The British No. 69 was a hand grenade developed and used during the Second World War. It was adopted into service due to the need for a grenade with smaller destructive radius than the No. 36M "Mills bomb". This allowed the thrower to use a grenade even when there was little in the way of defensive cover. In contrast, the much greater destructive radius of the Mills bomb than its throwing range forced users to choose their throwing point carefully, in order to ensure that they would not be wounded by the shrapnel explosion of their own grenade.
The shell of the No. 69 grenade was composed entirely of the hard plastic, Bakelite, which shattered without producing fragments like a metal bodied grenade. Metal fragmenting sleeves were available to increase the grenade's lethality.
Using the No. 69 bomb was very simple: the screw-off cap was removed and discarded, and the grenade was then thrown. When the grenade was thrown, a linen tape with a curved lead weight on the end automatically unwrapped in flight, freeing a ball-bearing inside the fuze. In this manner the "all ways" action impact fuze was armed in flight and the grenade exploded on impact;[1] and like the Gammon grenade, which used the same fuze design, it was withdrawn from service soon after the Second World War ended.
The No. 69 was the first British device to make use of the "all-ways fuze" later seen in the No. 82 Gammon bomb, the No. 73 Thermos bomb and the No. 77 smoke grenade. The "all-ways" fuze is an impact-only fuze. The term "all-ways" refers to the fact that all of the possible ways in which the grenade could hit a target were guaranteed to trigger detonation. Normally, impact-detonated munitions must hit the target with a particular point of impact (i.e. perpendicular to the fuze mechanism) in order to detonate. In contrast, no matter which way the No. 69 grenade hit the target (e.g. landing on its base, or sideways or upside down) it would still explode.[2]
The all-ways fuze was composed of a free-floating striker and detonator combination held apart by a weak spring. On top of this assembly was a steel ball bearing pressed against a conical housing by the striker. Any impact in the vertical axis would impart acceleration to either the striker or the detonator, causing the firing pin to contact and ignite the detonator. Any impact in the horizontal axis would cause the ball bearing to follow the slope of the conical housing converting the horizontal acceleration into a vertical one, touching off the detonator as before.
The fuze was worked by the user first unscrewing a plastic cap to expose a long, narrow cloth streamer with a curved lead weight attached to the end. Upon release from the hand or projector the weighted streamer, would catch the air and quickly unwind from the top of the grenade, eventually withdrawing a loose safety pin from the fuze. With the pin removed the striker and detonator would be free to come into contact, which would happen due to the force of impact when the grenade struck a hard surface.
The all-ways fuze had a minor design defect in that the hard steel ball bearing would be propelled away from the explosion as a piece of shrapnel. When used in an "offensive" application such as the No. 69 grenade, where the user was not required to take cover before throwing, there was a chance that the user could be struck and injured by the fast-moving ball bearing.[3] According to military author Ian V. Hogg, this problem led to restrictions in the use of the grenade as practice ordnance.[4]
Markingsedit
A ring of red "X" in the top half between the safety cap and middle indicated that it has a filling suitable for tropical use (humidity).
A green band just under the middle ring indicated an Amatol 80/20 filling.
The white letters "BAR" on the green band indicated a Baratol 20/80 filling.
The white letters "LYD" on the green band indicated a Lyddite filling.
Referencesedit
^Crockett, Thompson S. "Recognition of EXPLOSIVE AND INCENDIARY DEVICES" (PDF).
^. Archived from the original on 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
^"British Hand Grenade No.69, WWI - Inert-Ord.Net".
^Hogg, Ian (1974). Grenades & Mortars. Ballantine Books, p. 47?. ISBN0345237234
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to No 69 hand grenade.
