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Mission Santa Clara de Asís

January 12, 2023

Mission Santa Clara de Asís (Spanish: Misión Santa Clara de Asís) is a Spanish mission in the city of Santa Clara, California. The mission, which was the eighth in California, was founded on January 12, 1777, by the Franciscan order. Named for Saint Clare of Assisi, who founded the order of the Poor Clares and was an early companion of St. Francis of Assisi, this was the first California mission to be named in honor of a woman.[8]

Mission Santa Clara
Mission Santa Clara de Asís, shown in 2008
Location in the Santa Clara Valley
LocationPalm Drive and Alviso Street intersection
Santa Clara University
Santa Clara, California 95053
Coordinates37°20′57″N 121°56′29″W / 37.3493°N 121.9415°W / 37.3493; -121.9415Coordinates: 37°20′57″N 121°56′29″W / 37.3493°N 121.9415°W / 37.3493; -121.9415
Name as foundedLa Misión Santa Clara de Asís[1]
English translationThe Mission of Saint Clare of Assisi
Founding dateJanuary 12, 1777[2]
Founding priest(s)Father Presidente Junípero Serra[3][a]
Founding OrderEighth[4]
Military districtFourth[5]
Native tribe(s)
Spanish name(s)		Bay Miwok, Tamyen, Yokuts
Costeño
Native place name(s)Socoisuka[6]
Baptisms8,536[b][7]
Marriages2,498[b][7]
Burials6,809[b][7]
Neophyte population1,125[7]
Secularized1836[4]
Governing bodySanta Clara University; Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose
Current useUniversity of the chapel; Parish church
Reference no.#338
Website
www.scu.edu/missionchurch/

It is the namesake of both the city and county of Santa Clara, as well as of Santa Clara University, which was built around the mission. This is the only mission located on the grounds of a university campus. Although ruined and rebuilt six times, the settlement was never abandoned,[9] and today it functions as the university chapel for Santa Clara University.

History

 
Painting of Mission Santa Clara, 1849.

The outpost was originally established as La Misión Santa Clara de Thamien (or Mission Santa Clara de Thamien, a reference to the Tamien people) at the Indian village of So-co-is-u-ka (meaning "Laurelwood", located on the Guadalupe River) on January 12, 1777. There the Franciscan brothers erected a cross and shelter for worship to bring Christianity to the Ohlone people. Floods, fires, and earthquakes damaged many of the early structures and forced relocation to higher ground. The second site is known as Mission Santa Clara de Asís. A subsequent site of the mission dating from 1784 to 1819 is located several hundred yards west of the De La Cruz overpass of the Caltrain track; moreover, several Native American burial sites have been discovered near this subsequent site.[10] The current site, home to the first college in Alta California, dates back to 1828.[3]

Initially, there was tension between the people of the mission and those in the nearby Pueblo de San Josè over disputed ownership rights of land and water. The tension was relieved when a road, the Alameda, was built by two hundred Indians to link the communities together.[11] On Sundays, people from San Jose would come to the mission for services, until the building of St. Joseph's Church in 1803. In that year, the mission of Santa Clara reported an Indian population of 1,271. In the same tabular report, its resident priest estimated that 10,000 cattle, 9,500 sheep, 730 horses, 35 mules, and 55 swine were on mission lands, while about 3,000 fanegas of grain (some 220 pounds (100 kg) each of wheat, barley or corn) had been harvested.[citation needed]

 
Mission Santa Clara de Asís, c. 1910
 
A view toward the altar of the exquisitely ornate Mission Santa Clara de Asís chapel, c. 1897

After the Mexican secularization act of 1833 most of the mission's land and livestock was sold off by Mexico. The mission land was subdivided, and the land sold to whoever could afford it which often meant it was sold to government officials and with half of the mission land going to Native Americans.[12] Most of the buildings continued to be used as a parish church, unlike the other missions in California.[13] By 1836, the mission Native Americans were "freed" by the Mexican government.[12] The local land near the mission had drastically changed in the 60 years of mission operation under the Spanish and many of the native plants needed for Native American survival were gone, requiring a change from the former lifestyle for many Native Americans.[12] Many Native Americans fled to the Central Valley of California, others stayed locally and worked for the new ranchos.[12] There were a few small and short-lived Native American villages established around the Bay Area by 1839; many of these villages could not support themselves, so they began raiding the nearby ranchos.[12]

