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Mississaugas

November 27, 2023

For the city, see Mississauga.

The Mississaugas are a group of First Nations peoples located in southern Ontario, Canada. They are a sub-group of the Ojibwe Nation.[1][2]

Range of Anishinaabe-Anishinini around 1800, including the Mississauga in dark blue

Etymology edit

The name "Mississauga" comes from the Anishinaabe word Misi-zaagiing, meaning "[Those at the] Great River-mouth." It is closely related to the Ojibwe word Miswe-zaagiing, which means ‘a river with many outlets.’

History edit

According to the oral histories of the Anishinaabe, after departing the "Second Stopping Place" near Niagara Falls, the core Anishinaabe peoples migrated along the shores of Lake Erie to what is now southern Michigan. They became "lost" both physically and spiritually. The Mississauga migrated along a northern route by the Credit River, to Georgian Bay. These were considered their historic traditional lands on the shores of Lake Superior and northern Lake Huron around the Mississagi River. The Mississauga called for the core Anishinaabe to Midewiwin, meaning 'return to the path of the good life'. The core Anishinaabe peoples formed the Council of Three Fires and migrated from their "Third Stopping Place" near the present city of Detroit to their "Fourth Stopping Place" on Manitoulin Island, along the eastern shores of Georgian Bay.

The homelands of the Mississaugas were originally claimed by the Huron/Wyandot, who were driven off by the Haudenosaunee in the Beaver Wars in 1649/50.[3] The Ojibwe Anishinaabe then moved into the area around 1700, pushing out the Haudenosaunee.[3] The French had previously called an Anishinaabe band near the Mississagi River Oumisagai or Mississauga and for unknown reasons began to apply that name to the Ojibwe who took over the lands immediately north of Lake Ontario.[3] On the 1675 Carte du Mississippi et des lacs Supérieur, Michigan et Huron, the Mississauga were recorded as "Missisakingdachirinouek"[4] (Misi-zaaging dash ininweg: "Regular-speakers of the Great River-mouth"). This was not how the Mississaugas originally knew themselves,[3] but they eventually adopted the name and use it today.

When Conrad Weiser conducted a census in Logstown in 1748, he identified the people as Tisagechroamis, his attempt at conveying the sound of their exonym name in Wendat. Other variants of this spelling were Tisagechroamis, Tisaghechroamis, Tisagechroan, Tisagechroanu, and Zisaugeghroanu. "The Tisagechroanu were the Mississagas from Lake Huron, a large tribe of French Indians, or under French influences. The name Tisagechroanue here is probably a misprint, for it is most often found Zisaugeghroanu."[2]

 
Map shows the subdivisions and purchase of the Indian Reserve on the Credit River, and 12 Mile and 16 Mile creeks. The purchase took place in 1806, but this map was published in 1820 by the Department of Indian Affairs.

In the waning years of the American Revolution, starting in 1781, the British Crown purchased land from the Mississauga in a series of transactions that encompassed much of present-day southern Ontario. They purchased the land to fulfill promises made in the 'Haldimand Deed', land promised to the Haudenosaunne of the Six Nations' Iroquois Confederacy for their allied support in the war, and to compensate them for losses of former territory to American colonists. But Britain, and subsequently Canada, reneged on many of their promises, as Lieutenant Governor Simcoe sought instead to make land grants to United Empire Loyalists and other white settlers seeking farmland.

In 1848, the Haudenosaunee granted land to the Mississauga within the former's Six Nations Reserve on Grand River. The Mississauga became established on the New Credit.[1] Beginning in the 19th century, the Mississauga sought to gain compensation for the land granted to them but given to other settlers. In the 21st century, the Canadian government awarded the Mississauga of the New Credit First Nation nearly $145 million in settlement of this land claim.

Legacy edit

Today edit

All the Mississaugas are a subset of the Ojibwe nation of 200,000 people.

Historically, there were five First Nations that made up the Mississauga Nations. Today, there are six, listed here along with their historical counterparts, where applicable:

Notable people edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "The History of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation" (PDF). mncfn.ca. Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b George Thornton Fleming, Vol. 1, History of Pittsburgh and environs, from prehistoric days to the beginning of the American revolution, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Digital Research Library, 1999
  3. ^ a b c d Smith, Donald B. (2013). Sacred Feathers: The Reverend Peter Jones (Kahkewaquonaby) and the Mississauga Indians. University of Toronto Press. pp. 19 & 20. ISBN 978-1-4426-1563-2.
  4. ^ Anonymous [Bernou, Claude?] (1675): [Carte du Mississippi et des lacs Supérieur, Michigan et Huron.]

