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Arthuret

March 19, 2024

Arthuret is a civil parish in Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,434, increasing to 2,471 at the 2011 census.[1] The parish includes the town of Longtown and the village of Easton. It is bounded by the River Esk to the west and the River Lyne to the south.

Arthuret church from Woodland Edge

Etymology edit

The interpretation of the name Arthuret has presented problems. The name can possibly be associated with the battle of Armterid recorded in the mid-10th century Welsh Annales Cambriae as having taken place in c. 573; Armterid (spelt Arfderydd in Modern Welsh) is composed of arm-, perhaps meaning "arms, weapon" (arf in Modern Welsh, borrowed ultimately from Latin arma, "arms, armour") – or perhaps an Old Welsh cognate of Old Irish airm meaning 'place' – and a second element terid "ardent, fierce; flaming, blazing; fast, nimble, swift" (terydd in Modern Welsh, a loan from Latin torridus, "scorched, parched, burned"). However, "...it seems safer to leave the interpretation of ' Armterid' an open question."[2]

Arthurian connections edit

The site of the church overlooks a suggested site of the Battle of Arfderydd, fought in 573 A.D., mention of which appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Vita Merlini and also in the Annales Cambriae (written c1100 A.D. where it appears as 'Bellum armterid'). The battle took place very early in the reign of the King of Strathclyde, Rhydderch Hael, (patron of St. Kentigern, and Myrddin's supposed brother-in-law), between the Warlord Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and his cousins Peredur and Gwrgi, Princes of either Ebrauc (modern York), or possibly from Gwynedd. In this battle, Gwenddoleu lost his life, and it is not known if one of his brothers, Nudd and Caw, survived to succeed him as king of Arfderydd afterwards.

In this battle Myrddin killed his nephew (by his sister Gwenddydd, wife of King Rhydderch Hael), who was fighting on the opposing side. This act drove Myrddin mad and he spent the rest of his life roaming the Forests of Celyddon (Glennie 1869). 140 other men of rank suffered battle-madness and perished in these woods (Rich & Begg 1991).

In the Black Book of Carmarthen is recorded a poem which takes the form of a dialogue between Myrddin and the Welsh bard Taliesin (Skene 1988); it records how Myrddin wore a gold torque and tells of his grief at the death of King Gwenddolau. The battle is said to have lasted six weeks and three hundred men were killed and buried nearby. It was one of the three futile battles of Britain, fought over a lark's nest.

Arthuret Church edit

 
Arthuret Church, south of Longtown.

St Michael and All Angels' Church is situated a mile or so to the south of Longtown, to the west of the A7 and overlooking the River Esk.

The church tower stones are unusual in that many of them have masons' marks which are clearly visible. This church was built as a result of a national fundraising ordered by James I and VI in 1607 because the existing church had been frequently devastated by Scots reivers/raiders,[3] and to benefit the parishioners who were mainly rejecting Christ's teachings. (James also employed more direct methods of improving the morals of the area, hanging notable reivers from both sides of the Border and deporting the Grahams of the Esk valley en masse to Ireland.[4]) Part of the sum was stolen and this delayed the construction of the new church.

A holy well is located on the edge of the mound. It is a well-built structure, with stone canopy and steps. It was still used for baptisms until the 1970s.

The current clergyman of the church is the Reverend Brett Murphy.

Netherby Hall edit

 
Aerial view of Netherby Hall, Cumbria

Netherby Hall, the historic home of the Graham family, is a Grade II* listed mansion.[5] It stands upon the site of the Roman fort of Castra Exploratorum.[6] Its nucleus is a 15th-century pele tower, extended or altered in 1639 for Sir Richard Graham and enclosed by extensive later additions to the house (in the late 18th century), with further extensions taking place in 1833 for Sir James Graham l by William Burn.[7] The original pele tower is thought to have been built with stone from the Roman fort,[7] but the remains of the fort and its vicus noted by Tudor antiquarians have been obliterated by the later extensions of the Hall.[6]

In October 1592 the Scottish rebel Earl of Bothwell, his wife Margaret Douglas, and the Laird of Burleigh stayed at Netherby with Walter Graham and played cards and football.[8]

The Netherby Estate, owned by the Graham family for 400 years, extends over a large area of the parish along the Scottish border. A Gothick folly known as the Coop House was probably built about 1772 as an adornment to the estate. Coop House is now leased by the Landmark Trust.

