An ice nucleus, also known as an ice nucleating particle (INP), is a particle which acts as the nucleus for the formation of an ice crystal in the atmosphere.
Ice nucleation mechanisms describe four modes that are responsible for the formation of primary ice crystals in the atmosphere.[clarification needed]
There are a number of mechanisms of ice nucleation in the atmosphere through which ice nuclei can catalyse the formation of ice particles. In the upper troposphere, water vapor can deposit directly onto solid particles. In clouds warmer than about −37 °C where liquid water can persist in a supercooled state, ice nuclei can trigger droplets to freeze.[1]
Contact nucleation can occur if an ice nucleus collides with a supercooled droplet, but the more important mechanism of freezing is when an ice nucleus becomes immersed in a supercooled water droplet and then triggers freezing.
In the absence of an ice nucleating particle, pure water droplets can persist in a supercooled state to temperatures approaching −37 °C where they freeze homogeneously.[2][3][4]
As per Web of Science, the key word "ice nucleation" that appeared under Met Atm Sci and Env Sci categories till Dec 2021 was plotted using number of papers published.
Growth of number of papers with keyword Ice Nucleation
There are several research groups that study ice nucleating properties of atmospheric aerosols (for example see FIN-02 research article by DeMott et al. 2018 or the FIN-02 INP measurement intercomparison study[5]). The ice nucleation research capability is also available through user facility call at EMSL, PNNL.[6]
Cloud dynamicsedit
Ice particles can have a significant effect on cloud dynamics. They are known to be important in the processes by which clouds can become electrified, which causes lightning. They are also known to be able to form the seeds for rain droplets. It has become clear that the concentration of ice nucleating particles in shallow clouds is a key factor in cloud-climate feedbacks.[7][8]
Atmospheric particulate matteredit
Many different types of atmospheric particulate matter can act as ice nuclei, both natural and anthropogenic, including those composed of desert dust, soot, organic matter, bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae), pollen, fungal spores and volcanic ash amongst others.[1][9] However, the exact nucleation potential of each type varies greatly, depending on the exact atmospheric conditions. Very little is known about the spatial distribution of these particles, their overall importance for global climate through ice cloud formation, and whether human activity has played a major role in changing these effects.
^ abMurray; et al. (2012). "Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets". Chem Soc Rev. 41 (19): 6519–6554. doi:10.1039/c2cs35200a. PMID 22932664.
^Kulkarni G (2014). "Ice nucleation of bare and sulfuric acid-coated mineral dust particles and implication for cloud properties". Journal of Geophysical Research. 119 (16): 9993–10011. Bibcode:2014JGRD..119.9993K. doi:10.1002/2014JD021567. S2CID 133885221.
^Koop, T. (March 25, 2004). . Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. 218 (11): 1231–1258. doi:10.1524/zpch.218.11.1231.50812. S2CID 46915879. Archived from the original on 2012-08-11. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
^Murray B (2010). "Homogeneous ice nucleation in water and aqueous solutions". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 12 (35): 10380–10387. Bibcode:2010PCCP...1210380M. doi:10.1039/c003297b. PMID 20577704.
^DeMott, Paul J. (2018-11-19). "The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02): laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 11 (11). Copernicus GmbH: 6231–6257. Bibcode:2018AMT....11.6231D. doi:10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018. ISSN 1867-8548.
^"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory: A DOE Office of Science User Facility". Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
^Murray, Benjamin J.; Carslaw, Kenneth S.; Field, Paul R. (21 August 2020). "Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles". doi:10.5194/acp-2020-852. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Vergara-Temprado, Jesús; Miltenberger, Annette K.; Furtado, Kalli; Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Shipway, Ben J.; Hill, Adrian A.; Wilkinson, Jonathan M.; Field, Paul R.; Murray, Benjamin J.; Carslaw, Ken S. (13 March 2018). "Strong control of Southern Ocean cloud reflectivity by ice-nucleating particles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (11): 2687–2692. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.2687V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721627115. PMC5856555. PMID 29490918.
^Christner BC, Morris CE, Foreman CM, Cai R, Sands DC (2008). "Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall". Science. 319 (5867): 1214. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1214C. CiteSeerX10.1.1.395.4918. doi:10.1126/science.1149757. PMID 18309078. S2CID 39398426.
