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Neumann U 47

January 15, 2024

The Neumann U 47 is a large-diaphragm condenser microphone. It is one of the most famous studio microphones and was Neumann's first microphone after the Second World War. The original series, manufactured by Georg Neumann GmbH between 1949 and 1965, employed a tube design; early U 47s used the M 7 capsule, then replaced by the K 47 from 1958. Units produced before 1950 were distributed by Telefunken and bear the Telefunken logo.[1]

The original tube edition of Neumann U 47

Since Telefunken ceased production of VF 14 tubes in 1957, the U 47 was discontinued in 1965 and followed by the U 47 FET in 1969; it employed the same capsule (K 47) and a similar head grille but used solid-state circuitry (discrete op-amps). Intended to recreate the sound of the original U 47, it enjoyed only limited success; however, the U 47 FET, being able to handle high-pressure levels, became popular among recording engineers as a bass drum microphone, and it is also appreciated as a brass, double bass, and guitar amp microphone. Neumann manufactured the U 47 FET between 1969 and 1986 and reissued it in 2014.[2][3]

The Neumann U 47 is regarded as one of several all-time preferred tube recording microphones ("The Big Five").[4] Its desirability is based primarily on the synergy of its three sound-shaping components: capsule, tube, transformer. The U47 was especially popular in US studios. Frank Sinatra owned his own U 47;[5] Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Tony Bennett and the Beatles also used it. According to the microphone manufacturer John Peluso, "it's hard to find an album recorded in the 1950s or 1960s that didn't have a U 47 on it; the Beatles used the mic’ for almost every track they sang from 1962 through 1970".[6]

History edit

Original series edit

According to Oliver Archut, the U 47 was first presented at the Berlin Radio Show (Berliner Funkausstellung) in 1947 as a prototype; the first documented commercial sale of the microphone (with serial number 72), according to Klaus Heyne of German Masterworks, occurred in December 1949.[1]

The original U 47 used the M 7 capsule, which was similar to the capsule developed initially for the Neumann CMV 3 microphone designed in the late 1920s ("Neumann bottle"). Since PVC membranes deteriorate and dry out with age, in 1958 the M 7 capsule was replaced by the K 47 (sometimes referred to as the K 47/49) which had a similar acoustic design as the M 7 but used membranes made of age-resistant biaxially oriented PET film.

The U 47's circuitry was based on the Telefunken VF 14 M vacuum tube (the suffix "M" indicates a low noise valve, suitable for use in microphones)[7] and the GN8/BV8 transformer from Triad Transformers;[8] for export to the American market, the GN8 transformer was replaced in the late 1950s with the GN8b which featured lower output. According to the German expert Andreas Grosser, at least five different output transformers were used within the U 47.[1]

The VF 14 was a pentode made exclusively by Telefunken for Neumann from 1946 to 1957; the discontinuation of the U 47 was caused primarily by the decision by Telefunken to halt production of the VF 14, and Neumann eventually depleting its stock of VF 14 tubes.[1] To simulate the discontinued and obsolete VF 14 pentode, custom tubes and solid-state tube emulations have been manufactured specifically for the U 47 by Telefunken[9][10] and others. Beginning in 1962, Neumann offered a direct plug-in replacement kit ("AR 47") for the VF 14 featuring the Nuvistor 13 CW 4, which required minor power supply modification.

The original U 47 was the first switchable pattern condenser microphone[11] (cardioid or omnidirectional). This functionality was achieved by disabling the polarization voltage to the rear of the diaphragm of the microphone capsule.[1]

Successors: U 48, U 67 and U 47 FET edit

 
U 87 (left), Neumann's classic of the 1980s and successor of the U 67, with the modern U 47 FET (right).

