The monastery was founded in about 670, in deep oak forest[1] on the banks of the river Voire, at a place that at first still carried its Gallo-Roman name of Puteolus ("little well") in the diocese of Châlons-sur-Marne.[2] The site, which must have been an aristocratic Gallo-Roman villa, to judge from the quality of the ivory diptych found at the site in modern times (illustration, below right), was at that time in the borderlands of Champagne just north of Burgundy and west of Lorraine. The founder was the monk Bercharius, later canonized;[3] The extensive site, which was part of Bercharius' inheritance, was in the forest of Der; Puteolus, the monasterium in Dervo became Montier-en-Der, which name also came to be applied to the commune that grew up around this important abbey.
The eighth century was a time of eclipse for this monastic community, and when the monastery reemerges in the ninth it was Carolingian property, given by Louis the Pious to the bishop of Reims, and the house was served by canons rather than monks. A monastic refounding was effected by abbot Hauto (827).
In the early tenth century, the monks were forced to flee Viking attacks. They were re-established by the 930s, when Montier-en-Der accepted the Gorze Reform driven by St. Evre's Abbey, Toul;[4] some years after, Montier-en-Der accepted the Cluniac Reforms.
By the end of the century, the primitive buildings had been replaced; the abbot Adso (960-92)[5] set about rebuilding the ruined church in stone; it was reconsecrated in 998. The severe Carolingian—Romanesque nave contrasts with a Gothic choir illuminated by sixteenth-century stained glass windows. The abbey church retains its sixteenth-century wooden roof, reminding the visitor that not all churches were provided with stone vaulting. The Early Gothic choir is of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Ivory diptych still in fully classical style, commemorating a wedding linking the Symmachi and Nicomachi ca 400; it was found defaced and thrown in a well (puteolus) at Montier-en-Der. (Musée de Cluny)
The cartulary of Montier-en-Der, assembled in the 1120s at the height of the monastery's prestige and wealth, is a crucial source of information for the history of west Francia; among the genuine charters are a number of forgeries that are equally interesting for the claims that they were intended to support. The charters bear information on popes, kings, and counts, on manorial structures and the obligations of peasant tenants, and on monastic reform.
At the time of the Wars of Religion, Montier-en-Der supervised twelve priories, and the abbey was one of the core benefices in the strategy of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, who exercised seigneurial powers over twenty-one villages in the surrounding countryside.[6]
National Stud Farm
The abbey was secularized at the French Revolution (1790); in 1806 Napoleon established the National Stud Farm (Le Haras National) in the grounds of the former monastery, to breed improved horses for the use of the cavalry. The stud farm structures were rebuilt for more modern functionality during the Second Empire.
Notes
^Dervos is Gaulish for oak (Auguste Longnon, Les noms de lieu de la France: leur origine, leur signification, 1973:352, s.v. 148).
^The monastery was founded under the patronage of the bishop of Reims, nevertheless. (Bouchard 2004:3.)
^Adso's vita of Saint Bercharius and a twelfth-century account of the miracles worked in his name are preserved in a twelfth-century collection of saints' lives from the abbey, now at the municipal library of Troyes. (Bouchard 2004:34, note 7).
^Adso of Montier-en-Der, who wrote the vita of Bercharius; he is otherwise remembered for his book on the Antichrist.
^Mark W. Konnert, Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion: the Towns of Champagne, the Duc de Guise and the Catholic League, 1560-95 (Ashgate) 2006, p. 78 and passim.
See also
Map of the Alods of St Bercharius, the testament of Bercharius that founded the monastery (in Latin).
L'Abbe Charles Lalore, Le Polyptique de L'Abbaye de Montierender (Latin text, French Commentary), Paris 1878.
Further reading
Bouchard, Constance Brittain, ed. The Cartulary of Montier-En-Der 666-1129 (University of Toronto) 2004. Edits and publishes the full cartulary for the first time, with a concise history of the monastery.