April 11, 2024
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An ice nucleus also known as an ice nucleating particle INP is a particle which acts as the nucleus for the formation of an ice crystal in the atmosphere Ice nucleation mechanisms describe four modes that are responsible for the formation of primary ice crystals in the atmosphere clarification needed Contents 1 Ice nucleation mechanisms 2 Cloud dynamics 3 Atmospheric particulate matter 4 See also 5 ReferencesIce nucleation mechanisms editThere are a number of mechanisms of ice nucleation in the atmosphere through which ice nuclei can catalyse the formation of ice particles In the upper troposphere water vapor can deposit directly onto solid particles In clouds warmer than about 37 C where liquid water can persist in a supercooled state ice nuclei can trigger droplets to freeze 1 Contact nucleation can occur if an ice nucleus collides with a supercooled droplet but the more important mechanism of freezing is when an ice nucleus becomes immersed in a supercooled water droplet and then triggers freezing In the absence of an ice nucleating particle pure water droplets can persist in a supercooled state to temperatures approaching 37 C where they freeze homogeneously 2 3 4 As per Web of Science the key word ice nucleation that appeared under Met Atm Sci and Env Sci categories till Dec 2021 was plotted using number of papers published nbsp Growth of number of papers with keyword Ice NucleationThere are several research groups that study ice nucleating properties of atmospheric aerosols for example see FIN 02 research article by DeMott et al 2018 or the FIN 02 INP measurement intercomparison study 5 The ice nucleation research capability is also available through user facility call at EMSL PNNL 6 Cloud dynamics editIce particles can have a significant effect on cloud dynamics They are known to be important in the processes by which clouds can become electrified which causes lightning They are also known to be able to form the seeds for rain droplets It has become clear that the concentration of ice nucleating particles in shallow clouds is a key factor in cloud climate feedbacks 7 8 Atmospheric particulate matter editMany different types of atmospheric particulate matter can act as ice nuclei both natural and anthropogenic including those composed of desert dust soot organic matter bacteria e g Pseudomonas syringae pollen fungal spores and volcanic ash amongst others 1 9 However the exact nucleation potential of each type varies greatly depending on the exact atmospheric conditions Very little is known about the spatial distribution of these particles their overall importance for global climate through ice cloud formation and whether human activity has played a major role in changing these effects See also editBergeron process Cloud condensation nuclei Nucleation Snow SupercoolingReferences edit a b Murray et al 2012 Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets Chem Soc Rev 41 19 6519 6554 doi 10 1039 c2cs35200a PMID 22932664 Kulkarni G 2014 Ice nucleation of bare and sulfuric acid coated mineral dust particles and implication for cloud properties Journal of Geophysical Research 119 16 9993 10011 Bibcode 2014JGRD 119 9993K doi 10 1002 2014JD021567 S2CID 133885221 Koop T March 25 2004 Homogeneous ice nucleation in water and aqueous solutions Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 218 11 1231 1258 doi 10 1524 zpch 218 11 1231 50812 S2CID 46915879 Archived from the original on 2012 08 11 Retrieved 2008 04 07 Murray B 2010 Homogeneous ice nucleation in water and aqueous solutions Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 12 35 10380 10387 Bibcode 2010PCCP 1210380M doi 10 1039 c003297b PMID 20577704 DeMott Paul J 2018 11 19 The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 FIN 02 laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11 11 Copernicus GmbH 6231 6257 Bibcode 2018AMT 11 6231D doi 10 5194 amt 11 6231 2018 ISSN 1867 8548 Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory A DOE Office of Science User Facility Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Retrieved 2023 07 13 Murray Benjamin J Carslaw Kenneth S Field Paul R 21 August 2020 Opinion Cloud phase climate feedback and the importance of ice nucleating particles doi 10 5194 acp 2020 852 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Vergara Temprado Jesus Miltenberger Annette K Furtado Kalli Grosvenor Daniel P Shipway Ben J Hill Adrian A Wilkinson Jonathan M Field Paul R Murray Benjamin J Carslaw Ken S 13 March 2018 Strong control of Southern Ocean cloud reflectivity by ice nucleating particles Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 11 2687 2692 Bibcode 2018PNAS 115 2687V doi 10 1073 pnas 1721627115 PMC 5856555 PMID 29490918 Christner BC Morris CE Foreman CM Cai R Sands DC 2008 Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall Science 319 5867 1214 Bibcode 2008Sci 319 1214C CiteSeerX 10 1 1 395 4918 doi 10 1126 science 1149757 PMID 18309078 S2CID 39398426 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ice nucleus amp oldid 1179751787, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
