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Nossis

October 27, 2023

Nossis (Greek: Νοσσίς, fl. c. 300 BC) was a Hellenistic poet from Epizephyrian Locris in Magna Graecia. Probably well-educated and from a noble family, Nossis was influenced by and claimed to rival Sappho. Eleven or twelve of her epigrams survive in the Greek Anthology, making her one of the best-preserved ancient Greek women poets.

Marble bust of Nossis by Francesco Jerace

Life edit

Nossis was from Epizephyrian Locris in Magna Graecia (modern Locri, Calabria).[1] She was probably from a noble family. According to one of her surviving epigrams, her mother was called Theuphilis and her grandmother was Cleocha.[2] Based on her epitaph of the dramatist Rhinthon, she can be dated to the early third century BC.[3] The sophistication of her poetry suggests that she was relatively well-educated.[2]

Work edit

Nossis is one of the best preserved Greek women poets,[4] with twelve four-line epigrams attributed to her included in the Greek Anthology.[3] The authorship of one of these is uncertain – the heading it is given in the Anthology may mean "in the style of Nossis" or "allegedly by Nossis".[5] It is stylistically and metrically similar to Nossis' other poetry, but may be a later imitation.[6] Like other Hellenistic poets, Nossis probably published her epigrams;[7] it is disputed whether they were also inscribed, or were purely literary productions.[8] Two of Nossis' epigrams preserved in the Greek Anthology may have originally been the opening and closing poems of her own collection;[7] these are not inscriptional and would have been composed for the book.[9]

The majority of Nossis' epigrams are about women.[4] One of these poems (preserved as A. P. 5.170) is modeled after Sappho's fragment 16;[12] it may also allude to Sappho fr. 55.[13] Marilyn B. Skinner argues that as well as laying claim to the legacy of Sappho, this poem also rejects the male tradition of lyric poetry represented by Pindar.[14] Meleager of Gadara describes Nossis as a love poet in his Garland, though only one of her surviving epigrams is about love.[15]

Nossis primarily wrote epigrams for religious dedications and epitaphs;[16] four of these are dedications of women's portraits.[17] Her epigrams were inspired by Sappho, whom she claims to rival.[18] She may have also been influenced by Erinna and Anyte.[19]

Reception edit

 
Illustration of Nossis by Lucien Lévy-Dhurmer, from Renée Vivien's Les Kitharèdes

Nossis is not mentioned by later commentators or lexicographers, and does not seem to have entered the Greek literary canon.[20] In the third century BC, Theocritus and Posidippus reference Nossis.[21] She was still known in the first century BC, when Meleager of Gadara included her in his Garland, and in the Augustan period she is one of nine female poets in an epigram by Antipater of Thessalonica.[22] One of her epigrams is parodied by Cillactor, and two of Herodas' Mimes allude to her.[22] Mary Maxwell argues that the style of the Augustan poet Sulpicia imitates the Hellenistic women poets, including Nossis.[23]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Renée Vivien translated the poems of several ancient Greek women into French in Les Kitharèdes, including Nossis; Tama Lea Engelking argues that Vivien was particularly influenced by Nossis' epigram AP 7.718.[24] The imagist poet H. D. was influenced by Nossis,[25] translating her first epigram as part of the poem "Nossis".[26] Judy Chicago included Nossis as part of her Heritage Floor.[27]

