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NEEMO

March 03, 2023

NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO,[1] is a NASA analog mission that sends groups of astronauts, engineers and scientists to live in the Aquarius underwater laboratory, the world's only undersea research station, for up to three weeks at a time in preparation for future space exploration.[2]

NEEMO Program
A NEEMO 11 crewmember works outside the undersea habitat "Aquarius"
Mission statement"To see what extreme environmental challenges astronauts may face in space, and to form solutions by using the ocean, as an equivalent environment on earth"
LocationFlorida, United States
OwnerNASA, Florida International University, Aquarius Reef Base
Established2001 (2001)
Websitewww.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/index.html

Aquarius is an underwater habitat 3.5 miles (5.6 km) off Key Largo, Florida, in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It is deployed on the ocean floor next to deep coral reefs 62 feet (19 m) below the surface.

NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of space exploration simulation missions, usually lasting 7 to 14 days, with space research mainly conducted by international astronauts. The mission had cost about 500 million U.S. dollars. The crew members are called aquanauts (as they live underwater at depth pressure for a period equal to or greater than 24 continuous hours without returning to the surface), and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment.[2] A technique known as saturation diving allows the aquanauts to live and work underwater for days or weeks at a time. After twenty four hours underwater at any depth, the human body becomes saturated with dissolved gas. With saturation diving, divers can accurately predict exactly how much time they need to decompress before returning to the surface. This information limits the risk of decompression sickness. By living in the Aquarius habitat and working at the same depth on the ocean floor, NEEMO crews are able to remain underwater for the duration of their mission.

For NASA, the Aquarius habitat and its surroundings provide a convincing analog for space exploration.[2] Much like space, the undersea world is a hostile, alien place for humans to live. NEEMO crew members experience some of the same challenges there that they would on a distant asteroid, planet (i.e. Mars) or Moon. During NEEMO missions, the aquanauts are able to simulate living on a spacecraft and test spacewalk techniques for future space missions. Working in space and underwater environments requires extensive planning and sophisticated equipment. The underwater condition has the additional benefit of allowing NASA to "weight" the aquanauts to simulate different gravity environments.[3]

Until 2012, Aquarius was owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and operated by the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at the University of North Carolina–Wilmington as a marine biology study base.

Since 2013, Aquarius is owned by Florida International University (FIU).[4] As part of the FIU Marine Education and Research Initiative, the Medina Aquarius Program is dedicated to the study and preservation of marine ecosystems worldwide and is enhancing the scope and impact of FIU on research, educational outreach, technology development, and professional training. At the heart of the program is the Aquarius Reef Base.[5]

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

 
Floorplan of Aquarius.
 
The first NEEMO crew, L–R: in front, Mike López-Alegría and Bill Todd, in back, Mike Gernhardt and Dave Williams

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

  • Thor Dunmire
  • Ryan Snow

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

  • Byron Croker
  • Michael Smith

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

 
NEEMO 5 crew members are pictured in the bunkroom aboard the Aquarius research habitat. Top, L–R: Reisman, Hwang; Middle: Whitson, Anderson; Bottom: Talacek, Snow.

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

 
The NEEMO 9 crew: Left to right (rear): Broderick, Williams; front: Stott, Garan.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

  • James F. Buckley
  • Ross Hein
  • Marc Reagan, Mission Director

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

 
NEEMO 12 aquanaut Broderick works with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), called Scuttle.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew:

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

 
The NEEMO 16 crew: Left to right: Peake, Squyres, Brown, Yui, Metcalf-Lindenburger; inside habitat: Talacek.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew:

SEATEST II: September 9–13, 2013

Space Environment Analog for Testing EVA Systems and Training[44] ( NEEMO 17 ) Designation skipped[45]

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:[46]

NEEMO 18: July 21–29, 2014

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 19: September 7–13, 2014

 
The NEEMO 19 crew: Left to right: Hansen, Stevenin, Mogensen, Bresnik; inside habitat: Hulsbeck, LaPete.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 20: July 20 – August 2, 2015

NASA Aquanaut Crew:[48]

 