In 1850, California became a state. With that change, priests of the Jesuit order took over the Mission Santa Clara de Asís in 1851 from the Franciscans. Father John Nobili, S.J., was put in charge of the mission. He began a college on the mission site in 1851, which grew into Santa Clara University;[14] it is the only mission to become part of a university, and it is also the oldest university in California. Throughout the history of the mission, the bells have rung faithfully every evening, a promise made to King Charles III of Spain when he sent the original bells to the mission in 1777. He asked that the bells be rung each evening at 8:30 in memory of those who had died, although the actual bells have since been replaced by a recording.[15] The bell tower has three bells; one was donated by King Carlos IV but subsequently destroyed in a fire. King Alphonso XIII donated a replacement bell, which is on display in the de Saisset Museum (in the mission).

In 1861, a new wooden façade with two bell towers was attached over the old adobe front of the building. The interior was widened in 1885 to increase the seating capacity by removing the original adobe nave walls.[13][16] A fire in 1925 destroyed the structure, including the surrounding wall. The church's parochial functions were transferred to the Saint Clare Parish west of the campus. A rebuilt and restored Mission Santa Clara was consecrated in 1929, when it assumed its primary modern function as chapel and centerpiece of the university campus. It is open to visitors daily; the mission museum is located in the university's De Saisset Museum. The original mission cemetery, still in use, is located on nearby Lincoln Street.[17][18]

Santa Clara Mission Cemetery

Santa Clara Mission Cemetery, also known as Santa Clara Catholic Cemetery, was founded in 1777, alongside the mission by the same Franciscans.[19] In 1851, when Santa Clara College was founded, the cemetery near the mission was running out of space, so they moved the location a few minutes walk from the mission near the adobe home of Fernando Berryessa, son of Maria Zacharias Bernal y Berryessa.[20]

In the 1930s, this cemetery completed its first indoor mausoleum.[21] In part due to the popularity of mausoleum burial, in 2015, they began building the St. Ignatius Outdoor Mausoleum Complex.[21]

Notable burials

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Though Serra is generally credited with the Mission's founding, it was Father Tomás de la Peña who actually celebrated the first mass at the site.[1]
  2. ^ a b c Mission Santa Clara witnessed the greatest number of baptisms, marriages, and burials of any settlement in the Alta California chain.[7]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Leffingwell 2005, p. 137.
  2. ^ Yenne 2004, p. 80.
  3. ^ a b Ruscin 1999, p. 196.
  4. ^ a b Krell 1979, p. 167.
  5. ^ Forbes 1839, p. 202.
  6. ^ Ruscin 1999, p. 195.
  7. ^ a b c d e Krell 1979, p. 315.
  8. ^ "Santa Clara de Asís". California Missions Foundation. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  9. ^ Ruscin 1999, p. 79.
  10. ^ Giglio 1988, p. 3.11-1.
  11. ^ Shannon E. Clark, The Alameda: The Beautiful Way, San Jose: Alameda Business Association, 2006, ISBN 978-1-4243-1868-1, p. 2.
  12. ^ a b c d e Stanley, Tim (February 2, 2012). "Indian Warrior Yozcolo Set Roots in Los Gatos". Los Gatos, CA Patch. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  13. ^ a b Pugh, Teresa (2006). . Santa Clara University. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  14. ^ Fodor's (December 21, 2010). Fodor's Northern California 2011: With Napa, Sonoma, Yosemite, San Francisco & Lake Tahoe. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4000-0503-1. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
  15. ^ "Mission Church Bell Tower". Mission Santa Clara Unearthed. Santa Clara University. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
  16. ^ Kimbro, Edna; Costello, Julia G.; Ball, Tevvy (October 20, 2009). The California Missions: History, Art and Preservation. Getty Conservation Institute. ISBN 978-0-89236-983-6.
  17. ^ Lichtenstein, Bea (2005). "Images of America Series". Cemeteries of Santa Clara. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738530130.
  18. ^ Santa Clara Mission Cemetery. Santa Clara University
  19. ^ "Herhold: Santa Clara's graveyard teaches us about the past". The Mercury News. March 5, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  20. ^ "Home is Where the City Begins". The Silicon Valley Voice. September 11, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  21. ^ a b "Santa Clara Mission Cemetery Prepares for its Next Project | The Valley Catholic News". The Valley Catholic. November 12, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  22. ^ "Peter Hardeman Burnett". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  23. ^ "Highlights of the Funeral". Cardinal Kung Foundation. 2000. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  24. ^ . The Cardinal Kung Foundation. 1995. Archived from the original on August 26, 2005. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  25. ^ "Tiburcio Vasquez – California Desperado". Legends of America. Retrieved January 22, 2020.