The U 48, introduced by Neumann late 1957,[12] was identical to the U 47 except for the available polar patterns (cardioid and figure of eight instead of cardioid and omnidirectional). The Beatles' producer George Martin used the U 48 extensively in the group's recordings at Abbey Road Studios, London. As a successor to the U 47, Neumann introduced the U 67 (employing a Telefunken EF 86 tube) in 1960.[13]

The U 47 FET, the solid-state version introduced by Neumann in 1969, was less appreciated as a vocal microphone but became ubiquitous in studios as a bass drum microphone. Used on the outside of the bass drum, in conjunction with a primary bass drum microphone (which would usually be placed on the inside, or close to the inside of a bass drum or a bass drum head), it would make a complete bass drum sound.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Neumann U 47". recordinghacks.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  2. ^ "Neumann reissue U47 FET". Press release reported on Sound on Sound. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  3. ^ Robjohns, Hugh (July 2015). "Neumann U47 FET". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  4. ^ Heyne, Klaus (2009). The vintage microphone handbook. Milwaukee, Wis.: Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-1-4234-5447-2. OCLC 258094223.
  5. ^ Buskin, Richard (December 2012). "Classic Tracks: Frank Sinatra "I've Got You Under My Skin"". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  6. ^ Lyden, Jacki (20 April 2008). "Couple's Custom Microphones Carry Colorful Past". NPR.org. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  7. ^ Styles, Ashley C. "RV-14m design and construction". www.saturn-sound.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  8. ^ "Pearlman Church: TM-1 & TM-2 tube mics".
  9. ^ TELEFUNKEN Elektroakustik introduces the VF14K
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  11. ^ . en-de.neumann.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  12. ^ Roessler, Anselm (2003). Neumann: the microphone company. Bergkirchen: PPVMedien. ISBN 3-932275-68-3. OCLC 56072213.
  13. ^ "Neumann U 67". recordinghacks.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

