The chalk-browed mockingbird has four subspecies, the nominate Mimus saturninus saturninus, M. s. arenaceus, M. s. frater, and M. s. modulator.[2]
Description
The chalk-browed mockingbird is 23.5 to 26 cm (9.3 to 10.2 in) long and weighs 55 to 73 g (1.9 to 2.6 oz). Males are slightly larger than females. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark brown crown, a broad white supercilium, a blackish line through the eye, and white cheeks. Their upperparts are brownish with some darker streaks; the rump is buffier. Their wings are blackish and show two obscure bars when folded. The tail is also blackish; most feathers have white tips and the outermost have white edges. The underside of their body is white from the throat to the vent, though the breast has a gray tinge and the flanks are buffy with faint dark streaks. The juvenile is browner than the adult and has buffier underparts with dark streaks on the breast.[3]
M. s. frater is browner than the nominate, including the rump that is not buffy like the nominate's. M. s. arenaceus is essentially the same as frater but has a larger bill. M. s. modulator has some blackish brown spotting on its crown and back, lacks the gray tinge on the breast, and the flanks are paler and often unstreaked.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.[3]
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.[3]
Behavior
Feeding
The chalk-browed mockingbird is omnivorous; it feeds on fruits, seeds, berries, insects, and other small vertebrates. It occasionally predates eggs and nestlings of other birds. It forages mostly on the ground.[3]
Breeding
The chalk-browed mockingbird's breeding season spans September to January. The species is territorial and monogamous, though both related and unrelated helpers have been documented to aid in territory defense and in caring for young. The nest is a shallow cup made of twigs lined with finer material. It is typically placed in a low tree or dense shrub within 3 m (9.8 ft) of the ground, though sometimes higher. The clutch size is three or four. Nests are often parasitized by the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).[3]
Vocalization
Songs and calls
Listen to chalk-browed mockingbird on xeno-canto
The chalk-browed mockingbird's song is loud, a "varied series of notes, trills, [and] phrases". Its calls include a "sharp and penetrating 'tshrip'" and a "snorting sha-sha-sha". It often mimics other species including some raptors.[3]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the chalk-browed mockingbird as being of Least Concern. It has a large range (estimated at 10,600,000 km2 (4,100,000 sq mi)), is very common throughout much of it, and the population is believed to be stable.[1] It occurs in several protected areas. There are "[n]o perceived threats, although nesting losses due to cowbird parasitism are considerable."[3]
^ abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^ abcdefghCody, M. L. (2020). Chalk-browed Mockingbird (Mimus saturninus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.chbmoc1.01 retrieved July 23, 2021
Further reading
Monteiro Pereira, José Felipe (2008). Aves e Pássaros Comuns do Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese). Technical Books. p. 117. ISBN978-85-61368-00-5.
May 01, 2023
chalk, browed, mockingbird, chalk, browed, mockingbird, mimus, saturninus, bird, family, mimidae, found, brazil, bolivia, argentina, paraguay, suriname, uruguay, pantanal, brazilconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationkingdom, anima. The chalk browed mockingbird Mimus saturninus is a bird in the family mimidae It is found in Brazil Bolivia Argentina Paraguay Suriname and Uruguay 2 Chalk browed mockingbirdIn the Pantanal BrazilConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily MimidaeGenus MimusSpecies M saturninusBinomial nameMimus saturninus Lichtenstein MHC 1823 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Feeding 4 2 Breeding 4 3 Vocalization 5 Status 6 Gallery 7 References 8 Further readingTaxonomy and systematics EditThe chalk browed mockingbird has four subspecies the nominate Mimus saturninus saturninus M s arenaceus M s frater and M s modulator 2 Description EditThe chalk browed mockingbird is 23 5 to 26 cm 9 3 to 10 2 in long and weighs 55 to 73 g 1 9 to 2 6 oz Males are slightly larger than females Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark brown crown a broad white supercilium a blackish line through the eye and white cheeks Their upperparts are brownish with some darker streaks the rump is buffier Their wings are blackish and show two obscure bars when folded The tail is also blackish most feathers have white tips and the outermost have white edges The underside of their body is white from the throat to the vent though the breast has a gray tinge and the flanks are buffy with faint dark streaks The juvenile is browner than the adult and has buffier underparts with dark streaks on the breast 3 M s frater is browner than the nominate including the rump that is not buffy like the nominate s M s arenaceus is essentially the same as frater but has a larger bill M s modulator has some blackish brown spotting on its crown and back lacks the gray tinge on the breast and the flanks are paler and often unstreaked 3 Distribution and habitat EditThe nominate subspecies of chalk browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Para state in Brazil M s arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraiba state south to eastern Bahia state M s frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil M s modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil 3 The chalk browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna forest edge open woodland pastures with scattered trees and urban and suburban gardens It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2 500 m 8 200 ft in northern Argentina 3 Behavior EditFeeding Edit The chalk browed mockingbird is omnivorous it feeds on fruits seeds berries insects and other small vertebrates It occasionally predates eggs and nestlings of other birds It forages mostly on the ground 3 Breeding Edit The chalk browed mockingbird s breeding season spans September to January The species is territorial and monogamous though both related and unrelated helpers have been documented to aid in territory defense and in caring for young The nest is a shallow cup made of twigs lined with finer material It is typically placed in a low tree or dense shrub within 3 m 9 8 ft of the ground though sometimes higher The clutch size is three or four Nests are often parasitized by the shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis 3 Vocalization Edit Songs and callsListen to chalk browed mockingbird on xeno canto The chalk browed mockingbird s song is loud a varied series of notes trills and phrases Its calls include a sharp and penetrating tshrip and a snorting sha sha sha It often mimics other species including some raptors 3 Status EditThe IUCN has assessed the chalk browed mockingbird as being of Least Concern It has a large range estimated at 10 600 000 km2 4 100 000 sq mi is very common throughout much of it and the population is believed to be stable 1 It occurs in several protected areas There are n o perceived threats although nesting losses due to cowbird parasitism are considerable 3 Gallery Edit Painting from 1847 Nest Egg Singing References Edit a b BirdLife International 2018 Chalk browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 Retrieved 23 July 2021 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P July 2021 IOC World Bird List v 11 2 Retrieved July 14 2021 a b c d e f g h Cody M L 2020 Chalk browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow chbmoc1 01 retrieved July 23 2021Further reading EditMonteiro Pereira Jose Felipe 2008 Aves e Passaros Comuns do Rio de Janeiro in Portuguese Technical Books p 117 ISBN 978 85 61368 00 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chalk browed mockingbird amp oldid 1124925131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
