Neba'a Faour, Tell Neba'a Faour, Mashna'et el Faour, Neba Faour or Nebaa Faour is a large, low-lying archaeologicaltell mound in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon inhabited in the late 7th and early 6th millennium BC. It was initially discovered by Lorraine Copeland and Peter J. Wescombe in 1965 near the road from Beirut to Damascus, 5 miles from the border with Syria.[1] The site was mainly composed of soil and pebbles on limestone bedrock, the site showed heavy erosion since it was abandoned and recent damage from modern construction in the area. It has been suggested as an example of an aceramic stage following the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) that is called the Pre-Pottery Neolithic C (PPNC); sites of comparable culture are Tell Ramad, Labwe and others in the Byblos region.[2] It is generally dated between the second half of the 7th millennium and the beginning of the 6th millennium BC.[3]
Most of the material recovered from this open cast site came from surface finds along with a 7 feet (2.1 m) to 8 feet (2.4 m) core of Neolithic deposits.[4]Neolithic levels revealed evidence of stone-wall footings and a series of distinctive cream, lime-plaster floors. Black, beige or brown flint was knapped at the site, and tools recovered included numerous scrapers, cores for blades, Byblos- and Amouq-point arrowheads, javelins, sickle blade elements, burins and borers.[5][6] Lebanese sites of this date usually reveal heavy tools, but only two hand axes were recovered at this site.[7] A stone bowl with a fine bead rim was also found.
The site is notable for finds of a type of precursor to claypottery called "White Ware", or "Vaisselle Blanche". This was made with a type of lime plaster mixed with grey ashes, which when fired it turned into a hardened, white material that resembles limestone. Vessels were formed by coiling the plaster around baskets. Fragments of large vessels were found that are thought to have been used like "portable silos".[8][9]
Referencesedit
^Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon. Imprimerie Catholique. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^Copeland, Lorraine, "Neolithic Village Sites in the South Beqaa Lebanon", Melanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut Lebanon) Volume 45, (Pages 83-114), 1969.
^Gopher, A., Sixth-fifth millennia B.C. settlements in the Coastal Plain, Israel., pp.55-63, Paleorient, Volume 19, 1993.
^Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 192–198.
^Mellart, James, The Neolithic of the Near East, p. 64, Scribner, 1975.
^Dornermann, Rudolph Henry, A Neolithic village at Tell el Kowm in the Syrian Desert, p. 58, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1986.
^Haïdar-Boustani, Maya. "Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte Proche-Oriental", Annales d'hitoire et d'archéologie p. 22, (Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut) Vol. 12-13, 2001-2002, ISSN 1729-6927
^Dineley, Merryn., Barley Malt and Ale in the Neolithic, M. Phil Thesis submitted to University of Manchester, Department of Art History and Archaeology, 1999.
^Evin, Jacques & Hours, Francis, Chronologies du Proche Orient, Parts 1-2, pp. 405 & 424, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), B.A.R., 1987.
neba, faour, tell, mashna, faour, neba, faour, nebaa, faour, large, lying, archaeological, tell, mound, bekaa, valley, lebanon, inhabited, late, early, millennium, initially, discovered, lorraine, copeland, peter, wescombe, 1965, near, road, from, beirut, dama. Neba a Faour Tell Neba a Faour Mashna et el Faour Neba Faour or Nebaa Faour is a large low lying archaeological tell mound in the Bekaa Valley Lebanon inhabited in the late 7th and early 6th millennium BC It was initially discovered by Lorraine Copeland and Peter J Wescombe in 1965 near the road from Beirut to Damascus 5 miles from the border with Syria 1 The site was mainly composed of soil and pebbles on limestone bedrock the site showed heavy erosion since it was abandoned and recent damage from modern construction in the area It has been suggested as an example of an aceramic stage following the Pre Pottery Neolithic B PPNB that is called the Pre Pottery Neolithic C PPNC sites of comparable culture are Tell Ramad Labwe and others in the Byblos region 2 It is generally dated between the second half of the 7th millennium and the beginning of the 6th millennium BC 3 Neba a FaourLocationBeqaa Valley LebanonTypeTellPart ofSettlementHistoryMaterialLimestone Soil PebblesFoundedc 8200 6200 BCPeriodsPPNB NeolithicSite notesExcavation dates1965ArchaeologistsLorraine Copeland P J WescombeConditionruinsPublic accessYesMaterials recovered editMost of the material recovered from this open cast site came from surface finds along with a 7 feet 2 1 m to 8 feet 2 4 m core of Neolithic deposits 4 Neolithic levels revealed evidence of stone wall footings and a series of distinctive cream lime plaster floors Black beige or brown flint was knapped at the site and tools recovered included numerous scrapers cores for blades Byblos and Amouq point arrowheads javelins sickle blade elements burins and borers 5 6 Lebanese sites of this date usually reveal heavy tools but only two hand axes were recovered at this site 7 A stone bowl with a fine bead rim was also found The site is notable for finds of a type of precursor to clay pottery called White Ware or Vaisselle Blanche This was made with a type of lime plaster mixed with grey ashes which when fired it turned into a hardened white material that resembles limestone Vessels were formed by coiling the plaster around baskets Fragments of large vessels were found that are thought to have been used like portable silos 8 9 References edit Lorraine Copeland P Wescombe 1965 Inventory of Stone Age sites in Lebanon Imprimerie Catholique Retrieved 15 March 2011 Copeland Lorraine Neolithic Village Sites in the South Beqaa Lebanon Melanges de l Universite Saint Joseph Beirut Lebanon Volume 45 Pages 83 114 1969 Gopher A Sixth fifth millennia B C settlements in the Coastal Plain Israel pp 55 63 Paleorient Volume 19 1993 Moore A M T 1978 The Neolithic of the Levant Oxford University Unpublished Ph D Thesis pp 192 198 Mellart James The Neolithic of the Near East p 64 Scribner 1975 Dornermann Rudolph Henry A Neolithic village at Tell el Kowm in the Syrian Desert p 58 Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago 1986 Haidar Boustani Maya Le Neolithique du Liban dans le contexte Proche Oriental Annales d hitoire et d archeologie p 22 Universite Saint Joseph Beirut Vol 12 13 2001 2002 ISSN 1729 6927 Dineley Merryn Barley Malt and Ale in the Neolithic M Phil Thesis submitted to University of Manchester Department of Art History and Archaeology 1999 Evin Jacques amp Hours Francis Chronologies du Proche Orient Parts 1 2 pp 405 amp 424 Centre national de la recherche scientifique France B A R 1987 nbsp Lebanon portal nbsp History portal nbsp Asia portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neba 27a Faour amp oldid 1147213919, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