Since 2014, the Estate has been owned by Gerald and Margo Smith.[9] A restoration of the stables and walled garden[10] that commenced in 2016 was completed. As of 2023, holiday lets were available "above the stables, in the garden bothies and lodge cottages".[11]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  2. ^ Armstrong, A. M.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F. M.; Dickens, B. (1950). The place-names of Cumberland. English Place-Name Society, vol.xx. Vol. Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–52.
  3. ^ Hyde, Mathew & Pevsner, Nikolaus (2010). The Buildings of England: Cumbria Cumberland, Westmorland and Furness. New Haven CT: Yale University Press. p. 118. ISBN 9780300126631.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Fraser, George MacDonald (1986). "Malefactors of the name of Graham". The Steel Bonnets. London: Collins Harvill. pp. 366–373. ISBN 0002727463.
  5. ^ "Netherby Hall, Arthuret". British Listed Buildings online.
  6. ^ a b Historic England. "Castra Exploratorum Roman Fort (10855)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  7. ^ a b Historic England. "Netherby Hall (10864)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  8. ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 1 (London, 1894), p. 415.
  9. ^ "Restoring Netherby Hall". Netherby Hall. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  10. ^ "Netherby Hall". Historic Houses. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  11. ^ "Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house… and a very 21st century future". Country Life. 19 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.

Bibliography edit

  • Begg, Ean & Rich, Deike (1991). On the Trail of Merlin. ISBN 0-85030-939-5
  • Glennie, John S. Stuart (1869). Arthurian Localities. Pub. Edinburgh. P.68.
  • Mack, James Logan (1926). The Border Line. Pub. Oliver and Boyd. P.51.
  • W. F. Skene.(ed. Derek Bryce) (1988) Arthur and the Britons in Wales and Scotland : Llanerch Enterprises. Lampeter, Dyfed. 1988,ISBN 0-947992-23-5.

External links edit

  • Cumbria County History Trust: Arthuret (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)