Sources

  • Forbes, Alexander (1839). California: A History of Upper and Lower California. Cornhill, London: Smith, Elder and Co.
  • Giglio, Gary, C. (September 1988). "Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan Amendment, Rezoning and Development of a Portion of FMC Corporation's Coleman Avenue Facility, Earth Metrics Inc" (Press release). City of Santa Clara, California.
  • Krell, Dorothy (1979). The California Missions: A Pictorial History. Menlo Park, CA: Lane Publishing Co.
  • Leffingwell, Randy (2005). California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, Inc. ISBN 0-89658-492-5.
  • Ruscin, Terry (1999). Mission Memoirs. San Diego, CA: Sunbelt Publications. ISBN 0-932653-30-8.
  • Yenne, Bill (2004). The Missions of California. San Diego, CA: Advantage Publishers Group. ISBN 1-59223-319-8.

Further reading

  • Jones Terry L.; Kathryn A. Klar, eds. (2007). California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Landham, MD: Altimira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.
  • Levy, Richard (1978). William C. Sturrent; Robert F. Heizer (eds.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 8 (California). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. p. 486. ISBN 0-87474-188-2.
  • Milliken, Randall (1995). A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769–1910. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. ISBN 0-87919-132-5.
  • Paddison, Joshua, ed. (1999). A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush. Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 1-890771-13-9.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission Santa Clara de Asís.
  • Early photographs, sketches of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, via Calisphere, California Digital Library
  • Howser, Huell (December 8, 2000). "California Missions (106)". California Missions. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.