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 20 mission objective was to simulate the time delays associated with sending and receiving commands between controllers on Earth and astronauts on Mars. Additional EVAs will simulate working on the surface of an asteroid, and the use of the DeepWorker submersible as an underwater stand-in for the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle.[50]

NEEMO 21: July 21 – August 5, 2016

The NEEMO 21 mission was scheduled to begin July 18, 2016 and conclude August 3, 2016; however, the mission start was shifted to July 21, 2016 as a result of unfavorable weather conditions.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:[51]

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

  • Hank Stark (FIU)
  • Sean Moore (FIU)

NEEMO 22: June 18–27, 2017

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 23: June 10–22, 2019

NASA all-female Aquanaut Crew:[52]

  • Samantha Cristoforetti, ESA, Commander
  • Jessica Watkins, NASA astronaut candidate
  • Csilla Ari D’Agostino, a neurobiologist at the University of South Florida
  • Shirley Pomponi, Marine biologist at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute of Florida Atlantic University

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

See also

References

  1. ^ Loff, Sarah (Jun 24, 2015). "NEEMO - NASA Extreme Environment MIssion Operations". NASA.
  2. ^ a b c NASA (March 21, 2006). "NEEMO History". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  3. ^ Loff, Sarah (Jun 24, 2015). "About NEEMO (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations)". NASA.
  4. ^ Communications, Florida International University-Digital. "Medina Aquarius Program". environment.fiu.edu.
  5. ^ Communications, Florida International University-Digital. "About". environment.fiu.edu.
  6. ^ a b c d e NASA (February 27, 2006). . NASA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2003. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  7. ^ NASA (June 2011). "Astronaut Bio: Edward Michael "Mike" Fincke (06/2011)". NASA. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  8. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). . NASA. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  9. ^ Walheim, Rex (September 24, 2002). . NASA. Archived from the original on July 24, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  10. ^ NOAA (May 17, 2010). . NOAA. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  11. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). . NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  12. ^ NASA (2003). . NASA. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  13. ^ "Aquarius - First Space Station Science Officer Leads Crew of Four NASA Aquanauts On 14-Day NOAA Aquarius Undersea Mission". University of North Carolina Wilmington. May 17, 2010. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  14. ^ Whitson, Peggy (June 19, 2003). . NASA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  15. ^ NASA (August 3, 2004). . NASA. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
  16. ^ NASA (September 6, 2011). . NASA. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
  17. ^ NASA (October 13, 2004). . NASA. Archived from the original on October 30, 2004. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  18. ^ Canadian Space Agency (August 9, 2004). . Canadian Space Agency. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  19. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). . NASA. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  20. ^ NOAA (May 18, 2010). . University of North Carolina Wilmington. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  21. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). . NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  22. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA's Undersea Crew is Heads Above Water". NASA. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  23. ^ NASA (April 3, 2006). "NASA's NEEMO 9 Aquanaut Human Performance Study Begins". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
  24. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA Uses Undersea Lab to Prep for Future Space Exploration". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  25. ^ NASA (July 22, 2006). "NASA - NEEMO 10 Mission Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  26. ^ NASA (May 11, 2010). "NEEMO 11". NASA. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  27. ^ NASA (September 1, 2006). "NASA Continues Space Exploration Research With Undersea Lab". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
  28. ^ NASA (May 17, 2007). "NEEMO 12". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  29. ^ NEEMO 12 Topside Team (May 6, 2007). "NASA - NEEMO 12 Topside Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  30. ^ NASA (July 24, 2007). "NASA Announces Next Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew". NASA. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
  31. ^ Topside Team (August 8, 2007). . NURC. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
  32. ^ NASA (July 9, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  33. ^ Alexander, Aaron (2010). . NURC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  34. ^ NASA (May 7, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14 Topside Report No. 1, May 7, 2010". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  35. ^ a b NASA (September 19, 2011). "NASA - NASA Announces 15th Undersea Exploration Mission Date And Crew". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  36. ^ NASA (October 27, 2011). "NASA - NEEMO 15 Topside Reports". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  37. ^ NASA (April 16, 2012). "NASA - NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crews". NASA. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  38. ^ Peake, Tim (April 29, 2012). "NEEMO 16 - In search of an asteroid". European Space Agency. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  39. ^ The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team (June 12, 2012). "NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 - Status Report" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  40. ^ Love, Stan (June 17, 2012). "Dr. Love's Underwater Blog: NEEMO 16". NASA. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  41. ^ Squyres, Steve (June 17, 2012). "NEEMO 16: EVA Divers and Subs". NASA. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  42. ^ Love, Stan (June 18, 2012). . NASA. Archived from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  43. ^ Stevenin, Hervé (June 19, 2012). "The NEEMO 16 Aquanauts meet the Men in Black". Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
  44. ^ Garcia, Mark (Apr 13, 2015). "NASA, International Partners Plan Undersea Training Mission". NASA.
  45. ^ a b Bergin, Chris (June 11, 2014). "NEEMO returns with two new underwater missions". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  46. ^ Computing, HySpeed (Sep 16, 2013). "Aquarius SEATEST II – Astronauts emerge from a successful underwater mission".
  47. ^ "Hervé Stevenin". www.esa.int.
  48. ^ "NEEMO 20 Crew (L to R) CDR Luca Parmitano (ESA), Serena Aunon (NASA), David Coan (NASA), Norishige Kanai, (JAXA), inside Aquarius Mark Hulsbeck (FIU) and Sean Moore (FIU)". Jul 20, 2015 – via Flickr.
  49. ^ "NASA Prepares for Future Space Exploration with International Undersea Crew". June 24, 2015.
  50. ^ "NEEMO 20 to build knowledge base on delayed deep space communications, Chris Bergin, nasaspaceflight". July 6, 2015.
  51. ^ Loff, Sarah (2016-07-22). "Aquanauts Splash Down, Beginning NEEMO 21 Research Mission". Retrieved 2016-07-24.
  52. ^ Emily Toomey (July 29, 2019). "NASA Scientists and Astronauts Practice for Space Missions on the Seafloor". Smithsonian magazine.