Corbet, Patrick, ed. Les moines du Der, 673-1790 Papers resulting from a 1998 conference on the monastery.
montier, abbey, abbey, montier, haute, marne, france, formerly, benedictine, later, cluniac, abbey, dissolved, during, french, revolution, grounds, premises, which, since, 1806, have, been, used, french, national, stud, farm, carolingian, blind, arcading, abbe. The Abbey of Montier en Der in Haute Marne France was formerly a Benedictine later Cluniac abbey dissolved during the French Revolution the grounds and premises of which since 1806 have been used as the French National Stud Farm Carolingian Blind arcading in the abbey church from Viollet le Duc 1856 Contents 1 Monastery 2 National Stud Farm 3 Notes 4 See also 5 External links 6 Further readingMonastery EditThe monastery was founded in about 670 in deep oak forest 1 on the banks of the river Voire at a place that at first still carried its Gallo Roman name of Puteolus little well in the diocese of Chalons sur Marne 2 The site which must have been an aristocratic Gallo Roman villa to judge from the quality of the ivory diptych found at the site in modern times illustration below right was at that time in the borderlands of Champagne just north of Burgundy and west of Lorraine The founder was the monk Bercharius later canonized 3 The extensive site which was part of Bercharius inheritance was in the forest of Der Puteolus the monasterium in Dervo became Montier en Der which name also came to be applied to the commune that grew up around this important abbey The eighth century was a time of eclipse for this monastic community and when the monastery reemerges in the ninth it was Carolingian property given by Louis the Pious to the bishop of Reims and the house was served by canons rather than monks A monastic refounding was effected by abbot Hauto 827 In the early tenth century the monks were forced to flee Viking attacks They were re established by the 930s when Montier en Der accepted the Gorze Reform driven by St Evre s Abbey Toul 4 some years after Montier en Der accepted the Cluniac Reforms By the end of the century the primitive buildings had been replaced the abbot Adso 960 92 5 set about rebuilding the ruined church in stone it was reconsecrated in 998 The severe Carolingian Romanesque nave contrasts with a Gothic choir illuminated by sixteenth century stained glass windows The abbey church retains its sixteenth century wooden roof reminding the visitor that not all churches were provided with stone vaulting The Early Gothic choir is of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Ivory diptych still in fully classical style commemorating a wedding linking the Symmachi and Nicomachi ca 400 it was found defaced and thrown in a well puteolus at Montier en Der Musee de Cluny The cartulary of Montier en Der assembled in the 1120s at the height of the monastery s prestige and wealth is a crucial source of information for the history of west Francia among the genuine charters are a number of forgeries that are equally interesting for the claims that they were intended to support The charters bear information on popes kings and counts on manorial structures and the obligations of peasant tenants and on monastic reform At the time of the Wars of Religion Montier en Der supervised twelve priories and the abbey was one of the core benefices in the strategy of Charles Cardinal of Lorraine who exercised seigneurial powers over twenty one villages in the surrounding countryside 6 National Stud Farm EditThe abbey was secularized at the French Revolution 1790 in 1806 Napoleon established the National Stud Farm Le Haras National in the grounds of the former monastery to breed improved horses for the use of the cavalry The stud farm structures were rebuilt for more modern functionality during the Second Empire Notes Edit Dervos is Gaulish for oak Auguste Longnon Les noms de lieu de la France leur origine leur signification 1973 352 s v 148 The monastery was founded under the patronage of the bishop of Reims nevertheless Bouchard 2004 3 Adso s vita of Saint Bercharius and a twelfth century account of the miracles worked in his name are preserved in a twelfth century collection of saints lives from the abbey now at the municipal library of Troyes Bouchard 2004 34 note 7 Encyclopedie Universelle Archived 2007 12 21 at the Wayback Machine Adso of Montier en Der who wrote the vita of Bercharius he is otherwise remembered for his book on the Antichrist Mark W Konnert Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion the Towns of Champagne the Duc de Guise and the Catholic League 1560 95 Ashgate 2006 p 78 and passim See also EditMap of the Alods of St Bercharius the testament of Bercharius that founded the monastery in Latin List of Carolingian monasteries Carolingian architectureExternal links EditLac du Der villes d entree Victoria and Albert Museum the Symmachi Panel the second panel of the diptych L Abbe Charles Lalore Le Polyptique de L Abbaye de Montierender Latin text French Commentary Paris 1878 Further reading EditBouchard Constance Brittain ed The Cartulary of Montier En Der 666 1129 University of Toronto 2004 Edits and publishes the full cartulary for the first time with a concise history of the monastery Corbet Patrick ed Les moines du Der 673 1790 Papers resulting from a 1998 conference on the monastery Coordinates 48 28 41 N 4 46 20 E 48 47806 N 4 77222 E 48 47806 4 77222 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Montier en Der Abbey amp oldid 994499414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