January 12, 2023
mission, santa, clara, asís, spanish, misión, santa, clara, asís, spanish, mission, city, santa, clara, california, mission, which, eighth, california, founded, january, 1777, franciscan, order, named, saint, clare, assisi, founded, order, poor, clares, early,. Mission Santa Clara de Asis Spanish Mision Santa Clara de Asis is a Spanish mission in the city of Santa Clara California The mission which was the eighth in California was founded on January 12 1777 by the Franciscan order Named for Saint Clare of Assisi who founded the order of the Poor Clares and was an early companion of St Francis of Assisi this was the first California mission to be named in honor of a woman 8 Mission Santa ClaraMission Santa Clara de Asis shown in 2008Location in the Santa Clara ValleyLocationPalm Drive and Alviso Street intersectionSanta Clara UniversitySanta Clara California 95053Coordinates37 20 57 N 121 56 29 W 37 3493 N 121 9415 W 37 3493 121 9415 Coordinates 37 20 57 N 121 56 29 W 37 3493 N 121 9415 W 37 3493 121 9415Name as foundedLa Mision Santa Clara de Asis 1 English translationThe Mission of Saint Clare of AssisiFounding dateJanuary 12 1777 2 Founding priest s Father Presidente Junipero Serra 3 a Founding OrderEighth 4 Military districtFourth 5 Native tribe s Spanish name s Bay Miwok Tamyen YokutsCostenoNative place name s Socoisuka 6 Baptisms8 536 b 7 Marriages2 498 b 7 Burials6 809 b 7 Neophyte population1 125 7 Secularized1836 4 Governing bodySanta Clara University Roman Catholic Diocese of San JoseCurrent useUniversity of the chapel Parish churchCalifornia Historical LandmarkReference no 338Websitewww wbr scu wbr edu wbr missionchurch wbr It is the namesake of both the city and county of Santa Clara as well as of Santa Clara University which was built around the mission This is the only mission located on the grounds of a university campus Although ruined and rebuilt six times the settlement was never abandoned 9 and today it functions as the university chapel for Santa Clara University Contents 1 History 2 Santa Clara Mission Cemetery 2 1 Notable burials 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory Edit Painting of Mission Santa Clara 1849 The outpost was originally established as La Mision Santa Clara de Thamien or Mission Santa Clara de Thamien a reference to the Tamien people at the Indian village of So co is u ka meaning Laurelwood located on the Guadalupe River on January 12 1777 There the Franciscan brothers erected a cross and shelter for worship to bring Christianity to the Ohlone people Floods fires and earthquakes damaged many of the early structures and forced relocation to higher ground The second site is known as Mission Santa Clara de Asis A subsequent site of the mission dating from 1784 to 1819 is located several hundred yards west of the De La Cruz overpass of the Caltrain track moreover several Native American burial sites have been discovered near this subsequent site 10 The current site home to the first college in Alta California dates back to 1828 3 Initially there was tension between the people of the mission and those in the nearby Pueblo de San Jose over disputed ownership rights of land and water The tension was relieved when a road the Alameda was built by two hundred Indians to link the communities together 11 On Sundays people from San Jose would come to the mission for services until the building of St Joseph s Church in 1803 In that year the mission of Santa Clara reported an Indian population of 1 271 In the same tabular report its resident priest estimated that 10 000 cattle 9 500 sheep 730 horses 35 mules and 55 swine were on mission lands while about 3 000 fanegas of grain some 220 pounds 100 kg each of wheat barley or corn had been harvested citation needed Mission Santa Clara de Asis c 1910 A view toward the altar of the exquisitely ornate Mission Santa Clara de Asis chapel c 1897 After the Mexican secularization act of 1833 most of the mission s land and livestock was sold off by Mexico The mission land was subdivided and the land sold to whoever could afford it which often meant it was sold to government officials and with half of the mission land going to Native Americans 12 Most of the buildings continued to be used as a parish church unlike the other missions in California 13 By 1836 the mission Native Americans were freed by the Mexican government 12 The local land near the mission had drastically changed in the 60 years of mission operation under the Spanish and many of the native plants needed for Native American survival were gone requiring a change from the former lifestyle for many Native Americans 12 Many Native Americans fled to the Central Valley of California others stayed locally and worked for the new ranchos 12 There were a few small and short lived Native American villages established around the Bay Area by 1839 many of these villages could not support themselves so they began raiding the nearby ranchos 12 In 1850 California became a state With that change priests of the Jesuit order took over the Mission Santa Clara de Asis in 1851 from the Franciscans Father John Nobili S J was put in charge of the mission He began a college on the mission site in 1851 which grew into Santa Clara University 14 it is the only mission to become part of a university and it is also the oldest university in California Throughout the history of the mission the bells have rung faithfully every evening a promise made to King Charles III of Spain when he sent the original bells to the mission in 1777 He asked that the bells be rung each evening at 8 30 in memory of those who had died although the actual bells have since been replaced by a recording 15 The bell tower has three bells one was donated by King Carlos IV but subsequently destroyed in a fire King Alphonso XIII donated a replacement bell which is on display in the de Saisset Museum in the mission In 1861 a new wooden facade with two bell towers was attached over the old adobe front of the building The interior was widened in 1885 to increase the seating capacity by removing the original adobe nave walls 13 16 A fire in 1925 destroyed the structure including the surrounding wall The