References edit

  1. ^ Barnard 1978, p. 204.
  2. ^ a b Natoli, Pitts & Hallett 2022, p. 118.
  3. ^ a b Natoli, Pitts & Hallett 2022, p. 117.
  4. ^ a b Barnard 1978, p. 210.
  5. ^ Plant 2004, p. 66, n. 4.
  6. ^ Skinner 1989, p. 5, n. 1.
  7. ^ a b Bowman 1998, p. 46.
  8. ^ Bowman 1998, n. 55.
  9. ^ Bowman 1998, p. 49.
  10. ^ Nossis 11 G-P = AP 7.718
  11. ^ Natoli, Pitts & Hallett 2022, p. 139.
  12. ^ Barnard 1978, p. 211.
  13. ^ Skinner 1989, p. 9.
  14. ^ Skinner 1989, pp. 10–11.
  15. ^ Plant 2004, p. 64.
  16. ^ Bowman 2004, p. 16.
  17. ^ Bowman 2004, p. 19.
  18. ^ Snyder 1991.
  19. ^ Bowman 2004, p. 20.
  20. ^ Bowman 1998, p. 51.
  21. ^ de Vos 2014, pp. 429–430.
  22. ^ a b Bowman 1998, p. 52.
  23. ^ Maxwell 2002, p. 19.
  24. ^ Engelking 1992, pp. 134–135.
  25. ^ Maxwell 2002, p. 29.
  26. ^ Balmer 2013, p. 126.
  27. ^ Brooklyn Museum.

Works cited edit

  • Balmer, Josephine (2013). Piecing Together the Fragments: Translating Classical Verse, Creating Contemporary Poetry. Oxford University Press.
  • Barnard, Sylvia (1978). "Hellenistic Women Poets". The Classical Journal. 73 (3).
  • Bowman, Laurel (1998). "Nossis, Sappho and Hellenistic Poetry". Ramus. 27 (1).
  • Bowman, Laurel (2004). "The 'Women's Tradition' in Greek Poetry". Phoenix. 58 (1).
  • . Brooklyn Museum. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  • de Vos, Mieke (2014). "From Lesbos She Took Her Honeycomb: Sappho and the 'Female Tradition' in Hellenistic Poetry". In Pieper, Christoph; Ker, James (eds.). Valuing the Past in the Greco-Roman World.
  • Engelking, Tama Lea (1992). "Renée Vivien's Sapphic Legacy: Remembering the "House of Muses"". Atlantis. 18.
  • Maxwell, Mary (2002). "H.D.: Pound's Sulpicia". Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics. 10 (2). JSTOR 20163884.
  • Natoli, Bartolo A.; Pitts, Angela; Hallett, Judith P. (2022). Ancient Women Writers of Greece and Rome. Routledge.
  • Plant, I.M. (2004). Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Skinner, Marilyn B. (1989). "Sapphic Nossis". Arethusa. 22.
  • Snyder, Jane McIntosh (1991). The Women and the Lyre. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Further reading edit

  • Gigante, M. 1974. “Nosside.” PP 29: 22–39.
  • Gow, A. S. F., and D. L. Page, eds. 1965. The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams. 2 vols. Cambridge.
  • Gutzwiller, K. J. 1998. Poetic Garlands: Hellenistic Epigrams in Context. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London.
  • Meyer, D. 2014: “Nossis.” In: B. Zimmermann and A. Rengakos, eds., Handbuch der griechischen Literatur der Antike 2: Die Literatur der klassischen und hellenistischen Zeit. München, 251–253.
  • Skinner, M. B. 1991. “Nossis Thêlyglôssos: The Private Text and the Public Book.” In S. B. Pomeroy, ed., Women’s History and Ancient History. Chapel Hill and London: 20–47.
  • Skinner, M. B. 2001. “Ladies’ Day at the Art Institute: Theocritus, Herodas, and the Gendered Gaze.” In A. Lardinois and L. McClure, eds., Making Silence Speak: Women's Voices in Greek Literature and Society. Princeton, N.J., 201–22.
  • Skinner, Marilyn B. "Aphrodite Garlanded: Erôs and Poetic Creativity in Sappho and Nossis". in Rabinowitz, Nancy Sorkin and Auranger, Lisa. Among Women: From the Homosocial to the Homoerotic in the Ancient World. University of Texas Press, Austin. 2002.