External links

  Media related to NEEMO at Wikimedia Commons

  • Official website
  • NEEMO missions

Coordinates: 24°57′00″N 80°27′13″W / 24.95000°N 80.45361°W / 24.95000; -80.45361

March 03, 2023
neemo, nasa, extreme, environment, mission, operations, nasa, analog, mission, that, sends, groups, astronauts, engineers, scientists, live, aquarius, underwater, laboratory, world, only, undersea, research, station, three, weeks, time, preparation, future, sp. NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations or NEEMO 1 is a NASA analog mission that sends groups of astronauts engineers and scientists to live in the Aquarius underwater laboratory the world s only undersea research station for up to three weeks at a time in preparation for future space exploration 2 NEEMO ProgramA NEEMO 11 crewmember works outside the undersea habitat Aquarius Mission statement To see what extreme environmental challenges astronauts may face in space and to form solutions by using the ocean as an equivalent environment on earth LocationFlorida United StatesOwnerNASA Florida International University Aquarius Reef BaseEstablished2001 2001 Websitewww wbr nasa wbr gov wbr mission wbr pages wbr NEEMO wbr index wbr htmlAquarius is an underwater habitat 3 5 miles 5 6 km off Key Largo Florida in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary It is deployed on the ocean floor next to deep coral reefs 62 feet 19 m below the surface NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of space exploration simulation missions usually lasting 7 to 14 days with space research mainly conducted by international astronauts The mission had cost about 500 million U S dollars The crew members are called aquanauts as they live underwater at depth pressure for a period equal to or greater than 24 continuous hours without returning to the surface and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment 2 A technique known as saturation diving allows the aquanauts to live and work underwater for days or weeks at a time After twenty four hours underwater at any depth the human body becomes saturated with dissolved gas With saturation diving divers can accurately predict exactly how much time they need to decompress before returning to the surface This information limits the risk of decompression sickness By living in the Aquarius habitat and working at the same depth on the ocean floor NEEMO crews are able to remain underwater for the duration of their mission For NASA the Aquarius habitat and its surroundings provide a convincing analog for space exploration 2 Much like space the undersea world is a hostile alien place for humans to live NEEMO crew members experience some of the same challenges there that they would on a distant asteroid planet i e Mars or Moon During NEEMO missions the aquanauts are able to simulate living on a spacecraft and test spacewalk techniques for future space missions Working in space and underwater environments requires extensive planning and sophisticated equipment The underwater condition has the additional benefit of allowing NASA to weight the aquanauts to simulate different gravity environments 3 Until 2012 Aquarius was owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA and operated by the National Undersea Research Center NURC at the University of North Carolina Wilmington as a marine biology study base Since 2013 Aquarius is owned by Florida International University FIU 4 As part of the FIU Marine Education and Research Initiative the Medina Aquarius Program is dedicated to the study and preservation of marine