Photo of No 69 grenade
Sectional view showing "all-ways" fuze
Another sectional view of a No 69 grenade
January 01, 1970
grenade, british, hand, grenade, developed, used, during, second, world, adopted, into, service, need, grenade, with, smaller, destructive, radius, than, mills, bomb, this, allowed, thrower, grenade, even, when, there, little, defensive, cover, contrast, much,. The British No 69 was a hand grenade developed and used during the Second World War It was adopted into service due to the need for a grenade with smaller destructive radius than the No 36M Mills bomb This allowed the thrower to use a grenade even when there was little in the way of defensive cover In contrast the much greater destructive radius of the Mills bomb than its throwing range forced users to choose their throwing point carefully in order to ensure that they would not be wounded by the shrapnel explosion of their own grenade British No 69TypeHand grenadePlace of originUnited KingdomService historyIn serviceAugust 1942 1947Production historyDesignedDecember 1940No builtMany thousandsVariantsMk 1SpecificationsMass383 g 13 5 oz Length114 mm 4 5 in Diameter60 mm 2 4 in FillingHigh explosiveFilling weight92 g 3 2 oz DetonationmechanismImpact Externals and internals The shell of the No 69 grenade was composed entirely of the hard plastic Bakelite which shattered without producing fragments like a metal bodied grenade Metal fragmenting sleeves were available to increase the grenade s lethality Using the No 69 bomb was very simple the screw off cap was removed and discarded and the grenade was then thrown When the grenade was thrown a linen tape with a curved lead weight on the end automatically unwrapped in flight freeing a ball bearing inside the fuze In this manner the all ways action impact fuze was armed in flight and the grenade exploded on impact 1 and like the Gammon grenade which used the same fuze design it was withdrawn from service soon after the Second World War ended Contents 1 All ways fuze 2 Markings 3 References 4 External linksAll ways fuze editThe No 69 was the first British device to make use of the all ways fuze later seen in the No 82 Gammon bomb the No 73 Thermos bomb and the No 77 smoke grenade The all ways fuze is an impact only fuze The term all ways refers to the fact that all of the possible ways in which the grenade could hit a target were guaranteed to trigger detonation Normally impact detonated munitions must hit the target with a particular point of impact i e perpendicular to the fuze mechanism in order to detonate In contrast no matter which way the No 69 grenade hit the target e g landing on its base or sideways or upside down it would still explode 2 The all ways fuze was composed of a free floating striker and detonator combination held apart by a weak spring On top of this assembly was a steel ball bearing pressed against a conical housing by the striker Any impact in the vertical axis would impart acceleration to either the striker or the detonator causing the firing pin to contact and ignite the detonator Any impact in the horizontal axis would cause the ball bearing to follow the slope of the conical housing converting the horizontal acceleration into a vertical one touching off the detonator as before The fuze was worked by the user first unscrewing a plastic cap to expose a long narrow cloth streamer with a curved lead weight attached to the end Upon release from the hand or projector the weighted streamer would catch the air and quickly unwind from the top of the grenade eventually withdrawing a loose safety pin from the fuze With the pin removed the striker and detonator would be free to come into contact which would happen due to the force of impact when the grenade struck a hard surface The all ways fuze had a minor design defect in that the hard steel ball bearing would be propelled away from the explosion as a piece of shrapnel When used in an offensive application such as the No 69 grenade where the user was not required to take cover before throwing there was a chance that the user could be struck and injured by the fast moving ball bearing 3 According to military author Ian V Hogg this problem led to restrictions in the use of the grenade as practice ordnance 4 Markings editA ring of red X in the top half between the safety cap and middle indicated that it has a filling suitable for tropical use humidity A green band just under the middle ring indicated an Amatol 80 20 filling The white letters BAR on the green band indicated a Baratol 20 80 filling The white letters LYD on the green band indicated a Lyddite filling References edit Crockett Thompson S Recognition of EXPLOSIVE AND INCENDIARY DEVICES PDF No 247 allways fuze Archived from the original on 2008 09 16 Retrieved 2008 09 08 British Hand Grenade No 69 WWI Inert Ord Net Hogg Ian 1974 Grenades amp Mortars Ballantine Books p 47 ISBN 0345237234External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to No 69 hand grenade Photo of No 69 grenade Sectional view showing all ways fuze Another sectional view of a No 69 grenade Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title No 69 grenade amp oldid 1112348750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
