6]

The relationships between the species were first outlined in 1941, an arrangement that identified four interspecific groups. One of these alliances was the problematic timoriensis group, including the dubiously named N. timoriensis with N. major, N. sherrini and N. gouldi. Three other groups were named although with slight descriptions: bifax group (bifax and daedalus); geoffroyi group (with australis, pacificus, unicolor and pallescens); and microtis group (microtis, bicolor and walkeri).[5]

Description edit

A genus of the common and widely dispersed bat family Vespertilionidae, the common, evening bats. They are found in Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia, and lack extensive research into their diverse forms and habits.

The species have a body arrangement that resembles the horseshoe bat family Rhinolophidae, but distinguished by ears that exceed the length of the head. The upper half of the ear is markedly ribbed at the inner surface. The muzzle of these species is short and tail features are typical of the family.[7] The species have small appendages at the nostrils, similar to the larger ornamented structures of bats using nasally emitted constant frequency sound in echolocation. The often plain faced vespertilionid genera use frequency modulated echolocation, emitted orally, but this genus—and possibly the North American genus Antrozous—is confirmed to use sound via the nostril apparatus.[8]

The species may present twin births, unlike the single births of most microbat genera.[9]

Diversity edit

Taxa within this genus, sometimes described as 'long-eared bats', are:

  • Greater long-eared bat, Nyctophilus timoriensis. A number of similar populations, tentatively distinguished or formally described, are referred to as the "Nyctophilus timoriensis complex", a group allied by similarity to this species and later typifications.[7] Doubt regarding the type location, the epithet and author of Vespertilio timoriensis indicating the origin as Timor, was noted since early revisions of the genus.[4][5]

However, this nomenclaturally uncertain taxon is provisionally excluded at the Australian Faunal Directory,[6] which instead recognises new taxa that emerged from comparative study of molecular and morphological research (Parnaby, 2009).[5]

Populations identified as Nyctophilus include unnamed species (Andrews, 2015),

  • Nyctophilus sp, undescribed, south-eastern long-eared bat; allied to the 'greater long-eared' timoriensis complex. An uncommon bat found in a variety of woodlands in the Murray-Darling Basin, where suitable tree hollows and well defined canopy and understory provide a specialised habitat. The species is most abundant in Pilliga Scrub.[7]
  • Nyctophilus sp, undescribed, central long-eared bat; a distinct form, also resembling those of the timoriensis complex. A microbat found in semi-arid regions of Western Australia, from the Goldfields district to the Eyre Peninsula. The flight is a agile fluttering patrol, as with others of the complex, but is also noted as surveying from a perch and taking prey at the ground. They favour grasslands, such as spinifex, and wood or shrublands and mallee habitat. They reside in foliage, hollows, and under bark. They have been observed at the Nullarbor National Park in South Australia, and Western Australian nature reserves Nuytsland and Dundas.[7]

References edit

  • D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2005: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
  1. ^ a b c Leach, William Elford (1821). "IX. The Characters of seven Genera of Bats with foliaceous Appendages to the Nose". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 13: 73–82. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00056.x. ISSN 1945-9432.
  2. ^ Strahan, Ronald; Conder, Pamela (2007). Dictionary of Australian and New Guinean Mammals. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9780643100060.
  3. ^ a b Jackson, S.M.; Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. Csiro Publishing. p. 267. ISBN 9781486300136.
  4. ^ a b Tomes, R.F. (1858). "A monograph of the genus Nyctophilus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1858 (26): 25–37. ISSN 0370-2774.
  5. ^ a b c d e Parnaby, H. E. (January 2009). "A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa". Australian Zoologist. 35 (1): 39–81. doi:10.7882/AZ.2009.005.
  6. ^ a b c d "Genus Nyctophilus Leach, 1821". Australian Faunal Directory. biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Andrew, D. (2015). Complete Guide to Finding the Mammals of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. p. 330. ISBN 9780643098145.
  8. ^ Hall, L.S.; Woodside, D.P. (1989). "42. Vespertilionidae". Fauna of Australia. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service. ISBN 9780644060561.
  9. ^ Richards, G.C.; Hall, L.S.; Parish, S. (photography) (2012). A natural history of Australian bats : working the night shift. CSIRO Pub. ISBN 9780643103740.
  10. ^ Johnson, D.H. (1959). "Four new mammals from the Northern Territory of Australia". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 72: 183–187. ISSN 0006-324X.
  11. ^ a b Thomas, Oldfield (1915). "Notes on the genus Nyctophilus". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 15 (89): 493–499. doi:10.1080/00222931508693662. ISSN 0374-5481.
  12. ^ Parnaby, Harry E.; King, Andrew G.; Eldridge, Mark D. B. (2021-05-19). "A new bat species from southwestern Western Australia, previously assigned to Gould's Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi Tomes, 1858". Records of the Australian Museum. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  13. ^ McKean, John L. (1975). "Bats of Lord Howe Island with the description of a new Nyctophiline bat". Journal of the Australian Mammal Society. 1 (4): 329–32.
  14. ^ Parnaby, H. E. (2002). "A new species of long-eared bat (Nyctophilus: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia". Australian Mammalogy. 23 (2): 115–124. doi:10.1071/am01115. ISSN 1836-7402. S2CID 87537165.