ecosystems worldwide and is enhancing the scope and impact of FIU on research educational outreach technology development and professional training At the heart of the program is the Aquarius Reef Base 5 Contents 1 Missions 1 1 NEEMO 1 October 21 27 2001 1 2 NEEMO 2 May 13 20 2002 1 3 NEEMO 3 July 15 21 2002 1 4 NEEMO 4 September 23 27 2002 1 5 NEEMO 5 June 16 29 2003 1 6 NEEMO 6 July 12 21 2004 1 7 NEEMO 7 October 11 21 2004 1 8 NEEMO 8 April 20 22 2005 1 9 NEEMO 9 April 3 20 2006 1 10 NEEMO 10 July 22 28 2006 1 11 NEEMO 11 September 16 22 2006 1 12 NEEMO 12 May 7 18 2007 1 13 NEEMO 13 August 6 15 2007 1 14 NEEMO 14 May 10 23 2010 1 15 NEEMO 15 October 20 26 2011 1 16 NEEMO 16 June 11 22 2012 1 17 SEATEST II September 9 13 2013 1 18 NEEMO 18 July 21 29 2014 1 19 NEEMO 19 September 7 13 2014 1 20 NEEMO 20 July 20 August 2 2015 1 21 NEEMO 21 July 21 August 5 2016 1 22 NEEMO 22 June 18 27 2017 1 23 NEEMO 23 June 10 22 2019 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksMissions EditNEEMO 1 October 21 27 2001 Edit Floorplan of Aquarius The first NEEMO crew L R in front Mike Lopez Alegria and Bill Todd in back Mike Gernhardt and Dave Williams NASA Aquanaut Crew Bill Todd Commander 6 Michael L Gernhardt Michael Lopez Alegria Dafydd Williams CSANURC Support Crew Mark Hulsbeck Ryan SnowNEEMO 2 May 13 20 2002 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Michael Fincke Commander 6 7 Daniel M Tani Sunita Williams Marc ReaganNURC Support Crew Thor Dunmire Ryan SnowNEEMO 3 July 15 21 2002 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Jeffrey Williams Commander 6 8 Gregory Chamitoff John D Olivas Jonathan DoryNURC Support Crew Byron Croker Michael SmithNEEMO 4 September 23 27 2002 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Scott Kelly Commander 6 9 10 11 Paul Hill Rex Walheim Jessica MeirNURC Support Crew James Talacek Ryan Snow NEEMO 5 crew members are pictured in the bunkroom aboard the Aquarius research habitat Top L R Reisman Hwang Middle Whitson Anderson Bottom Talacek Snow NEEMO 5 June 16 29 2003 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Peggy Whitson Commander 6 12 13 14 Clayton Anderson Garrett Reisman Emma HwangNURC Support Crew James Talacek Ryan SnowNEEMO 6 July 12 21 2004 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew John Herrington Commander 15 16 Nicholas Patrick Douglas H Wheelock Tara RuttleyNURC Support Crew Craig B Cooper Joseph March Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 7 October 11 21 2004 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Robert Thirsk Commander 17 18 19 Catherine Coleman Michael R Barratt Craig McKinleyNURC Support Crew James Talacek Billy Cooksey Bill Todd Mission DirectorNEEMO 8 April 20 22 2005 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Michael L Gernhardt Commander 20 21 John D Olivas Scott Kelly Monika SchultzNURC Support Crew Craig B Cooper Joseph March Bill Todd Mission DirectorNEEMO 9 April 3 20 2006 Edit The NEEMO 9 crew Left to right rear Broderick Williams front Stott Garan NASA Aquanaut Crew Dafydd Williams Commander 22 23 Nicole P Stott Ronald J Garan Jr Timothy J Broderick M D NURC Support Crew James F Buckley Ross Hein Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 10 July 22 28 2006 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Koichi Wakata Commander 24 25 Andrew Feustel Karen L Nyberg Karen KohanowichNURC Support Crew Mark Hulsbeck Dominic Landucci Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 11 September 16 22 2006 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Sandra Magnus Commander 26 27 