National intranet

A national intranet is an Internet protocol-based walled garden network maintained by a nation state as a national substitute for the global Internet, with the aim of controlling and monitoring the communications of its inhabitants, as well as restricting their access to outside media.^[1] Other names have been used, such as the use of the term "halal internet" in Islamic countries.

Such networks generally come with access to state-controlled media and national alternatives to foreign-run Internet services: search engines, web-based email, and so forth.^[2]

List of countries with national intranets

Myanmar

Burma before 2011 used to have a separate intranet for domestic use called Myanmar Wide Web.^[3]

Cuba

Cuba has its own state controlled intranet called national web.^[4][5][6][7]

North Korea

See also: Internet censorship in North Korea and Kwangmyong (network)

North Korea's Kwangmyong network, dating back to 2000, is the best-known of this type of network. Cuba and Myanmar also use a similar network system that is separated from the rest of the Internet.^[8] The network uses domain names under the .kp top level domain that are not accessible from the global Internet.^[9] As of 2016 the network uses IPv4 addresses reserved for private networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range.^[9]

Russia

In 2020 Russia tested internal internet known as RuNet (Internet in Russian Federation territory).^[10]

Iran

See also: Internet censorship in Iran and National Information Network

The National Information Network of Iran works like the Great Firewall of China.^[11][12][13] In April 2011, a senior Iranian official, Ali Agha-Mohammadi announced government plans to launch its own "halal internet", which would conform to Islamic values and provide "appropriate" services.^[14] Creating such a network, similar to the North Korean example, would prevent unwanted information from outside Iran getting into the closed system.^[8] The Iranian walled garden would have its own localized email service and search engine.^[15]

See also

• Internet censorship by country
• Intranet
• Surveillance state
• Splinternet

References

1. "The Great Firewall of China". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
2. "Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact". the Guardian. 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
3. Deibert, Ronald; Palfrey, John; Rohozinski, Rafal; Zittrain, Jonathan (2008-01-25). Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-29072-2.
4. Scola, Nancy. "Wait, Cuba has its own Internet?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
5. "Cuba - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
6. "More Cubans have local intranet, mobile phones". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
7. Harrison Jacobs (Sep 6, 2018). "Is there internet in Cuba?". Business Insider. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
8. Christopher Rhoads and Farnaz Fassihi (May 28, 2011). "Iran Vows to Unplug Internet". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
9. Mäkeläinen, Mika (14 May 2016). "Yle Pohjois-Koreassa: Kurkista suljetun maan omaan tietoverkkoon" [Yle in North Korea: Peek into the Network of the Closed Country] (in Finnish). Yle. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
10. "Russia Takes a Big Step Toward Internet Isolation". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
11. "Iran To Work With China To Create National Internet System". www.rferl.org. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
12. Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Freedom on the Net 2018 - Iran". Refworld. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
13. "What You Need to Know about Internet Censorship in Iran". Centre for International Governance Innovation. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
14. "Iran clamps down on Internet use", Saeed Kamali Dehghan, The Guardian, 5 January 2012
15. Ryan Paul (April 10, 2012). "Iran moving ahead with plans for national intranet". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2012-09-24.