Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (Greek: Μιθριδάτης Ἀντίοχος ὀ Ἐπιφανής Φιλορωμαίος Φιλέλλην Μονοκρίτης, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a king of Commagene in the 1st century BC.
Mithridates II
Relief of Mithridates II and his sister Laodice at the Tumulus of Karakuş, Turkey
Of Iranian[1] and Greek descent, he was one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene. When his father died in c. 31 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.
Biographyedit
According to Plutarch, Mithridates was an ally of the Roman triumvir Mark Antony. In 31 BC, Mithridates personally led his forces to Actium in Greece in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian, the future Roman emperor Augustus.[2] After the defeat of Antony, however, Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus. Nevertheless, Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called Zeugma, which was a major crossing point of the Euphrates River, to the Roman province of Syria. To show his support for Augustus, Mithridates dropped the title Philhellen ("friend of the Greeks") from his Aulic titulature and adopted the title Philorhomaeus ("friend of the Romans") instead. Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates' father had founded, and in which Mithridates played an important role. His other title Monocrites is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing.
Mithridates had a brother, Antiochus II of Commagene, who was also a prince of the kingdom.[3] In 29 BC, Antiochus was summoned to Rome and executed by Roman emperor Augustus, because Antiochus had caused the assassination of an ambassador whom Mithridates had sent to Rome.[3]
^Speidel, Michael Alexander (2005). (PDF). citing Plutarch, Antony 61. Mavors-Institute for Ancient Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^ abSmith, William, ed. (1870). "Antiochus II". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. republished at AncientLibrary.com. p. 194. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
Sourcesedit
Widengren, G. (1986). "Antiochus of Commagene". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2. pp. 135–136.
Merz, Annette; Tieleman, Teun L (2012). The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context: Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University, 10-12 December 2009. Leiden: Brill. ISBN9789004233010.
Babaie, Sussan; Grigor, Talinn (2015). Persian Kingship and Architecture: Strategies of Power in Iran from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavis. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–288. ISBN9780857734778.
Erskine, Andrew; Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd; Wallace, Shane (2017). The Hellenistic Court: Monarchic Power and Elite Society from Alexander to Cleopatra. The Classical Press of Wales. ISBN978-1910589625.
mithridates, commagene, mithridates, antiochus, epiphanes, philorhomaeus, philhellen, monocrites, greek, Μιθριδάτης, Ἀντίοχος, Ἐπιφανής, Φιλορωμαίος, Φιλέλλην, Μονοκρίτης, died, also, known, king, commagene, century, mithridates, iirelief, mithridates, sister,. Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites Greek Mi8ridaths Ἀntioxos ὀ Ἐpifanhs Filorwmaios Filellhn Monokriths died 20 BC also known as Mithridates II of Commagene was a king of Commagene in the 1st century BC Mithridates IIRelief of Mithridates II and his sister Laodice at the Tumulus of Karakus TurkeyKing of CommageneReign31 BC 20 BC 18 years PredecessorAntiochus I TheosSuccessorMithridates IIIDied20 BCRome Roman EmpireIssueMithridates III of CommageneNamesMithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen MonocritesHouseOrontid dynastyFatherKing Antiochus I Theos of CommageneMotherIsiasOf Iranian 1 and Greek descent he was one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene When his father died in c 31 BC he succeeded his father and reigned until his death Biography editAccording to Plutarch Mithridates was an ally of the Roman triumvir Mark Antony In 31 BC Mithridates personally led his forces to Actium in Greece in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian the future Roman emperor Augustus 2 After the defeat of Antony however Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus Nevertheless Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called Zeugma which was a major crossing point of the Euphrates River to the Roman province of Syria To show his support for Augustus Mithridates dropped the title Philhellen friend of the Greeks from his Aulic titulature and adopted the title Philorhomaeus friend of the Romans instead Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates father had founded and in which Mithridates played an important role His other title Monocrites is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing Mithridates had a brother Antiochus II of Commagene who was also a prince of the kingdom 3 In 29 BC Antiochus was summoned to Rome and executed by Roman emperor Augustus because Antiochus had caused the assassination of an ambassador whom Mithridates had sent to Rome 3 References edit Marciak 2017 p 157 Garsoian 2005 Erskine Llewellyn Jones amp Wallace 2017 p 75 Babaie amp Grigor 2015 p 80 Sartre 2005 p 23 Widengren 1986 pp 135 136 Merz amp Tieleman 2012 p 68 Speidel Michael Alexander 2005 Early Roman Rule in Commagene PDF citing Plutarch Antony 61 Mavors Institute for Ancient Military History Archived from the original PDF on 27 December 2015 Retrieved 20 April 2015 a b Smith William ed 1870 Antiochus II Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities republished at AncientLibrary com p 194 Retrieved 20 April 2015 Sources editWidengren G 1986 Antiochus of Commagene Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Fasc 2 pp 135 136 Merz Annette Tieleman Teun L 2012 The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University 10 12 December 2009 Leiden Brill ISBN 9789004233010 Babaie Sussan Grigor Talinn 2015 Persian Kingship and Architecture Strategies of Power in Iran from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavis I B Tauris pp 1 288 ISBN 9780857734778 Erskine Andrew Llewellyn Jones Lloyd Wallace Shane 2017 The Hellenistic Court Monarchic Power and Elite Society from Alexander to Cleopatra The Classical Press of Wales ISBN 978 1910589625 Garsoian Nina 2005 Tigran II Encyclopaedia Iranica Marciak Michal 2017 Sophene Gordyene and Adiabene Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West BRILL ISBN 9789004350724 Sartre Maurice 2005 The Middle East Under Rome Harvard University Press ISBN 9780674016835 Preceded byAntiochus I King of Commagene31 20 BC Succeeded byMithridates III Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mithridates II of Commagene amp oldid 1175459613, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