Timothy Kopra Robert L Behnken Timothy CreamerNURC Support Crew Larry Ward Roger Garcia Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 12 May 7 18 2007 Edit NEEMO 12 aquanaut Broderick works with a remotely operated vehicle ROV called Scuttle NASA Aquanaut Crew Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper Commander 28 29 Jose M Hernandez Josef Schmid M D Timothy J Broderick M D NURC Support Crew Dominic Landucci James Talacek Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 13 August 6 15 2007 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Nicholas Patrick Commander 30 31 Richard R Arnold Satoshi Furukawa Christopher E GertyNURC Support Crew James F Buckley Dewey Smith Marc Reagan Mission DirectorNEEMO 14 May 10 23 2010 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Chris Hadfield Commander 32 33 34 Thomas H Marshburn Andrew Abercromby Steve ChappellAquarius Reef Base support crew James Talacek Nate Bender Bill Todd Mission DirectorNEEMO 15 October 20 26 2011 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Shannon Walker Commander 35 36 Takuya Onishi David Saint Jacques Steve SquyresAquarius Reef Base support crew James Talacek Nate BenderDeepWorker 2000 submersible crew Stanley G Love 35 Richard R Arnold Michael L GernhardtNEEMO 16 June 11 22 2012 Edit The NEEMO 16 crew Left to right Peake Squyres Brown Yui Metcalf Lindenburger inside habitat Talacek NASA Aquanaut Crew Dorothy Metcalf Lindenburger Commander 37 38 39 Kimiya Yui Timothy Peake Steve SquyresAquarius Reef Base support crew James Talacek Justin BrownDeepWorker 2000 submersible crew Stanley G Love 40 41 42 43 Steve Giddings Serena M Aunon Bill Todd Michael L Gernhardt Andrew Abercromby Steve ChappellSEATEST II September 9 13 2013 Edit Space Environment Analog for Testing EVA Systems and Training 44 NEEMO 17 Designation skipped 45 NASA Aquanaut Crew Joseph M Acaba Commander Kate Rubins Andreas Mogensen Soichi NoguchiAquarius Reef Base support crew 46 Mark Hulsbeck Otto RuttenNEEMO 18 July 21 29 2014 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Akihiko Hoshide Commander Jeanette J Epps Mark T Vande Hei Thomas PesquetProfessional habitat technicians Aquarius Reef Base support crew James Talacek Hank Stark FIU NEEMO 19 September 7 13 2014 Edit The NEEMO 19 crew Left to right Hansen Stevenin Mogensen Bresnik inside habitat Hulsbeck LaPete NASA Aquanaut Crew Randolph Bresnik Commander 45 Andreas Mogensen Flight Engineer 1 Jeremy Hansen Flight Engineer 2 Herve Stevenin 47 Flight Engineer 3Aquarius Reef Base support crew Mark Hulsbeck Ryan LaPeteNEEMO 20 July 20 August 2 2015 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew 48 Luca Parmitano ESA commander Serena M Aunon NASA David Coan NASA EVA Management Office engineer 49 Norishige Kanai JAXAProfessional habitat technicians Aquarius Reef Base support crew Mark Hulsbeck FIU Sean Moore FIU NEEMO 20 mission objective was to simulate the time delays associated with sending and receiving commands between controllers on Earth and astronauts on Mars Additional EVAs will simulate working on the surface of an asteroid and the use of the DeepWorker submersible as an underwater stand in for the Multi Mission Space Exploration Vehicle 50 NEEMO 21 July 21 August 5 2016 Edit The NEEMO 21 mission was scheduled to begin July 18 2016 and conclude August 3 2016 however the mission start was shifted to July 21 2016 as a result of unfavorable weather conditions NASA Aquanaut Crew 51 Reid Wiseman NASA Commander 1 Megan McArthur NASA Commander 2 Marc O Griofa Matthias Maurer ESA Noel Du Toit Dawn