church s parochial functions were transferred to the Saint Clare Parish west of the campus A rebuilt and restored Mission Santa Clara was consecrated in 1929 when it assumed its primary modern function as chapel and centerpiece of the university campus It is open to visitors daily the mission museum is located in the university s De Saisset Museum The original mission cemetery still in use is located on nearby Lincoln Street 17 18 Santa Clara Mission Cemetery EditSanta Clara Mission Cemetery also known as Santa Clara Catholic Cemetery was founded in 1777 alongside the mission by the same Franciscans 19 In 1851 when Santa Clara College was founded the cemetery near the mission was running out of space so they moved the location a few minutes walk from the mission near the adobe home of Fernando Berryessa son of Maria Zacharias Bernal y Berryessa 20 In the 1930s this cemetery completed its first indoor mausoleum 21 In part due to the popularity of mausoleum burial in 2015 they began building the St Ignatius Outdoor Mausoleum Complex 21 Notable burials Edit Peter Hardeman Burnett 1807 1895 judge the first elected governor of California serving from December 20 1849 to January 9 1851 and the first to resign from office 22 Marv Owen 1906 1991 baseball player for the Detroit Tigers 1931 37 Chicago White Sox 1938 39 and Boston Red Sox 1940 and a baseball coach Ignatius Kung Pin Mei 1901 2000 Catholic Bishop of Shanghai China from 1950 until his death in 2000 23 Dominic Tang 1908 1995 Chinese Jesuit priest and Bishop in 1951 and later archbishop of Canton 24 Tiburcio Vasquez 1835 1875 Californio bandido who was active in California from 1854 to 1874 25 See also Edit San Francisco Bay Area portalSpanish missions in California List of Spanish missions in California USNS Mission Santa Clara AO 132 a Buenaventura class fleet oiler built during World War IINotes Edit Though Serra is generally credited with the Mission s founding it was Father Tomas de la Pena who actually celebrated the first mass at the site 1 a b c Mission Santa Clara witnessed the greatest number of baptisms marriages and burials of any settlement in the Alta California chain 7 References EditCitations Edit a b Leffingwell 2005 p 137 Yenne 2004 p 80 a b Ruscin 1999 p 196 a b Krell 1979 p 167 Forbes 1839 p 202 Ruscin 1999 p 195 a b c d e Krell 1979 p 315 Santa Clara de Asis California Missions Foundation Retrieved January 22 2020 Ruscin 1999 p 79 Giglio 1988 p 3 11 1 Shannon E Clark The Alameda The Beautiful Way San Jose Alameda Business Association 2006 ISBN 978 1 4243 1868 1 p 2 a b c d e Stanley Tim February 2 2012 Indian Warrior Yozcolo Set Roots in Los Gatos Los Gatos CA Patch Retrieved November 10 2019 a b Pugh Teresa 2006 History of Mission Santa Clara de Asis Santa Clara University Archived from the original on June 27 2015 Retrieved June 8 2013 Fodor s December 21 2010 Fodor s Northern California 2011 With Napa Sonoma Yosemite San Francisco amp Lake Tahoe Random House Digital Inc p 48 ISBN 978 1 4000 0503 1 Retrieved December 25 2011 Mission Church Bell Tower Mission Santa Clara Unearthed Santa Clara University Retrieved January 9 2019 Kimbro Edna Costello Julia G Ball Tevvy October 20 2009 The California Missions History Art and Preservation Getty Conservation Institute ISBN 978 0 89236 983 6 Lichtenstein Bea 2005 Images of America Series Cemeteries of Santa Clara Mount Pleasant South Carolina Arcadia Publishing ISBN 9780738530130 Santa Clara Mission Cemetery Santa Clara University Herhold Santa Clara s graveyard teaches us about the past The Mercury News March 5 2013 Retrieved January 22 2020 Home is Where the City Begins The Silicon Valley Voice September 11 2013 Retrieved January 22 2020 a b Santa Clara Mission Cemetery Prepares for its Next Project The Valley Catholic News The Valley Catholic November 12 2015 Retrieved January 22 2020 Peter Hardeman Burnett National Governors Association Retrieved January 22 2020 Highlights of the Funeral Cardinal Kung Foundation 2000 Retrieved January 22 2020 Remembering Archbishop Tang Yee Ming SJ The Cardinal Kung Foundation 1995 Archived from the original on August 26 2005 Retrieved January 22 2020 Tiburcio Vasquez California Desperado Legends of America Retrieved January 22 2020 Sources Edit Forbes Alexander 1839 California A History of Upper and Lower California Cornhill London Smith Elder and Co Giglio Gary C September 1988 Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan Amendment Rezoning and Development of a Portion of FMC Corporation s Coleman Avenue Facility Earth Metrics Inc Press release City of Santa Clara California Krell Dorothy 1979 The California Missions A Pictorial History Menlo Park CA Lane Publishing Co Leffingwell Randy 2005 California Missions and Presidios The History amp Beauty of the Spanish Missions Stillwater MN Voyageur Press Inc ISBN 0 89658 492 5 Ruscin Terry 1999 Mission Memoirs San Diego CA Sunbelt Publications ISBN 0 932653 30 8 Yenne Bill 2004 The Missions of California San Diego CA Advantage Publishers Group ISBN 1 59223 319 8 Further reading EditJones Terry L Kathryn A Klar eds 2007 California Prehistory Colonization Culture and Complexity Landham MD Altimira Press ISBN 978 0 7591 0872 1 Levy Richard 1978 William C Sturrent Robert F Heizer eds Handbook of North American Indians Vol 8 California Washington DC Smithsonian Institution p 486 ISBN 0 87474 188 2 Milliken Randall 1995 A Time of Little Choice The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769 1910 Menlo Park CA Ballena Press Publication ISBN 0 87919 132 5 Paddison Joshua ed 1999 A World Transformed Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush Heyday Books Berkeley CA ISBN 1 890771 13 9 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission Santa Clara de Asis Early photographs sketches of Mission Santa Clara de Asis via Calisphere California Digital Library Howser Huell December 8 2000 California Missions 106 California Missions Chapman University Huell Howser Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mission Santa Clara de Asis amp oldid 1133034816, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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