External links edit

  •   Greek Wikisource has original text related to this article: Νοσσίς
  • Text of her 12 surviving epigrams

October 27, 2023
nossis, greek, Νοσσίς, hellenistic, poet, from, epizephyrian, locris, magna, graecia, probably, well, educated, from, noble, family, influenced, claimed, rival, sappho, eleven, twelve, epigrams, survive, greek, anthology, making, best, preserved, ancient, gree. Nossis Greek Nossis fl c 300 BC was a Hellenistic poet from Epizephyrian Locris in Magna Graecia Probably well educated and from a noble family Nossis was influenced by and claimed to rival Sappho Eleven or twelve of her epigrams survive in the Greek Anthology making her one of the best preserved ancient Greek women poets Marble bust of Nossis by Francesco Jerace Contents 1 Life 2 Work 3 Reception 4 References 5 Works cited 6 Further reading 7 External linksLife editNossis was from Epizephyrian Locris in Magna Graecia modern Locri Calabria 1 She was probably from a noble family According to one of her surviving epigrams her mother was called Theuphilis and her grandmother was Cleocha 2 Based on her epitaph of the dramatist Rhinthon she can be dated to the early third century BC 3 The sophistication of her poetry suggests that she was relatively well educated 2 Work editNossis is one of the best preserved Greek women poets 4 with twelve four line epigrams attributed to her included in the Greek Anthology 3 The authorship of one of these is uncertain the heading it is given in the Anthology may mean in the style of Nossis or allegedly by Nossis 5 It is stylistically and metrically similar to Nossis other poetry but may be a later imitation 6 Like other Hellenistic poets Nossis probably published her epigrams 7 it is disputed whether they were also inscribed or were purely literary productions 8 Two of Nossis epigrams preserved in the Greek Anthology may have originally been the opening and closing poems of her own collection 7 these are not inscriptional and would have been composed for the book 9 ὦ 3ein ei tὐ ge pleis potἰ kallixoran Mitylhnan tᾶn Sapfoῦs xaritwn ἄn8os ἐna8somenos eἰpeῖn ὡs Moysaisi filan tῆnᾳ te Lokris gᾶ tikte m ἴsais d ὅti moi toὔnoma Nossἱs ἴ8i 10 Wayfarer if you sail to Mitylene city of beautiful choral dances to draw inspiration from the bloom of Sappho s graces say that the Locrian earth bore me dear to the Muses and to her Having learned that my name is Nossis go 11 The majority of Nossis epigrams are about women 4 One of these poems preserved as A P 5 170 is modeled after Sappho s fragment 16 12 it may also allude to Sappho fr 55 13 Marilyn B Skinner argues that as well as laying claim to the legacy of Sappho this poem also rejects the male tradition of lyric poetry represented by Pindar 14 Meleager of Gadara describes Nossis as a love poet in his Garland though only one of her surviving epigrams is about love 15 Nossis primarily wrote epigrams for religious dedications and epitaphs 16 four of these are dedications of women s portraits 17 Her epigrams were inspired by Sappho whom she claims to rival 18 She may have also been influenced by Erinna and Anyte 19 Reception edit nbsp Illustration of Nossis by Lucien Levy Dhurmer from Renee Vivien s Les KitharedesNossis is not mentioned by later commentators or lexicographers and does not seem to have entered the Greek literary canon 20 In the third century BC Theocritus and Posidippus reference Nossis 21 She was still known in the first century BC when Meleager of Gadara included her in his Garland and in the Augustan period she is one of nine female poets in an epigram by Antipater of Thessalonica 22 One of her epigrams is parodied by Cillactor and two of Herodas