KernagisProfessional habitat technicians Aquarius Reef Base support crew Hank Stark FIU Sean Moore FIU NEEMO 22 June 18 27 2017 Edit NASA Aquanaut Crew Kjell Lindgren NASA Commander Pedro Duque ESA Trevor Graff NASA Jacobs Dominic D Agostino USFProfessional habitat technicians Aquarius Reef Base support crew Mark Hulsbeck FIU Sean Moore FIU NEEMO 23 June 10 22 2019 Edit NASA all female Aquanaut Crew 52 Samantha Cristoforetti ESA Commander Jessica Watkins NASA astronaut candidate Csilla Ari D Agostino a neurobiologist at the University of South Florida Shirley Pomponi Marine biologist at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute of Florida Atlantic UniversityProfessional habitat technicians Aquarius Reef Base support crew Mark Hulsbeck FIU Tom Horn FIU See also EditContinental Shelf Station Two Undersea research habitat in the Red Sea SEALAB Experimental underwater habitats developed by the United States NavyReferences Edit Loff Sarah Jun 24 2015 NEEMO NASA Extreme Environment MIssion Operations NASA a b c NASA March 21 2006 NEEMO History National Aeronautics and Space Administration Retrieved November 21 2011 Loff Sarah Jun 24 2015 About NEEMO NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations NASA Communications Florida International University Digital Medina Aquarius Program environment fiu edu Communications Florida International University Digital About environment fiu edu a b c d e NASA February 27 2006 Behind the Scenes Training NEEMO History NASA Archived from the original on July 15 2003 Retrieved March 23 2012 NASA June 2011 Astronaut Bio Edward Michael Mike Fincke 06 2011 NASA Retrieved September 22 2011 NASA April 21 2011 Life Sciences Data Archive Experiment NASA Archived from the original on October 24 2011 Retrieved November 9 2011 Walheim Rex September 24 2002 NEEMO 4 Journals NASA Archived from the original on July 24 2003 Retrieved March 10 2012 NOAA May 17 2010 NEEMO 4 Journals NOAA Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved March 10 2012 NASA April 21 2011 Life Sciences Data Archive Experiment NASA Archived from the original on March 22 2012 Retrieved March 10 2012 NASA 2003 NEEMO 5 NASA Archived from the original on November 18 2004 Retrieved March 10 2012 Aquarius First Space Station Science Officer Leads Crew of Four NASA Aquanauts On 14 Day NOAA Aquarius Undersea Mission University of North Carolina Wilmington May 17 2010 Archived from the original on December 12 2012 Retrieved March 10 2012 Whitson Peggy June 19 2003 NEEMO 5 Journals NASA Archived from the original on July 15 2003 Retrieved March 10 2012 NASA August 3 2004 NEEMO 6 NASA Archived from the original on November 18 2004 Retrieved February 26 2012 NASA September 6 2011 Life Sciences Data Archive Experiment NASA Archived from the original on April 5 2012 Retrieved February 26 2012 NASA October 13 2004 NEEMO 7 NASA Archived from the original on October 30 2004 Retrieved March 10 2012 Canadian Space Agency August 9 2004 CSA Neemo 7 Mission Canadian Space Agency Archived from the original on March 9 2012 Retrieved March 10 2012 NASA April 21 2011 Life Sciences Data Archive Experiment NASA Archived from the original on April 5 2012 Retrieved March 10 2012 NOAA May 18 2010 NEEMO 8 University of North Carolina Wilmington Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved February 25 2012 NASA April 21 2011 Life Sciences Data Archive Experiment NASA Archived from the original on March 22 2012 Retrieved February 25 2012 NASA 2006 NASA s Undersea Crew is Heads Above Water NASA Retrieved September 23 2011 NASA April 3 2006 