Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests

The Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern New Guinea. ^[2][3][4]

Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
Sago palms (Metroxylon sagu) in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
Realm	Australasian realm
Biome	tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Borders	List Central Range montane rain forests Huon Peninsula montane rain forests New Guinea mangroves Southeast Papuan rain forests Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
Geography
Area	134,543 km^2 (51,947 sq mi)
Countries	Indonesia Papua New Guinea
Provinces	Papua (Indonesia) East Sepik Madang Morobe, Sandaun (Papua New Guinea)
Coordinates	3°55′S 142°19′E / 3.92°S 142.32°E / -3.92; 142.32
Conservation
Conservation status	Relatively stable/intact
Protected	15,323 km² (11%)^[1]

Setting

The Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests extend across the northern lowlands of the island of New Guinea, lying between the New Guinea Central Range to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the north. It extends from the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay in Indonesia's Papua Province east to Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea.^[5]

Several east-west mountain ranges, including the Van Rees Mountains, Foja Mountains, Torricelli Mountains, and Finisterre Mountains, rise from the lowlands; these ranges are home to the distinct Northern New Guinea montane rain forests ecoregion.

The ecoregion is drained by several of New Guinea's large rivers, including the Mamberamo, Sepik, and Ramu, and Markham.

Flora

The plant communities of the ecoregion are diverse. Lowland evergreen rain forest is the most extensive, and includes alluvial forests in the plains, and hill forests in the foothills of the adjacent mountains.^{[citation needed]}

There are extensive freshwater swamp forests in the coastal lowlands and in the Lakes Plains region between the Van Rees-Foja mountains and the Central Range. The swamp forest habitats are diverse, and include grass swamps, swamp savannas, and swamp woodlands and forests dominated by Melaleuca, sago palm (Metroxylon sagu), Pandanus, Campnosperma, and/or Terminalia.^[6]

Fauna

The ecoregion corresponds to the Northern Papuan lowlands Endemic Bird Area. Limited-range and endemic species include the red-breasted paradise kingfisher (Tanysiptera nympha), brown lory (Chalcopsitta duivenbodei), Edwards's fig parrot (Psittaculirostris edwardsii), Salvadori's fig parrot (Psittaculirostris salvadorii), Brass's friarbird (Philemon brassi), white-bellied whistler (Pachycephala leucogastra), brown-headed crow (Corvus fuscicapillus), pale-billed sicklebill (Drepanornis bruijnii), and banded yellow robin (Gennaeodryas placens).^[7]

Conservation and threats

A 2017 assessment found that 15,323 km², or 11%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas.^[1] The largest is Mamberamo Foja Wildlife Reserve, which extends along the Mamberamo River and its tributaries the Tariku and Taritatu from the foothills of the Central Range to the sea, including the Foja Mountains.

External links

• "Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
• World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). . WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.
• Northern Papuan lowlands endemic bird area (BirdLife International)

References

1. Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [1]
2. "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
3. "Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
4. "Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
5. Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC.
6. "Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
7. BirdLife International (2020) "Endemic Bird Areas factsheet: Northern Papuan lowlands." Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/05/2020.