External links edit

  • Official website: U 47 and U 47 FET
  • Detailed photos and schematic

January 15, 2024
neumann, large, diaphragm, condenser, microphone, most, famous, studio, microphones, neumann, first, microphone, after, second, world, original, series, manufactured, georg, neumann, gmbh, between, 1949, 1965, employed, tube, design, early, used, capsule, then. The Neumann U 47 is a large diaphragm condenser microphone It is one of the most famous studio microphones and was Neumann s first microphone after the Second World War The original series manufactured by Georg Neumann GmbH between 1949 and 1965 employed a tube design early U 47s used the M 7 capsule then replaced by the K 47 from 1958 Units produced before 1950 were distributed by Telefunken and bear the Telefunken logo 1 The original tube edition of Neumann U 47Since Telefunken ceased production of VF 14 tubes in 1957 the U 47 was discontinued in 1965 and followed by the U 47 FET in 1969 it employed the same capsule K 47 and a similar head grille but used solid state circuitry discrete op amps Intended to recreate the sound of the original U 47 it enjoyed only limited success however the U 47 FET being able to handle high pressure levels became popular among recording engineers as a bass drum microphone and it is also appreciated as a brass double bass and guitar amp microphone Neumann manufactured the U 47 FET between 1969 and 1986 and reissued it in 2014 2 3 The Neumann U 47 is regarded as one of several all time preferred tube recording microphones The Big Five 4 Its desirability is based primarily on the synergy of its three sound shaping components capsule tube transformer The U47 was especially popular in US studios Frank Sinatra owned his own U 47 5 Ella Fitzgerald Louis Armstrong Bing Crosby Tony Bennett and the Beatles also used it According to the microphone manufacturer John Peluso it s hard to find an album recorded in the 1950s or 1960s that didn t have a U 47 on it the Beatles used the mic for almost every track they sang from 1962 through 1970 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Original series 1 2 Successors U 48 U 67 and U 47 FET 2 References 3 External linksHistory editOriginal series edit According to Oliver Archut the U 47 was first presented at the Berlin Radio Show Berliner Funkausstellung in 1947 as a prototype the first documented commercial sale of the microphone with serial number 72 according to Klaus Heyne of German Masterworks occurred in December 1949 1 The original U 47 used the M 7 capsule which was similar to the capsule developed initially for the Neumann CMV 3 microphone designed in the late 1920s Neumann bottle Since PVC membranes deteriorate and dry out with age in 1958 the M 7 capsule was replaced by the K 47 sometimes referred to as the K 47 49 which had a similar acoustic design as the M 7 but used membranes made of age resistant biaxially oriented PET film The U 47 s circuitry was based on the Telefunken VF 14 M vacuum tube the suffix M indicates a low noise valve suitable for use in microphones 7 and the GN8 BV8 transformer from Triad Transformers 8 for export to the American market the GN8 transformer was replaced in the late 1950s with the GN8b which featured lower output According to the German expert Andreas Grosser at least five different output transformers were used within the U 47 1 The VF 14 was a pentode made exclusively by Telefunken for Neumann from 1946 to 1957 the discontinuation of the U 47 was caused primarily by the decision by Telefunken to halt production of the VF 14 and Neumann eventually depleting its stock of VF 14 tubes 1 To simulate the discontinued and obsolete VF 14 pentode custom tubes and solid state tube emulations have been manufactured specifically for the U 47 by Telefunken 9 10 and others Beginning in 1962 Neumann offered a direct plug in replacement kit AR 47 for the VF 14 featuring the Nuvistor 13 CW 4 which required minor power supply modification The original U 47 was the first switchable pattern condenser microphone 11 cardioid or omnidirectional This functionality was achieved by disabling the polarization voltage to the rear of the diaphragm of the microphone capsule 1 Successors U 48 U 67 and U 47 FET edit nbsp U 87 left Neumann s classic of the 1980s and successor of the U 67 with the modern U 47 FET right The U 48 introduced by Neumann late 1957 12 was identical to the U 47 except for the available polar patterns cardioid and figure of eight instead of cardioid and omnidirectional The Beatles producer George Martin used the U 48 extensively in the group s recordings at Abbey Road Studios London As a successor to the U 47 Neumann introduced the U 67 employing a Telefunken EF 86 tube in 1960 13 The U 47 FET the solid state version introduced by Neumann in 1969 was less appreciated as a vocal microphone but became ubiquitous in studios as a bass drum microphone Used on the outside of the bass drum in conjunction with a primary bass drum microphone which would usually be placed on the inside or close to the inside of a bass drum or a bass drum head it would make a complete bass drum sound References edit a b c d e Neumann U 47 recordinghacks com Retrieved 30 October 2020 Neumann reissue U47 FET Press release reported on Sound on Sound 10 October 2014 Retrieved 31 March 2020 Robjohns Hugh July 2015 Neumann U47 FET Sound on Sound Retrieved 31 March 2020 Heyne Klaus 2009 The vintage microphone handbook Milwaukee Wis Hal Leonard ISBN 978 1 4234 5447 2 OCLC 258094223 Buskin Richard December 2012 Classic Tracks Frank Sinatra I ve Got You Under My Skin Sound on Sound Retrieved 31 March 2020 Lyden Jacki 20 April 2008 Couple s Custom Microphones Carry Colorful Past NPR org Retrieved 30 October 2020 Styles Ashley C RV 14m design and construction www saturn sound com Retrieved 30 October 2020 Pearlman Church TM 1 amp TM 2 tube mics TELEFUNKEN Elektroakustik introduces the VF14K Telefunken TELEFUNKEN U47M EF14 Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 Retrieved 6 April 2012 History en de neumann com Archived from the original on 15 January 2016 Retrieved 30 October 2020 Roessler Anselm 2003 Neumann the microphone company Bergkirchen PPVMedien ISBN 3 932275 68 3 OCLC 56072213 Neumann U 67 recordinghacks com Retrieved 30 October 2020 External links editOfficial website U 47 and U 47 FET Detailed photos and schematic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neumann U 47 amp oldid 1181074488, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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