NASA s NEEMO 9 Aquanaut Human Performance Study Begins NASA Retrieved November 8 2011 NASA 2006 NASA Uses Undersea Lab to Prep for Future Space Exploration NASA Retrieved March 21 2012 NASA July 22 2006 NASA NEEMO 10 Mission Journal NASA Retrieved March 21 2012 NASA May 11 2010 NEEMO 11 NASA Retrieved September 26 2011 NASA September 1 2006 NASA Continues Space Exploration Research With Undersea Lab NASA Retrieved November 8 2011 NASA May 17 2007 NEEMO 12 NASA Retrieved March 10 2012 NEEMO 12 Topside Team May 6 2007 NASA NEEMO 12 Topside Journal NASA Retrieved March 10 2012 NASA July 24 2007 NASA Announces Next Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew NASA Retrieved February 3 2012 Topside Team August 8 2007 NEEMO 13 Topside Report Training Week NURC Archived from the original on May 9 2012 Retrieved February 3 2012 NASA July 9 2010 NASA NEEMO 14 NASA Retrieved March 18 2012 Alexander Aaron 2010 Archive for the NEEMO 14 Mission NURC Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved March 18 2012 NASA May 7 2010 NASA NEEMO 14 Topside Report No 1 May 7 2010 NASA Retrieved March 18 2012 a b NASA September 19 2011 NASA NASA Announces 15th Undersea Exploration Mission Date And Crew NASA Retrieved July 11 2012 NASA October 27 2011 NASA NEEMO 15 Topside Reports NASA Retrieved March 18 2012 NASA April 16 2012 NASA NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crews NASA Retrieved April 17 2012 Peake Tim April 29 2012 NEEMO 16 In search of an asteroid European Space Agency Retrieved May 3 2012 The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team June 12 2012 NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 Status Report PDF NASA Retrieved July 16 2012 Love Stan June 17 2012 Dr Love s Underwater Blog NEEMO 16 NASA Archived from the original on December 12 2012 Retrieved July 11 2012 Squyres Steve June 17 2012 NEEMO 16 EVA Divers and Subs NASA Archived from the original on December 13 2012 Retrieved July 11 2012 Love Stan June 18 2012 Dr Love s Underwater Blog Mobility and Stability with DeepWorkers NASA Archived from the original on June 21 2012 Retrieved July 11 2012 Stevenin Herve June 19 2012 The NEEMO 16 Aquanauts meet the Men in Black Yahoo Inc Retrieved July 13 2012 Garcia Mark Apr 13 2015 NASA International Partners Plan Undersea Training Mission NASA a b Bergin Chris June 11 2014 NEEMO returns with two new underwater missions NASASpaceflight Retrieved June 24 2014 Computing HySpeed Sep 16 2013 Aquarius SEATEST II Astronauts emerge from a successful underwater mission Herve Stevenin www esa int NEEMO 20 Crew L to R CDR Luca Parmitano ESA Serena Aunon NASA David Coan NASA Norishige Kanai JAXA inside Aquarius Mark Hulsbeck FIU and Sean Moore FIU Jul 20 2015 via Flickr NASA Prepares for Future Space Exploration with International Undersea Crew June 24 2015 NEEMO 20 to build knowledge base on delayed deep space communications Chris Bergin nasaspaceflight July 6 2015 Loff Sarah 2016 07 22 Aquanauts Splash Down Beginning NEEMO 21 Research Mission Retrieved 2016 07 24 Emily Toomey July 29 2019 NASA Scientists and Astronauts Practice for Space Missions on the Seafloor Smithsonian magazine External links Edit Media related to NEEMO at Wikimedia Commons Official website NEEMO missions Live webcams subject to mission availability Behind the Scenes NEEMO Coordinates 24 57 00 N 80 27 13 W 24 95000 N 80 45361 W 24 95000 80 45361 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NEEMO amp oldid 1142401594, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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