Poleg
Poleg (Hebrew: נחל פולג, romanized: Naḥal Poleg) is a stream in the Sharon plain in Israel that empties into the Mediterranean Sea between Netanya and the Wingate Institute.
Geography edit
The stream starts between Tira and Ramat HaKovesh, east of Mishmeret. It runs west to the sea, veering north at Batzra. It is mostly intermittent, and becomes a perennial stream towards its end. There is a man-made opening in the kurkar ridge that runs south-north along the coastal plain.
History edit
In Arabic, the stream had been known as نهر الفالق Nahr al-Faliq, alternatively transliterated as Nahr Falaik;[1] and later as وادي الفالق Wadi al-Faliq.[2]
The nearby Tel Poleg archaeological site was excavated, revealing a fortified city of the Middle Bronze Age. The site has mostly been destroyed by a modern quarry. The original opening in the kurkar ridge was made in the Bronze Age, and reopened during the Roman period.[3][4]
The Crusaders called the stream River Rochetaillé ("Split-rock River") because of the long narrow rock channel, cut artificially at some former period through the inland cliffs, by which the river finds a channel to the sea shore.[5] On 6 September 1191, the night before the Battle of Arsuf, the Crusaders camped near the mouth of River Rochetaillé; by then, the opening in the ridge had clogged again, resulting in a 4000-dunam marsh, which protected the Crusaders' camp from the east.
The opening was cleared again in 1935, and the stream's current course was set in the area east of the kurkar ridge.[6] The marsh, known by the Arabs as Birkat Ramadan, remained south of Tel Yitzhak as late as 1945, and was a popular hunting location with abundant wildfowl.[7]
Nature Reserve edit
The Nahal Poleg nature reserve is situated between Wingate Institute and Ramat Poleg, between Highway 2 and the Mediterranean.[8] It covers 500 dunams, and was declared a reserve in 1971.[9]
Flora in the reserve includes a coastal variety of Boxthorn, Ephedra aphylla, Calicotome villosa, the endemic Rumex rothschildianus, Iris atropurpurea, Lupin, and Tulipa agenensis sharonensis.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Charles Oman (1924). A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages. Vol. 1. London: Methuen Publishing. pp. 308, 311. ISBN 9780416717600.
- ^ Marom, Roy (2020). "The Exodus of the Arabs of Wadi al-Faliq during the 1948 War: Historiography and Historical Memory יציאת ערביי ואדי אל-פאלק במלחמת 1948: היסטוריוגרפיה וזיכרון היסטורי (Hebrew)". סוגיות נבחרות בחקר תולדות המזרח התיכון המודרני: 103–104.
- ^ נחל פולג - פארק יקום - מידע למטייל [Nahal Poleg - Park Yakum - Visitor's Information] (in Hebrew). Trekker.co.il.
- ^ Marom, Roy (January 2008). From Time Immemorial: Chapters in the History of Even Yehuda and its Region in Light of Historical and Archaeological Research (Hebrew) \ מימי קדם קדמתה: פרקים בתולדות אבן יהודה וסביבתה לאור המחקר ההיסטורי והארכיאולוגי.
- ^ Claude R. Conder (29 January 1875). "XXXI. Mediæval Topography of Palestine.". Quarterly Statement for 1875. London: Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 92.
- ^ [The Poleg Reserve] (in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
- ^ Zev Vilnay (1945). מדריך ארץ ישראל. Vol. תל־אביב, השרון, השפלה והנגב. p. 134.
- ^ "Nahal Poleg Reserve" (in Hebrew). iNature.info. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
- ^ (PDF) (in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2010-09-27.