In cellular neuroscience, Nissl bodies (also called Nissl granules, Nissl substance or tigroid substance) are discrete granular structures in neurons that consist of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a collection of parallel, membrane-bound cisternae studded with ribosomes on the cytosolic surface of the membranes.[1] Nissl bodies were named after Franz Nissl, a German neuropathologist who invented the staining method bearing his name (Nissl staining).[2][3] The term "Nissl bodies" generally refers to discrete clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in nerve cells. Masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in some non-neuronal cells, where they are referred to as ergastoplasm, basophilic bodies,[1] or chromophilic substance.[4] While these organelles differ in some ways from Nissl bodies in neurons,[5] large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum are generally linked to the copious production of proteins.[1]
Photomicrograph of Nissl bodies (two are indicated by arrows) in the cytoplasm of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord; cresyl violet stain (purple) along with a luxol fast blue stain for myelin. Scale bar = 30 microns (0.03mm).Drawing of a motor neuron from the ventral horn of the medulla spinals of a rabbit. The angular and spindle-shaped Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm are well shown.
"Nissl stains" refers to various basic dyes that selectively label negatively charged molecules such as DNA and RNA. Because ribosomes are rich in ribosomal RNA, they are strongly basophilic ("base-loving"). The dense accumulation of membrane-bound and free ribosomes in Nissl bodies results in their intense coloration by Nissl stains, allowing them to be seen with a light microscope.[1]
Size and distributionedit
Nissl bodies occur in the somata and dendrites of neurons, though not in the axon or axon hillock.[6] They vary in size, shape, and intracellular location; they are most conspicuous in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, where they appear as large, blocky assemblies.[5] In other neurons, they may be smaller, and in some (such as the granule neurons of the cerebellar cortex) very little rough endoplasmic reticulum is present.[5] The pattern of coloration with Nissl stains once was used to classify neurons.[5] For various reasons, this practice has largely ceased, but specific neuronal types do manifest characteristic types of Nissl bodies.[5]
Functional roleedit
The functions of Nissl bodies are thought to be the same as those of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in general, primarily the synthesis and segregation of proteins.[1][2] Similar to the ergastoplasm of glandular cells, Nissl bodies are the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm.[5] The ultrastructure of Nissl bodies suggests they are primarily concerned with the synthesis of proteins for intracellular use.[7]
Pathologyedit
Nissl bodies show changes under various physiological conditions and in pathological conditions such as axonotmesis, during which they may dissolve and largely disappear (chromatolysis). If the neuron is successful in repairing the damage, the Nissl bodies gradually reappear and return to their characteristic distribution within the cell.[5]
^ abRichard H. Thompson (29 March 2000). The Brain: A Neuroscience Primer. Macmillan. pp. 35–. ISBN978-0-7167-3226-6. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
^Da Mota Gomes M (2019). "Franz Nissl (1860-1919), noted neuropsychiatrist and neuropathologist, staining the neuron, but not limiting it". Dementia & Neuropsychologia. 13 (3): 352–355. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-030014. PMC6753910.
^Fawcett, Don W. (1966). The Cell: Its Organelles and Inclusions. W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN0-7216-3585-7.
^ abcdefgPeters A, Palay SL, Webster Hd (1991). The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-506571-9.