55°01′N 02°55′W / 55.017°N 2.917°W / 55.017; -2.917

March 19, 2024
arthuret, civil, parish, cumbria, england, according, 2001, census, population, increasing, 2011, census, parish, includes, town, longtown, village, easton, bounded, river, west, river, lyne, south, church, from, woodland, edge, contents, etymology, arthurian,. Arthuret is a civil parish in Cumbria England According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2 434 increasing to 2 471 at the 2011 census 1 The parish includes the town of Longtown and the village of Easton It is bounded by the River Esk to the west and the River Lyne to the south Arthuret church from Woodland Edge Contents 1 Etymology 2 Arthurian connections 3 Arthuret Church 4 Netherby Hall 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksEtymology editThe interpretation of the name Arthuret has presented problems The name can possibly be associated with the battle of Armterid recorded in the mid 10th century Welsh Annales Cambriae as having taken place in c 573 Armterid spelt Arfderydd in Modern Welsh is composed of arm perhaps meaning arms weapon arf in Modern Welsh borrowed ultimately from Latin arma arms armour or perhaps an Old Welsh cognate of Old Irish airm meaning place and a second element terid ardent fierce flaming blazing fast nimble swift terydd in Modern Welsh a loan from Latin torridus scorched parched burned However it seems safer to leave the interpretation of Armterid an open question 2 Arthurian connections editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The site of the church overlooks a suggested site of the Battle of Arfderydd fought in 573 A D mention of which appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth s Vita Merlini and also in the Annales Cambriae written c1100 A D where it appears as Bellum armterid The battle took place very early in the reign of the King of Strathclyde Rhydderch Hael patron of St Kentigern and Myrddin s supposed brother in law between the Warlord Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and his cousins Peredur and Gwrgi Princes of either Ebrauc modern York or possibly from Gwynedd In this battle Gwenddoleu lost his life and it is not known if one of his brothers Nudd and Caw survived to succeed him as king of Arfderydd afterwards In this battle Myrddin killed his nephew by his sister Gwenddydd wife of King Rhydderch Hael who was fighting on the opposing side This act drove Myrddin mad and he spent the rest of his life roaming the Forests of Celyddon Glennie 1869 140 other men of rank suffered battle madness and perished in these woods Rich amp Begg 1991 In the Black Book of Carmarthen is recorded a poem which takes the form of a dialogue between Myrddin and the Welsh bard Taliesin Skene 1988 it records how Myrddin wore a gold torque and tells of his grief at the death of King Gwenddolau The battle is said to have lasted six weeks and three hundred men were killed and buried nearby It was one of the three futile battles of Britain fought over a lark s nest Arthuret Church edit nbsp Arthuret Church south of Longtown St Michael and All Angels Church is situated a mile or so to the south of Longtown to the west of the A7 and overlooking the River Esk The church tower stones are unusual in that many of them have masons marks which are clearly visible This church was built as a result of a national fundraising ordered by James I and VI in 1607 because the existing church had been frequently devastated by Scots reivers raiders 3 and to benefit the parishioners who were mainly rejecting Christ s teachings James also employed more direct methods of improving the morals of the area hanging notable reivers from both sides of the Border and deporting the Grahams of the Esk valley en masse to Ireland 4 Part of the sum was stolen and this delayed the construction of the new church A holy well is located on the edge of the mound It is a well built structure with stone canopy and steps It was still used for baptisms until the 1970s The current clergyman of the church is the Reverend Brett Murphy Netherby Hall edit nbsp Aerial view of Netherby Hall CumbriaNetherby Hall the historic home of the Graham family is a Grade II listed mansion 5 It stands upon the site of the Roman fort of Castra Exploratorum 6 Its nucleus is a 15th century pele tower extended or altered in 1639 for Sir Richard Graham and enclosed by extensive later additions to the house in the late 18th century with further extensions taking place in 1833 for Sir James Graham l by William Burn 7 The original pele tower is thought to have been built with stone from the Roman fort 7 but the remains of the fort and its vicus noted by Tudor antiquarians have been obliterated by the later extensions of the Hall 6 In October 1592 the Scottish rebel Earl of Bothwell his wife Margaret Douglas and the Laird of Burleigh stayed at Netherby with Walter Graham and played cards and football 8 The Netherby Estate owned by the Graham family for 400 years extends over a large area of the parish along the Scottish border A Gothick folly known as the Coop House was probably built about 1772 as an adornment to the estate Coop House is now leased by the Landmark Trust Since 2014 the Estate has been owned by Gerald and Margo Smith 9 A restoration of the stables and walled garden 10 that commenced in 2016 was completed As of 2023 holiday lets were available above the stables in the garden bothies and lodge cottages 11 See also edit nbsp Cumbria portalListed buildings in ArthuretReferences edit Parish population 2011 Retrieved 24 June 2015 Armstrong A M Mawer A Stenton F M Dickens B 1950 The place names of Cumberland English Place Name Society vol xx Vol Part 1 Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 51 52 Hyde Mathew amp Pevsner Nikolaus 2010 The Buildings of England Cumbria Cumberland Westmorland and Furness New Haven CT Yale University Press p 118 ISBN 9780300126631 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Fraser George MacDonald 1986 Malefactors of the name of Graham The Steel Bonnets London Collins Harvill pp 366 373 ISBN 0002727463 Netherby Hall Arthuret British Listed Buildings online a b Historic England Castra Exploratorum Roman Fort 10855 Research records formerly PastScape Retrieved 9 March 2013 a b Historic England Netherby Hall 10864 Research records formerly PastScape Retrieved 16 March 2013 Joseph Bain Calendar of Border Papers vol 1 London 1894 p 415 Restoring Netherby Hall Netherby Hall Retrieved 25 February 2023 Netherby Hall Historic Houses Retrieved 25 February 2023 Netherby Hall Cumbria Roman foundations a 16th century tower a Georgian house and a very 21st century future Country Life 19 February 2023 Retrieved 25 February 2023 Bibliography editBegg Ean amp Rich Deike 1991 On the Trail of Merlin ISBN 0 85030 939 5 Glennie John S Stuart 1869 Arthurian Localities Pub Edinburgh P 68 Mack James Logan 1926 The Border Line Pub Oliver and Boyd P 51 W F Skene ed Derek Bryce 1988 Arthur and the Britons in Wales and Scotland Llanerch Enterprises Lampeter Dyfed 1988 ISBN 0 947992 23 5 External links editCumbria County History Trust Arthuret nb provisional research only see Talk page 55 01 N 02 55 W 55 017 N 2 917 W 55 017 2 917 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arthuret amp oldid 1210022810, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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