The National Unity Committee (Turkish: Milli Birlik Komitesi, MBK) was a military committee formed following the 1960 Turkish coup d'état. It dissolved with the 1961 general election.
Between 1950 and 1960, the ruling party in Turkey was Democrat Party (DP). Towards 1960, Turkey faced political corruption and economic crises, in which the Turkish currency was devalued from ₺ 2.80 to ₺ 9.00 for US$1.00.[1] Rise in commodity prices and scarcity of imported industrial goods caused unrest, and consequently political support for the DP decreased while it increased for the opposition, especially for the Republican People's Party (CHP). The DP government tried to suppress a revival of the CHP banning public activities of the CHP. In 1959, İsmet İnönü, the leader of the CHP, was assaulted at rallies by DP sympathizers in Uşak on May 1 and in Istanbul on May 4.[2][3] The press was set under heavy censorship. Many journalists, including popular columnist Metin Toker, as well as profiled opposition politicians, such as Osman Bölükbaşı, the leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP), were arrested. On April 27, 1960, the parliamentary group of the DP, which held the majority in the parliament, passed a law to form a Committee of Inquest, which was authorized with the powers of a court. The committee, composed of DP deputies only, was tasked with inquires about the members of the opposition parties and the press.[4]
On May 27, 1960, a group of military officers staged a coup d'état. The revolting officers did not act in the traditional military hierarchy. The chief of general staff, commanders of the air and naval forces were not among the group, and the commander of the land forces General Cemal Gürsel joined the group only after the operation began.[5] The number of generals in the group with 38 members was only five while the remaining officers were of lower ranks as colonel, major or even captain.[6]
The chairman of the committee was Cemal Gürsel. He became also the prime minister in the 24th and 25th government of Turkey during the military regime.
Among other generals, Irfan Baştuğ died in a traffic accident on September 12, 1960 and Cemal Madanoğlu resigned from the committee on July 7, 1961, both during the military regime.
The fourteenedit
While Cemal Gürsel was trying to re-establish the civilian regime as soon as possible, fourteen members of the committee under the leadership of Colonel Alparslan Türkeş were planning to continue the military regime with the intention of making reforms. On September 13, 1960, they were expelled from the committee[8] (Their names are marked by yellow color in the above list.). They were sent as diplomats to Turkish embassies abroad. Although they were later given pardon, they could never return to the committee. In later years, Alparslan Türkeş became the leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party and renamed it to Nationalist Movement Party.
Aftermathedit
Following the 1961 general election on October 15, Turkey returned to civilian regime. Cemal Gürsel was elected president. The other 21 members of the MBK became the permanent members of the Turkish senate. In 1968 five of them were expelled from the senate. The rest lost their memberships by another coup in 1980.
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The National Unity Committee Turkish Milli Birlik Komitesi MBK was a military committee formed following the 1960 Turkish coup d etat It dissolved with the 1961 general election Contents 1 Background 2 The committee 3 The fourteen 4 Aftermath 5 See also 6 ReferencesBackground editBetween 1950 and 1960 the ruling party in Turkey was Democrat Party DP Towards 1960 Turkey faced political corruption and economic crises in which the Turkish currency was devalued from 2 80 to 9 00 for US 1 00 1 Rise in commodity prices and scarcity of imported industrial goods caused unrest and consequently political support for the DP decreased while it increased for the opposition especially for the Republican People s Party CHP The DP government tried to suppress a revival of the CHP banning public activities of the CHP In 1959 Ismet Inonu the leader of the CHP was assaulted at rallies by DP sympathizers in Usak on May 1 and in Istanbul on May 4 2 3 The press was set under heavy censorship Many journalists including popular columnist Metin Toker as well as profiled opposition politicians such as Osman Bolukbasi the leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party CKMP were arrested On April 27 1960 the parliamentary group of the DP which held the majority in the parliament passed a law to form a Committee of Inquest which was authorized with the powers of a court The committee composed of DP deputies only was tasked with inquires about the members of the opposition parties and the press 4 The committee editMain article 1960 Turkish coup d etat On May 27 1960 a group of military officers staged a coup d etat The revolting officers did not act in the traditional military hierarchy The chief of general staff commanders of the air and naval forces were not among the group and the commander of the land forces General Cemal Gursel joined the group only after the operation began 5 The number of generals in the group with 38 members was only five while the remaining officers were of lower ranks as colonel major or even captain 6 Below is the list of the committee members 7 Name Rank ForceCemal Gursel Army general LandFahri Ozdilek Army general LandCemal Madanoglu Lieutenant general LandSitki Ulay Brigadier general LandIrfan Bastug Brigadier general LandEkrem Acuner Colonel LandOsman Koksal Colonel LandFikret Kuytak Colonel LandSami Kucuk Colonel LandMuzaffer Yurdakuler Colonel LandHaydar Tunckanat Colonel AirRefet Aksoyoglu Lieutenant colonel LandKadri Kaplan Lieutenant colonel LandSuphi Karaman Lieutenant colonel LandSezai Okan Lieutenant colonel LandMucip Atakli Lieutenant colonel AirMehmet Ozgunes Major LandVehbi Ersu Major LandSuphi Gursoytrak Major LandSukran Ozkaya Major LandAhmet Yildiz Major LandSelahattin Ozgur Lieutenant commander NavalKamil Karavelioglu Captain LandEmanullah Celebi Captain AirAlparslan Turkes Colonel LandOrhan Kabibay Lieutenant colonel LandMustafa Kaplan Lieutenant colonel LandOrhan Erkanli Major LandMuzaffer Karan Major LandSefik Soyuyuce Major LandFazil Akkoyunlu Major LandDundar Taser Major LandMunir Koseoglu Lieutenant commander NavalNuman Esin Captain LandIrfan Solmazer Captain LandMuzaffer Ozdag Captain LandRifat Baykal Naval lieutenant NavalAhmet Er Captain GendarmerieThe chairman of the committee was Cemal Gursel He became also the prime minister in the 24th and 25th government of Turkey during the military regime Among other generals Irfan Bastug died in a traffic accident on September 12 1960 and Cemal Madanoglu resigned from the committee on July 7 1961 both during the military regime The fourteen editWhile Cemal Gursel was trying to re establish the civilian regime as soon as possible fourteen members of the committee under the leadership of Colonel Alparslan Turkes were planning to continue the military regime with the intention of making reforms On September 13 1960 they were expelled from the committee 8 Their names are marked by yellow color in the above list They were sent as diplomats to Turkish embassies abroad Although they were later given pardon they could never return to the committee In later years Alparslan Turkes became the leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party and renamed it to Nationalist Movement Party Aftermath editFollowing the 1961 general election on October 15 Turkey returned to civilian regime Cemal Gursel was elected president The other 21 members of the MBK became the permanent members of the Turkish senate In 1968 five of them were expelled from the senate The rest lost their memberships by another coup in 1980 See also edit1962 attempted coup in TurkeyReferences edit On line bulletin of regulation in Turkish Metin Toker Demokrasimizin Ismet Pasali Yillari 1957 1960 Bilgi Yayinevi Istanbul 1991 ISBN 975 494 246 3 p 230 Cumhuriyetin 75 yili Tempo Yayincilik Istanbul 1998 p 141 Sina Aksin Kisa Turkiye Tarihi Turkiye Is Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari Istanbul 2011 ISBN 978 9944 88 172 2 pp 257 259 Orsan Oymen Bir Ihtilal Daha var ISBN 978 605 111 772 0 p 240 Turkish parliament page in Turkish Nedir page in Turkish Inonu foundation page in Turkish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Unity Committee amp oldid 1193716874, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