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mississaugas.
  • Mississaugas of the Credit First Nations
  • Mississaugas of Alderville First Nation
  • Ogemawahj Tribal Council


November 27, 2023
mississaugas, city, mississauga, group, first, nations, peoples, located, southern, ontario, canada, they, group, ojibwe, nation, range, anishinaabe, anishinini, around, 1800, including, mississauga, dark, blue, contents, etymology, history, legacy, today, not. For the city see Mississauga The Mississaugas are a group of First Nations peoples located in southern Ontario Canada They are a sub group of the Ojibwe Nation 1 2 Range of Anishinaabe Anishinini around 1800 including the Mississauga in dark blue Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Legacy 4 Today 5 Notable people 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksEtymology editThe name Mississauga comes from the Anishinaabe word Misi zaagiing meaning Those at the Great River mouth It is closely related to the Ojibwe word Miswe zaagiing which means a river with many outlets History editAccording to the oral histories of the Anishinaabe after departing the Second Stopping Place near Niagara Falls the core Anishinaabe peoples migrated along the shores of Lake Erie to what is now southern Michigan They became lost both physically and spiritually The Mississauga migrated along a northern route by the Credit River to Georgian Bay These were considered their historic traditional lands on the shores of Lake Superior and northern Lake Huron around the Mississagi River The Mississauga called for the core Anishinaabe to Midewiwin meaning return to the path of the good life The core Anishinaabe peoples formed the Council of Three Fires and migrated from their Third Stopping Place near the present city of Detroit to their Fourth Stopping Place on Manitoulin Island along the eastern shores of Georgian Bay The homelands of the Mississaugas were originally claimed by the Huron Wyandot who were driven off by the Haudenosaunee in the Beaver Wars in 1649 50 3 The Ojibwe Anishinaabe then moved into the area around 1700 pushing out the Haudenosaunee 3 The French had previously called an Anishinaabe band near the Mississagi River Oumisagai or Mississauga and for unknown reasons began to apply that name to the Ojibwe who took over the lands immediately north of Lake Ontario 3 On the 1675 Carte du Mississippi et des lacs Superieur Michigan et Huron the Mississauga were recorded as Missisakingdachirinouek 4 Misi zaaging dash ininweg Regular speakers of the Great River mouth This was not how the Mississaugas originally knew themselves 3 but they eventually adopted the name and use it today When Conrad Weiser conducted a census in Logstown in 1748 he identified the people as Tisagechroamis his attempt at conveying the sound of their exonym name in Wendat Other variants of this spelling were Tisagechroamis Tisaghechroamis Tisagechroan Tisagechroanu and Zisaugeghroanu The Tisagechroanu were the Mississagas from Lake Huron a large tribe of French Indians or under French influences The name Tisagechroanue here is probably a misprint for it is most often found Zisaugeghroanu 2 nbsp Map shows the subdivisions and purchase of the Indian Reserve on the Credit River and 12 Mile and 16 Mile creeks The purchase took place in 1806 but this map was published in 1820 by the Department of Indian Affairs In the waning years of the American Revolution starting in 1781 the British Crown purchased land from the Mississauga in a series of transactions that encompassed much of present day southern Ontario They purchased the land to fulfill promises made in the Haldimand Deed land promised to the Haudenosaunne of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy for their allied support in the war and to compensate them for losses of former territory to American colonists But Britain and subsequently Canada reneged on many of their promises as Lieutenant Governor Simcoe sought instead to make land grants to United Empire Loyalists and other white settlers seeking farmland In 1848 the Haudenosaunee granted land to the Mississauga within the former s Six Nations Reserve on Grand River The Mississauga became established on the New Credit 1 Beginning in the 19th century the Mississauga sought to gain compensation for the land granted to them but given to other settlers In the 21st century the Canadian government awarded the Mississauga of the New Credit First Nation nearly 145 million in settlement of this land claim Legacy editThe city of Mississauga is named after them The Western and Eastern massasauga rattlesnake Sistrurus catenatus are named after them Fort Mississauga is named after them Today editAll the Mississaugas are a subset of the Ojibwe nation of 200 000 people Historically there were five First Nations that made up the Mississauga Nations Today there are six listed here along with their historical counterparts where applicable Mississauga First Nation Mississagi River 8 Reserve Mississaugas of Chibaouinani historical Alderville First Nation formerly Mississaugas of Alnwick Alderville First Nation Reserve Sugar Island 37A Reserve Mississaugas of the Credit historical Mississaugas of Beldom historical Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation New Credit 40A Reserve One of the largest communities as of 2005 the Mississaugas of the Credit had a population of 1 375 Mississaugas of Matchedash historical Mississaugas of Rice Lake Mud Lake and Scugog Lake historical Curve Lake First Nation formerly Mississaugas of Mud Lake Curve Lake First Nation 35 Reserve Curve Lake 35A Reserve and Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A Mississaugas of Grape Island historical Hiawatha First Nation formerly Mississaugas of Rice Lake Hiawatha First Nation Indian Reserve Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation Mississaugas of Scugog Island Reserve Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36ANotable people editPeter Jones 1802 1856 Mississauga missionary and writer Edmonia Lewis ca 1844 1907 Mississauga Ojibwe African American sculptor Quenippenon Mississauga ChiefSee also editCrawford Purchase Toronto PurchaseReferences edit a b The History of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation PDF mncfn ca Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation Retrieved 11 April 2021 a b George Thornton Fleming Vol 1 History of Pittsburgh and environs from prehistoric days to the beginning of the American revolution Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Digital Research Library 1999 a b c d Smith Donald B 2013 Sacred Feathers The Reverend Peter Jones Kahkewaquonaby and the Mississauga Indians University of Toronto Press pp 19 amp 20 ISBN 978 1 4426 1563 2 Anonymous Bernou Claude 1675 Carte du Mississippi et des lacs Superieur Michigan et Huron External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mississaugas Mississaugas of the Credit First Nations Mississaugas of Alderville First Nation United Anishnaabeg Council Ogemawahj Tribal Council Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mississaugas amp oldid 1151242046, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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