nyctophilus, eared, redirects, here, south, american, eared, bats, eared, brown, bats, histiotus, north, american, eared, bats, plecotini, genus, vespertilionids, vesper, bats, they, often, termed, australian, eared, bats, long, eared, bats, length, their, ear. Big eared bat redirects here For the South American big eared bats or big eared brown bats see Histiotus For the North American big eared bats see Plecotini Nyctophilus is a genus of the vespertilionids or vesper bats They are often termed Australian big eared bats or long eared bats as the length of their ears often greatly exceeds that of the head This genus occurs in the New Guinean Australian region NyctophilusNyctophilus geoffroyiScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ChiropteraFamily VespertilionidaeTribe VespertilioniniGenus NyctophilusLeach 1821 1 Type speciesNyctophilus geoffroyiLeach 1821SpeciesSee text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Diversity 4 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe first description of the genus was published in 1821 by William Elford Leach 1 The name Nyctophilus means night loving and is derived from the combination of Ancient Greek nyktos and philos 2 The type species of the genus is Nyctophilus geoffroyi the lesser long eared bat 3 A monograph on the genus published by Robert Fisher Tomes in 1858 cited two earlier descriptions the species assumed by Tomes as the type for Nyctophilus geoffroyi Leach and incorporated the similar Vespertilio timoriensis Geoffroy as a new generic combination Two new species were also named Nyctophilus gouldi and Nyctophilus unicolor both based on specimens supplied by John Gould 4 The availability of the name Nyctophilus timoriensis is uncertain and recognised or excluded in some treatments following a revision and new taxa published in 2009 5 6 This followed the 2008 publication of unknown taxa noted as Nyctophilus sp subspecies of T timoriensis or new and separate species 6 An arrangement within the family Vespertilionidae the common evening bats separates the genus to the subfamilial taxon Vespertilioninae and the tribe Nyctophilini allied to the monotypic genus of Pharotis imogene a species also found in New Guinea A taxon proposed in 1968 Lamingtona McKean amp Calaby is a synonym for the genus 3 An attempt to reclassify the group as Barbastellus Gray 1829 which the author John Edward Gray later revised to include a type in 1831 is also synonymous with Nyctophilus Leach 1821 6 The relationships between the species were first outlined in 1941 an arrangement that identified four interspecific groups One of these alliances was the problematic timoriensis group including the dubiously named N timoriensis with N major N sherrini and N gouldi Three other groups were named although with slight descriptions bifax group bifax and daedalus geoffroyi group with australis pacificus unicolor and pallescens and microtis group microtis bicolor and walkeri 5 Description editA genus of the common and widely dispersed bat family Vespertilionidae the common evening bats They are found in Australia New Guinea and Indonesia and lack extensive research into their diverse forms and habits The species have a body arrangement that resembles the horseshoe bat family Rhinolophidae but distinguished by ears that exceed the length of the head The upper half of the ear is markedly ribbed at the inner surface The muzzle of these species is short and tail features are typical of the family 7 The species have small appendages at the nostrils similar to the larger ornamented structures of bats using nasally emitted constant frequency sound in echolocation The often plain faced vespertilionid genera use frequency modulated echolocation emitted orally but this genus and possibly the North American genus Antrozous is confirmed to use sound via the nostril apparatus 8 The species may present twin births unlike the single births of most microbat genera 9 Diversity editTaxa within this genus sometimes described as long eared bats are Greater long eared bat Nyctophilus timoriensis A number of similar populations tentatively distinguished or formally described are referred to as the Nyctophilus timoriensis complex a group allied by similarity to this species and later typifications 7 Doubt regarding the type location the epithet and author of Vespertilio timoriensis indicating the origin as Timor was noted since early revisions of the genus 4 5 However this nomenclaturally uncertain taxon is provisionally excluded at the Australian Faunal Directory 6 which instead recognises new taxa that