Mimes allude to her 22 Mary Maxwell argues that the style of the Augustan poet Sulpicia imitates the Hellenistic women poets including Nossis 23 At the beginning of the twentieth century Renee Vivien translated the poems of several ancient Greek women into French in Les Kitharedes including Nossis Tama Lea Engelking argues that Vivien was particularly influenced by Nossis epigram AP 7 718 24 The imagist poet H D was influenced by Nossis 25 translating her first epigram as part of the poem Nossis 26 Judy Chicago included Nossis as part of her Heritage Floor 27 References edit Barnard 1978 p 204 a b Natoli Pitts amp Hallett 2022 p 118 a b Natoli Pitts amp Hallett 2022 p 117 a b Barnard 1978 p 210 Plant 2004 p 66 n 4 Skinner 1989 p 5 n 1 a b Bowman 1998 p 46 Bowman 1998 n 55 Bowman 1998 p 49 Nossis 11 G P AP 7 718 Natoli Pitts amp Hallett 2022 p 139 Barnard 1978 p 211 Skinner 1989 p 9 Skinner 1989 pp 10 11 Plant 2004 p 64 Bowman 2004 p 16 Bowman 2004 p 19 Snyder 1991 Bowman 2004 p 20 Bowman 1998 p 51 de Vos 2014 pp 429 430 a b Bowman 1998 p 52 Maxwell 2002 p 19 Engelking 1992 pp 134 135 Maxwell 2002 p 29 Balmer 2013 p 126 Brooklyn Museum Works cited editBalmer Josephine 2013 Piecing Together the Fragments Translating Classical Verse Creating Contemporary Poetry Oxford University Press Barnard Sylvia 1978 Hellenistic Women Poets The Classical Journal 73 3 Bowman Laurel 1998 Nossis Sappho and Hellenistic Poetry Ramus 27 1 Bowman Laurel 2004 The Women s Tradition in Greek Poetry Phoenix 58 1 Nossis Brooklyn Museum Archived from the original on 3 June 2023 Retrieved 19 July 2022 de Vos Mieke 2014 From Lesbos She Took Her Honeycomb Sappho and the Female Tradition in Hellenistic Poetry In Pieper Christoph Ker James eds Valuing the Past in the Greco Roman World Engelking Tama Lea 1992 Renee Vivien s Sapphic Legacy Remembering the House of Muses Atlantis 18 Maxwell Mary 2002 H D Pound s Sulpicia Arion A Journal of Humanities and the Classics 10 2 JSTOR 20163884 Natoli Bartolo A Pitts Angela Hallett Judith P 2022 Ancient Women Writers of Greece and Rome Routledge Plant I M 2004 Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome An Anthology Norman University of Oklahoma Press Skinner Marilyn B 1989 Sapphic Nossis Arethusa 22 Snyder Jane McIntosh 1991 The Women and the Lyre Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press Further reading editGigante M 1974 Nosside PP 29 22 39 Gow A S F and D L Page eds 1965 The Greek Anthology Hellenistic Epigrams 2 vols Cambridge Gutzwiller K J 1998 Poetic Garlands Hellenistic Epigrams in Context Berkeley Los Angeles and London Meyer D 2014 Nossis In B Zimmermann and A Rengakos eds Handbuch der griechischen Literatur der Antike 2 Die Literatur der klassischen und hellenistischen Zeit Munchen 251 253 Skinner M B 1991 Nossis Thelyglossos The Private Text and the Public Book In S B Pomeroy ed Women s History and Ancient History Chapel Hill and London 20 47 Skinner M B 2001 Ladies Day at the Art Institute Theocritus Herodas and the Gendered Gaze In A Lardinois and L McClure eds Making Silence Speak Women s Voices in Greek Literature and Society Princeton N J 201 22 Skinner Marilyn B Aphrodite Garlanded Eros and Poetic Creativity in Sappho and Nossis in Rabinowitz Nancy Sorkin and Auranger Lisa Among Women From the Homosocial to the Homoerotic in the Ancient World University of Texas Press Austin 2002 External links edit nbsp Greek Wikisource has original text related to this article Nossis Text of her 12 surviving epigrams Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nossis amp oldid 1181812191, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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