^Wolfgang Kühnel (2003). Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy. Thieme. pp. 182–. ISBN978-3-13-562404-4. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
^T. Herdegen; J. Delgado-Garcia (25 May 2005). Brain Damage and Repair: From Molecular Research to Clinical Therapy. Springer. pp. 37–. ISBN978-1-4020-1892-3. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Histology image: 04103loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Nervous Tissue and Neuromuscular Junction: spinal cord, cell bodies of anterior horn cells"
Histology at anhb.uwa.edu.au
Tissues containing Nissl bodies at harvard.edu
December 18, 2023
nissl, body, cellular, neuroscience, nissl, bodies, also, called, nissl, granules, nissl, substance, tigroid, substance, discrete, granular, structures, neurons, that, consist, rough, endoplasmic, reticulum, collection, parallel, membrane, bound, cisternae, st. In cellular neuroscience Nissl bodies also called Nissl granules Nissl substance or tigroid substance are discrete granular structures in neurons that consist of rough endoplasmic reticulum a collection of parallel membrane bound cisternae studded with ribosomes on the cytosolic surface of the membranes 1 Nissl bodies were named after Franz Nissl a German neuropathologist who invented the staining method bearing his name Nissl staining 2 3 The term Nissl bodies generally refers to discrete clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in nerve cells Masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in some non neuronal cells where they are referred to as ergastoplasm basophilic bodies 1 or chromophilic substance 4 While these organelles differ in some ways from Nissl bodies in neurons 5 large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum are generally linked to the copious production of proteins 1 Photomicrograph of Nissl bodies two are indicated by arrows in the cytoplasm of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord cresyl violet stain purple along with a luxol fast blue stain for myelin Scale bar 30 microns 0 03mm Drawing of a motor neuron from the ventral horn of the medulla spinals of a rabbit The angular and spindle shaped Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm are well shown Contents 1 Staining 2 Size and distribution 3 Functional role 4 Pathology 5 References 6 External linksStaining edit Nissl stains refers to various basic dyes that selectively label negatively charged molecules such as DNA and RNA Because ribosomes are rich in ribosomal RNA they are strongly basophilic base loving The dense accumulation of membrane bound and free ribosomes in Nissl bodies results in their intense coloration by Nissl stains allowing them to be seen with a light microscope 1 Size and distribution editNissl bodies occur in the somata and dendrites of neurons though not in the axon or axon hillock 6 They vary in size shape and intracellular location they are most conspicuous in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem where they appear as large blocky assemblies 5 In other neurons they may be smaller and in some such as the granule neurons of the cerebellar cortex very little rough endoplasmic reticulum is present 5 The pattern of coloration with Nissl stains once was used to classify neurons 5 For various reasons this practice has largely ceased but specific neuronal types do manifest characteristic types of Nissl bodies 5 Functional role editThe functions of Nissl bodies are thought to be the same as those of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in general primarily the synthesis and segregation of proteins 1 2 Similar to the ergastoplasm of glandular cells Nissl bodies are the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm 5 The ultrastructure of Nissl bodies suggests they are primarily concerned with the synthesis of proteins for intracellular use 7 Pathology editNissl bodies show changes under various physiological conditions and in pathological conditions such as axonotmesis during which they may dissolve and largely disappear chromatolysis If the neuron is successful in repairing the damage the Nissl bodies gradually reappear and return to their characteristic distribution within the cell 5 References edit a b c d e Junqueira LC Carniero J Kelley RO 1995 Basic Histology Appleton amp Lange ISBN 0 8385 0567 8 a b Richard H Thompson 29 March 2000 The Brain A Neuroscience Primer Macmillan pp 35 ISBN 978 0 7167 3226 6 Retrieved 4 January 2013 Da Mota Gomes M 2019 Franz Nissl 1860 1919 noted neuropsychiatrist and neuropathologist staining the neuron but not limiting it Dementia amp Neuropsychologia 13 3 352 355 doi 10 1590 1980 57642018dn13 030014 PMC 6753910 Fawcett Don W 1966 The Cell Its Organelles and Inclusions W B Saunders Company ISBN 0 7216 3585 7 a b c d e f g Peters A Palay SL Webster Hd 1991 The Fine Structure of the Nervous System Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 506571 9 Wolfgang Kuhnel 2003 Color Atlas of Cytology Histology and Microscopic Anatomy Thieme pp 182 ISBN 978 3 13 562404 4 Retrieved 4 January 2013 T Herdegen J Delgado Garcia 25 May 2005 Brain Damage and Repair From Molecular Research to Clinical Therapy Springer pp 37 ISBN 978 1 4020 1892 3 Retrieved 4 January 2013 External links edit nbsp Media related to Nissl stain at Wikimedia Commons Nissl Bodies at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Histology image 04103loa Histology Learning System at Boston University Nervous Tissue and Neuromuscular Junction spinal cord cell bodies of anterior horn cells Histology at anhb uwa edu au Tissues containing Nissl bodies at harvard edu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nissl body amp oldid 1171739308, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