emerged from comparative study of molecular and morphological research Parnaby 2009 5 Northern long eared bat Nyctophilus arnhemensis 10 Eastern long eared bat Nyctophilus bifax 11 Corben s long eared bat Nyctophilus corbeni 5 Pallid long eared bat Nyctophilus daedalus 11 Lesser long eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi 1 Subsp N g geoffroyi Subsp N g pacificus Subsp N g pallescens Gould s long eared bat Nyctophilus gouldi Sunda long eared bat Nyctophilus heran Holt s long eared bat Nyctophilus holtorum 12 Lord Howe long eared bat Nyctophilus howensis extinct 13 Western long eared bat Nyctophilus major Subsp N m major Subsp N m tor Small toothed long eared bat Nyctophilus microdon New Guinea long eared bat Nyctophilus microtis New Caledonian long eared bat Nyctophilus nebulosus 14 Tasmanian long eared bat Nyctophilus sherrini Mt Missim long eared bat Nyctophilus shirleyae Pygmy long eared bat Nyctophilus walkeriPopulations identified as Nyctophilus include unnamed species Andrews 2015 Nyctophilus sp undescribed south eastern long eared bat allied to the greater long eared timoriensis complex An uncommon bat found in a variety of woodlands in the Murray Darling Basin where suitable tree hollows and well defined canopy and understory provide a specialised habitat The species is most abundant in Pilliga Scrub 7 Nyctophilus sp undescribed central long eared bat a distinct form also resembling those of the timoriensis complex A microbat found in semi arid regions of Western Australia from the Goldfields district to the Eyre Peninsula The flight is a agile fluttering patrol as with others of the complex but is also noted as surveying from a perch and taking prey at the ground They favour grasslands such as spinifex and wood or shrublands and mallee habitat They reside in foliage hollows and under bark They have been observed at the Nullarbor National Park in South Australia and Western Australian nature reserves Nuytsland and Dundas 7 References editD E Wilson amp D M Reeder 2005 Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference Third Edition The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore a b c Leach William Elford 1821 IX The Characters of seven Genera of Bats with foliaceous Appendages to the Nose Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13 73 82 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1821 tb00056 x ISSN 1945 9432 Strahan Ronald Conder Pamela 2007 Dictionary of Australian and New Guinean Mammals CSIRO Publishing ISBN 9780643100060 a b Jackson S M Groves C 2015 Taxonomy of Australian Mammals Csiro Publishing p 267 ISBN 9781486300136 a b Tomes R F 1858 A monograph of the genus Nyctophilus Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1858 26 25 37 ISSN 0370 2774 a b c d e Parnaby H E January 2009 A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis Chiroptera Vespertilionidae and some associated taxa Australian Zoologist 35 1 39 81 doi 10 7882 AZ 2009 005 a b c d Genus Nyctophilus Leach 1821 Australian Faunal Directory biodiversity org au Retrieved 20 January 2019 a b c d Andrew D 2015 Complete Guide to Finding the Mammals of Australia CSIRO Publishing p 330 ISBN 9780643098145 Hall L S Woodside D P 1989 42 Vespertilionidae Fauna of Australia Canberra Australian Govt Pub Service ISBN 9780644060561 Richards G C Hall L S Parish S photography 2012 A natural history of Australian bats working the night shift CSIRO Pub ISBN 9780643103740 Johnson D H 1959 Four new mammals from the Northern Territory of Australia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72 183 187 ISSN 0006 324X a b Thomas Oldfield 1915 Notes on the genus Nyctophilus The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Zoology Botany and Geology 8 15 89 493 499 doi 10 1080 00222931508693662 ISSN 0374 5481 Parnaby Harry E King Andrew G Eldridge Mark D B 2021 05 19 A new bat species from southwestern Western Australia previously assigned to Gould s Long eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi Tomes 1858 Records of the Australian Museum Retrieved 2021 06 19 McKean John L 1975 Bats of Lord Howe Island with the description of a new Nyctophiline bat Journal of the Australian Mammal Society 1 4 329 32 Parnaby H E 2002 A new species of long eared bat Nyctophilus Vespertilionidae from New Caledonia Australian Mammalogy 23 2 115 124 doi 10 1071 am01115 ISSN 1836 7402 S2CID 87537165 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nyctophilus amp oldid 1181819304, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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