Nizar ibn Ma'ad ibn Adnan (Arabic: نزار بن معد بن عدنان) was the common ancestor of most of the northern Arab tribes (the Adnanites), according to the Arab genealogical tradition. As a result, the term 'Nizar', or Nizariyya (نزارية), has been used as a loosely defined name for a group of tribes, most commonly the Rabi'a and Mudar tribes, but occasionally extended to include others.
His father is Ma'ad ibn Adnan, while his mother, Mu'ana bint Jahla, hailed from the South Arabian Jurhum tribe.[1] More notable are his four sons, and progenitors of major tribal groupings: Rabi'a, Mudar, Anmar, and Iyad.[1][2] According to the Arab genealogists, Mudar and Iyad were sired by Sawda bint Akk ibn Adnan, and Rabi'a and Anmar by Hadala bint Wa'lan of the Jurhum.[2]
The term Nizar is rarely attested in the pre-Islamic period.[1] It is only after the Battle of Marj Rahit in 684, which cemented the rivalry between "southern" and "northern" Arab tribes, that the term Nizar (Banu Nizar or Nizariyya) begins to appear frequently, being used as an ethnic and political marker, contrasting with the southern "Yemeni" (Yamaniyya) or "Qahtanite" (Banu Qahtan) tribes.[3] The term Ibna Nizar (lit.'the two sons of Nizar') was applied to the two large "northern" tribal groups of Rabi'a and Mudar, who were previously considered as unrelated. The tribes claiming descent from Iyad or Anmar, who in some sources were regarded as sons of Ma'ad, were only rarely considered part of the Nizari tribes.[1] The term remained vague and malleable, however: attempts were made to reclassify the Banu Kalb, originally of "southern" origin, as descendants of Nizar, since they were among the most important supporters of the "Nizari" Umayyad dynasty.[3]
As the linguist and historian Giorgio Levi Della Vida writes, "it is evident that we cannot speak of Nizar as a tribe which had a real historical existence nor, as is the case with the Ma'add, as a comprehensive term indicating an effective grouping together of a number of tribes of different origin. Nizar is simply a fictitious invention, a label intended to serve political interests".[4]
nizar, adnan, arabic, نزار, بن, معد, بن, عدنان, common, ancestor, most, northern, arab, tribes, adnanites, according, arab, genealogical, tradition, result, term, nizar, nizariyya, نزارية, been, used, loosely, defined, name, group, tribes, most, commonly, rabi. Nizar ibn Ma ad ibn Adnan Arabic نزار بن معد بن عدنان was the common ancestor of most of the northern Arab tribes the Adnanites according to the Arab genealogical tradition As a result the term Nizar or Nizariyya نزارية has been used as a loosely defined name for a group of tribes most commonly the Rabi a and Mudar tribes but occasionally extended to include others Nizar ibn Ma ad ibn Adnanنزار بن معد بن عدنانBornArabiaDiedArabiaBurialArabiaIssueMudar Rabi a Iyad AnmarFatherMa ad ibn AdnanMotherMu ana bint Jahla Jurhum tribeFamily tree from Adnan to Muhammad Contents 1 Ancestry 1 1 Family tree 2 Tribal label 3 References 4 SourcesAncestry editHis father is Ma ad ibn Adnan while his mother Mu ana bint Jahla hailed from the South Arabian Jurhum tribe 1 More notable are his four sons and progenitors of major tribal groupings Rabi a Mudar Anmar and Iyad 1 2 According to the Arab genealogists Mudar and Iyad were sired by Sawda bint Akk ibn Adnan and Rabi a and Anmar by Hadala bint Wa lan of the Jurhum 2 Family tree edit Ma ad ibn AdnanMu ana bint JahlaQuda aNizarIyadMudarRabi aIyadAnmarTribal label editThe term Nizar is rarely attested in the pre Islamic period 1 It is only after the Battle of Marj Rahit in 684 which cemented the rivalry between southern and northern Arab tribes that the term Nizar Banu Nizar or Nizariyya begins to appear frequently being used as an ethnic and political marker contrasting with the southern Yemeni Yamaniyya or Qahtanite Banu Qahtan tribes 3 The term Ibna Nizar lit the two sons of Nizar was applied to the two large northern tribal groups of Rabi a and Mudar who were previously considered as unrelated The tribes claiming descent from Iyad or Anmar who in some sources were regarded as sons of Ma ad were only rarely considered part of the Nizari tribes 1 The term remained vague and malleable however attempts were made to reclassify the Banu Kalb originally of southern origin as descendants of Nizar since they were among the most important supporters of the Nizari Umayyad dynasty 3 As the linguist and historian Giorgio Levi Della Vida writes it is evident that we cannot speak of Nizar as a tribe which had a real historical existence nor as is the case with the Ma add as a comprehensive term indicating an effective grouping together of a number of tribes of different origin Nizar is simply a fictitious invention a label intended to serve political interests 4 References edit a b c d Levi Della Vida 1995 p 82 a b Kindermann 1995 p 352 a b Levi Della Vida 1995 pp 82 83 Levi Della Vida 1995 p 83 Sources editKindermann H 1995 Rabiʾa and Muḍar In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Lecomte G eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume VIII Ned Sam 2nd ed Leiden E J Brill pp 352 354 ISBN 978 90 04 09834 3 Levi Della Vida Giorgio 1995 Nizar b Maʾadd In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Lecomte G eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume VIII Ned Sam 2nd ed Leiden E J Brill pp 82 83 ISBN 978 90 04 09834 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nizar ibn Ma 27ad amp oldid 1136836804, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
