Neolecta is a genus of ascomycetous fungi. The species share the English designation "Earth tongues" along with some better-known fungi (e.g. Geoglossum, Microglossum) with a similar general form, but in fact they are only distantly related.
Neolecta is the only genus belonging to the family Neolectaceae, which is the only family belonging to the order Neolectales. Neolectales, in turn, is the only order belonging to the class Neolectomycetes, which belongs to the subdivision Taphrinomycotina of the Ascomycota.[4]
Fruiting bodies take the shape of unbranched to lobed bright yellowish, orangish to pale yellow-green colored, club-shaped, smooth, fleshy columns up to about 7 centimetres (3 inches) tall.[1][5]
Neolecta fruitbodies consist of hyphae and a hymenium. The hymenium lacks paraphyses and the asci lack croziers, which makes the genus distinctive among other earth-tongues.[1][5]Neolecta vitellina forms masses of conidia by budding, hinting at the possibility that it also produces a yeast state.[1]
Neolecta does not have any close relatives. Phylogenetically, it clusters weakly with a bizarre group of basal Ascomycota[4][7] including: Taphrina, a dimorphic, half yeast, half filamentous genus parasitic on leaves, branches, and catkins; Schizosaccharomyces, a genus of fission yeasts (e.g. Schizosaccharomyces pombe); and Pneumocystis, a yeast-like genus of mammalian parasites. To date, the genus has been unculturable, suggesting it is either obligately parasitic or symbiotic. It provides important evidence for the evolutionary history of the Ascomycota and has been called a living fossil.[8]
The genome of N. irregularis has been sequenced.[9] Sequence analysis has revealed that rudimentary multicellularity is deeply rooted in the Ascomycota.
Distribution and habitatedit
Neolecta is found in Asia, Northern Europe, North America, and southern Brazil.[5] The species all live in association with trees, and at least one, N. vitellina, grows from rootlets of its host,[10] but it is not known whether the fungus is parasitic, saprotrophic, or mutualistic.[5] It is said to be edible.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeRedhead SA (1977). "The genus Neolecta (Neolectaceae fam. nov., Lecanorales, Ascomycetes) in Canada". Canadian Journal of Botany. 55 (3): 301–6. doi:10.1139/b77-041.
^Landvik S.; et al. (1993). "Relationships of the genus Neolecta (Neolectales ordo nov., Ascomycotina) inferred from 18S rDNA sequences" (PDF). Systema Ascomycetum. 11: 114.
^Eriksson OE, Winka K (1997). "Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota". Myconet. 1: 1–16.
^ abLutzoni F, Kauff F, Cox CJ, McLaughlin D, Celio G, Dentinger B, Padamsee M, Hibbett D, James TY, Baloch E, Grube M, Reeb V, Hofstetter V, Schoch C, Arnold AE, Miadlikowska J, Spatafora J, Johnson D, Hambleton S, Crockett M, Shoemaker R, Sung GH, Lücking R, Lumbsch T, O'Donnell K, Binder M, Diederich P, Ertz D, Gueidan C, Hansen K, Harris RC, Hosaka K, Lim YW, Matheny B, Nishida H, Pfister D, Rogers J, Rossman A, Schmitt I, Sipman H, Stone J, Sugiyama J, Yahr R, Vilgalys R (2004). "Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1446–80. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446. PMID 21652303.
^ abcdLandvik S, Schumacher TK, Eriksson OE, Moss ST (2003). "Morphology and ultrastructure of Neolecta species". Mycological Research. 107 (9): 1021–31. doi:10.1017/S0953756203008219. PMID 14563128.
^Landvik S. (1996). "Neolecta, a fruit-body-producing genus of the basal ascomycetes, as shown by SSU and LSU rDNA sequences". Mycological Research. 100 (2): 199–202. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80122-5.
^Landvik S, Eriksson E, Berbee ML (2001). "Neolecta—a fungal dinosaur? Evidence from β-tubulin amino acid sequences". Mycologia. Mycological Society of America. 93 (6): 1151–63. doi:10.2307/3761675. JSTOR 3761675.
^Nguyen, T.A.; Cisse, O.H.; Yun Wong, J.; Zheng, P.; Hewitt, D.; Nowrousian, M.; Stajich, J.E.; Jedd, G. (2017). "Innovation and constraint leading to complex multicellularity in the Ascomycota". Nat Commun. 8: 14444. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814444N. doi:10.1038/ncomms14444. PMC5309816. PMID 28176784.
