Usenet was originally designed based on the UUCP network, with most article transfers taking place over direct point-to-point telephone links between news servers, which were powerful time-sharing systems. Readers and posters logged into these computers reading the articles directly from the local disk.
As local area networks and Internet participation proliferated, it became desirable to allow newsreaders to be run on personal computers connected to local networks. The resulting protocol was NNTP, which resembled the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) but was tailored for exchanging newsgroup articles.
A newsreader, also known as a news client, is a software application that reads articles on Usenet, either directly from the news server's disks or via the NNTP.
The well-known TCP port 119 is reserved for NNTP. Well-known TCP port 433 (NNSP) may be used when doing a bulk transfer of articles from one server to another. When clients connect to a news server with Transport Layer Security (TLS), TCP port 563 is often used. This is sometimes referred to as NNTPS. Alternatively, a plain-text connection over port 119 may be changed to use TLS via the STARTTLS command.
In October 2006, the IETF released RFC 3977, which updates NNTP and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977. At the same time, the IETF also released RFC 4642, which specifies the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) via NNTP over STARTTLS.
During an abortive attempt to update the NNTP standard in the early 1990s, a specialized form of NNTP intended specifically for use by clients, NNRP,[clarification needed] was proposed.[citation needed] This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted in InterNetNews's (INN) nnrpd program. As a result, the subset of standard NNTP commands useful to clients is sometimes still referred to as "NNRP".
network, news, transfer, protocol, confused, with, network, time, protocol, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introdu. Not to be confused with Network Time Protocol NTP This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message The Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP is an application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles netnews between news servers and for reading posting articles by the end user client applications Brian Kantor of the University of California San Diego and Phil Lapsley of the University of California Berkeley wrote RFC 977 the specification for the Network News Transfer Protocol in March 1986 Other contributors included Stan O Barber from the Baylor College of Medicine and Erik Fair of Apple Computer Usenet was originally designed based on the UUCP network with most article transfers taking place over direct point to point telephone links between news servers which were powerful time sharing systems Readers and posters logged into these computers reading the articles directly from the local disk As local area networks and Internet participation proliferated it became desirable to allow newsreaders to be run on personal computers connected to local networks The resulting protocol was NNTP which resembled the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP but was tailored for exchanging newsgroup articles A newsreader also known as a news client is a software application that reads articles on Usenet either directly from the news server s disks or via the NNTP The well known TCP port 119 is reserved for NNTP Well known TCP port 433 NNSP may be used when doing a bulk transfer of articles from one server to another When clients connect to a news server with Transport Layer Security TLS TCP port 563 is often used This is sometimes referred to as NNTPS Alternatively a plain text connection over port 119 may be changed to use TLS via the STARTTLS command In October 2006 the IETF released RFC 3977 which updates NNTP and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977 At the same time the IETF also released RFC 4642 which specifies the use of Transport Layer Security TLS via NNTP over STARTTLS Contents 1 Network News Reader Protocol 2 NNTP server software 3 See also 4 External linksNetwork News Reader Protocol editDuring an abortive attempt to update the NNTP standard in the early 1990s a specialized form of NNTP intended specifically for use by clients NNRP clarification needed was proposed citation needed This protocol was never completed or fully implemented but the name persisted in InterNetNews s INN nnrpd program As a result the subset of standard NNTP commands useful to clients is sometimes still referred to as NNRP NNTP server software editLeafnode InterNetNews C News Apache James Synchronet yProxy DIABLO a backbone news transit system designed to replace INND on backbone machines See also editList of Usenet newsreadersExternal links editKantor Brian and Phil Lapsley RFC 977 Network News Transfer Protocol A Proposed Standard for the Stream Based Transmission of News 1986 Horton Mark and R Adams RFC 1036 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages 1987 Barber Stan et al RFC 2980 Common NNTP Extensions 2000 IETF nntpext Working Group Feather Clive RFC 3977 Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP 2006 Murchison K J Vinocur and C Newman RFC 4642 Using Transport Layer Security TLS with Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP 2006 Usenet server programs at Curlie Public News Servers at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Network News Transfer Protocol amp oldid 1182704310, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
