He was a colleague of Charles Desormes, with whom he conducted the Clément-Desormes experiment. The two chemists are also credited with determining an accurate value of gamma in the gas law (see Equation of state) that relates the heat capacity of air when expanded at constant pressure vs. constant temperature. They also conducted research on iodine and played a role in determining that it was an element. This research eventually led others to invent the process of photography, and Clément-Desormes is recognized as a contributor in the early history of that industry. Among their accomplishments was establishing a value for absolute zero.
Clément married Desormes' daughter and adopted the family surname as Clément-Desormes.
Careeredit
Professor Clément held one of the first chairs in chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris. He taught a course in industrial chemistry that emphasized the thermodynamics of steam in relation to powering steam engines.[1] In about 1819, he befriended Sadi Carnot, and the two men developed methods for calculating the maximum amount of energy that could be obtained from a kg of coal. Clément and Carnot clearly understood the concept of a Mechanical equivalent of heat, and developed formulae for calculating energy efficiency almost 20 years before Mayer and Joule's work on this subject in the 1840s.[2] Evidence concerning the connection between Clément and Carnot is summarized in a book by the historian, Robert Fox.[3] and in an article on the history of the calorie.[4]
Clément was the first man known to define and utilize the Calorie as a unit of heat. The definition was published in the journal, Le Producteur, in 1824. His calorie was a kg-calorie (modern kcal), and his definition entered French dictionaries as early as 1842. One of his lasting influences was to help the calorie enter the international lexicon. It was defined as heating a kg of water by 1 degree C until about 1929, but was superseded when a committee of the British Academy of Sciences proposed the g-calorie as an alternate unit of energy (with the newly defined joule taking precedence). This marked the beginning of "calorie confusion" because the kilocalorie had to be introduced as a unit in the m-kg-s system. Thus, the reason that U.S. food labels describe food energy in calories can be traced to Nicolas Clément-Desormes' lectures of 1819–1824.
Clément-Desormes was a successful young industrialist who was owner or partner in several chemical companies, including one that made sugar from beets. He was sought after as an industrial consultant. Some speculate that his sudden death was brought on by a business disagreement concerning payments that were owed to him for successful introduction of a profitable process.
Referencesedit
^Lervig, Philip (1985). "Sadi Carnot and the Steam Engine: Nicolas Clément's lectures on Industrial Chemistry 1823-28". The British Journal for the History of Science. 18 (2): 147–196. doi:10.1017/s000708740002210x. JSTOR 4026329. S2CID 96056045.
^Hargrove, James L. (2006-12-01). "History of the Calorie in Nutrition". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (12): 2957–2961. doi:10.1093/jn/136.12.2957. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 17116702.
^Fox, R. Reflexions on the Motive Power of Fire, A Critical Edition. Manchester University Press, 1986.
^Hargrove, James L. (2007-12-17). "Does the history of food energy units suggest a solution to "Calorie confusion"?". Nutrition Journal. 6: 44. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-44. ISSN 1475-2891. PMC2238749. PMID 18086303.
nicolas, clément, january, 1779, november, 1841, french, physicist, chemist, grave, père, lachaise, cemeteryborn12, january, 1779dijon, francedied21, november, 1841, 1841, aged, paris, franceoccupation, chemistphysicisthe, colleague, charles, desormes, with, w. Nicolas Clement 12 January 1779 21 November 1841 was a French physicist and chemist Nicolas ClementGrave at Pere Lachaise CemeteryBorn12 January 1779Dijon FranceDied21 November 1841 1841 11 21 aged 62 Paris FranceOccupation s ChemistPhysicistHe was a colleague of Charles Desormes with whom he conducted the Clement Desormes experiment The two chemists are also credited with determining an accurate value of gamma in the gas law see Equation of state that relates the heat capacity of air when expanded at constant pressure vs constant temperature They also conducted research on iodine and played a role in determining that it was an element This research eventually led others to invent the process of photography and Clement Desormes is recognized as a contributor in the early history of that industry Among their accomplishments was establishing a value for absolute zero Contents 1 Marriage 2 Career 3 References 4 See alsoMarriage editClement married Desormes daughter and adopted the family surname as Clement Desormes Career editProfessor Clement held one of the first chairs in chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris He taught a course in industrial chemistry that emphasized the thermodynamics of steam in relation to powering steam engines 1 In about 1819 he befriended Sadi Carnot and the two men developed methods for calculating the maximum amount of energy that could be obtained from a kg of coal Clement and Carnot clearly understood the concept of a Mechanical equivalent of heat and developed formulae for calculating energy efficiency almost 20 years before Mayer and Joule s work on this subject in the 1840s 2 Evidence concerning the connection between Clement and Carnot is summarized in a book by the historian Robert Fox 3 and in an article on the history of the calorie 4 Clement was the first man known to define and utilize the Calorie as a unit of heat The definition was published in the journal Le Producteur in 1824 His calorie was a kg calorie modern kcal and his definition entered French dictionaries as early as 1842 One of his lasting influences was to help the calorie enter the international lexicon It was defined as heating a kg of water by 1 degree C until about 1929 but was superseded when a committee of the British Academy of Sciences proposed the g calorie as an alternate unit of energy with the newly defined joule taking precedence This marked the beginning of calorie confusion because the kilocalorie had to be introduced as a unit in the m kg s system Thus the reason that U S food labels describe food energy in calories can be traced to Nicolas Clement Desormes lectures of 1819 1824 Clement Desormes was a successful young industrialist who was owner or partner in several chemical companies including one that made sugar from beets He was sought after as an industrial consultant Some speculate that his sudden death was brought on by a business disagreement concerning payments that were owed to him for successful introduction of a profitable process References edit Lervig Philip 1985 Sadi Carnot and the Steam Engine Nicolas Clement s lectures on Industrial Chemistry 1823 28 The British Journal for the History of Science 18 2 147 196 doi 10 1017 s000708740002210x JSTOR 4026329 S2CID 96056045 Hargrove James L 2006 12 01 History of the Calorie in Nutrition The Journal of Nutrition 136 12 2957 2961 doi 10 1093 jn 136 12 2957 ISSN 0022 3166 PMID 17116702 Fox R Reflexions on the Motive Power of Fire A Critical Edition Manchester University Press 1986 Hargrove James L 2007 12 17 Does the history of food energy units suggest a solution to Calorie confusion Nutrition Journal 6 44 doi 10 1186 1475 2891 6 44 ISSN 1475 2891 PMC 2238749 PMID 18086303 See also editGas laws Iodine Calorie Category Thermodynamics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolas Clement amp oldid 1188061756, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