^Redhead SA (1979). "Mycological observations: 1, on Cristulariella; 2, on Valdensinia; 3, on Neolecta". Mycologia. Mycological Society of America. 71 (6): 1248–53. doi:10.2307/3759112. JSTOR 3759112.
neolecta, genus, ascomycetous, fungi, species, share, english, designation, earth, tongues, along, with, some, better, known, fungi, geoglossum, microglossum, with, similar, general, form, fact, they, only, distantly, related, irregularisscientific, classifica. Neolecta is a genus of ascomycetous fungi The species share the English designation Earth tongues along with some better known fungi e g Geoglossum Microglossum with a similar general form but in fact they are only distantly related NeolectaNeolecta irregularisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaSubdivision TaphrinomycotinaClass NeolectomycetesO E Erikss amp Winka 1997 3 Order NeolectalesLandvik O E Erikss Gargas amp P Gustaffs 1993 2 Family NeolectaceaeRedhead 1977 1 Genus NeolectaSpeg 1881SpeciesNeolecta flavovirescens Neolecta irregularis Irregular Earth Tongue Neolecta vitellina N aurantiaca Egg yellow Earth Tongue Neolecta is the only genus belonging to the family Neolectaceae which is the only family belonging to the order Neolectales Neolectales in turn is the only order belonging to the class Neolectomycetes which belongs to the subdivision Taphrinomycotina of the Ascomycota 4 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Similar species 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 References 5 External linksDescription editFruiting bodies take the shape of unbranched to lobed bright yellowish orangish to pale yellow green colored club shaped smooth fleshy columns up to about 7 centimetres 3 inches tall 1 5 Neolecta fruitbodies consist of hyphae and a hymenium The hymenium lacks paraphyses and the asci lack croziers which makes the genus distinctive among other earth tongues 1 5 Neolecta vitellina forms masses of conidia by budding hinting at the possibility that it also produces a yeast state 1 Similar species edit Species of the genus may resemble those of Clavulinopsis and Spathularia 6 Taxonomy editNeolecta does not have any close relatives Phylogenetically it clusters weakly with a bizarre group of basal Ascomycota 4 7 including Taphrina a dimorphic half yeast half filamentous genus parasitic on leaves branches and catkins Schizosaccharomyces a genus of fission yeasts e g Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Pneumocystis a yeast like genus of mammalian parasites To date the genus has been unculturable suggesting it is either obligately parasitic or symbiotic It provides important evidence for the evolutionary history of the Ascomycota and has been called a living fossil 8 The genome of N irregularis has been sequenced 9 Sequence analysis has revealed that rudimentary multicellularity is deeply rooted in the Ascomycota Distribution and habitat editNeolecta is found in Asia Northern Europe North America and southern Brazil 5 The species all live in association with trees and at least one N vitellina grows from rootlets of its host 10 but it is not known whether the fungus is parasitic saprotrophic or mutualistic 5 It is said to be edible 1 References edit a b c d e Redhead SA 1977 The genus Neolecta Neolectaceae fam nov Lecanorales Ascomycetes in Canada Canadian Journal of Botany 55 3 301 6 doi 10 1139 b77 041 Landvik S et al 1993 Relationships of the genus Neolecta Neolectales ordo nov Ascomycotina inferred from 18S rDNA sequences PDF Systema Ascomycetum 11 114 Eriksson OE Winka K 1997 Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota Myconet 1 1 16 a b Lutzoni F Kauff F Cox CJ McLaughlin D Celio G Dentinger B Padamsee M Hibbett D James TY Baloch E Grube M Reeb V Hofstetter V Schoch C Arnold AE Miadlikowska J Spatafora J Johnson D Hambleton S Crockett M Shoemaker R Sung GH Lucking R Lumbsch T O Donnell K Binder M Diederich P Ertz D Gueidan C Hansen K Harris RC Hosaka K Lim YW Matheny B Nishida H Pfister D Rogers J Rossman A Schmitt I Sipman H Stone J Sugiyama J Yahr R Vilgalys R 2004 Assembling the fungal tree of life progress classification and evolution of subcellular traits American Journal of Botany 91 10 1446 80 doi 10 3732 ajb 91 10 1446 PMID 21652303 a b c d Landvik S Schumacher TK Eriksson OE Moss ST 2003 Morphology and ultrastructure of Neolecta species Mycological Research 107 9 1021 31 doi 10 1017 S0953756203008219 PMID 14563128 Audubon 2023 Mushrooms of North America New York Knopf p 22 ISBN 978 0 593 31998 7 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint date and year link Landvik S 1996 Neolecta a fruit body producing genus of the basal ascomycetes as shown by SSU and LSU rDNA sequences Mycological Research 100 2 199 202 doi 10 1016 S0953 7562 96 80122 5 Landvik S Eriksson E Berbee ML 2001 Neolecta a fungal dinosaur Evidence from b tubulin amino acid sequences Mycologia Mycological Society of America 93 6 1151 63 doi 10 2307 3761675 JSTOR 3761675 Nguyen T A Cisse O H Yun Wong J Zheng P Hewitt D Nowrousian M Stajich J E Jedd G 2017 Innovation and constraint leading to complex multicellularity in the Ascomycota Nat Commun 8 14444 Bibcode 2017NatCo 814444N doi 10 1038 ncomms14444 PMC 5309816 PMID 28176784 Redhead SA 1979 Mycological observations 1 on Cristulariella 2 on Valdensinia 3 on Neolecta Mycologia Mycological Society of America 71 6 1248 53 doi 10 2307 3759112 JSTOR 3759112 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neolecta nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Neolecta George Barron s mushroom illustrations Palaeos Introduction to the Ascomycota The Oregon Coalition of Interdisciplinary Databases Archiascomycetes Early Diverging Ascomycetes Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neolecta amp oldid 1206130609, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
