Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov (July 29, 1900 – March 3, 1974) was a Soviet engineer who was a pioneer of spacecraft design and rocketry.
Mikhail Tikhonravov in 1925
Mikhail Tikhonravov was born in Vladimir, Russia. He attended the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy from 1922 to 1925, where he was exposed to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's ideas of spaceflight. After graduation and until 1931 worked in several aircraft industries and was engaged in developing gliders. From 1931 and on, devoted himself to the development of the field of rocketry. In 1932, he joined Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (GIRD), as one of the four brigade leaders. His brigade built the GIRD-09 rocket, fueled by liquid oxygen and jellied gasoline, and launched on August 17, 1933.
Tikhonravov became part of the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (RNII) when GIRD and the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) merged in 1933. From 1938 Tikhonravov researched rocket engines with liquid fuel and developed rockets for the purpose of upper atmosphere layers’ research. In the end of the 1930s, the development of rockets with liquid fuel was stopped and Tikhonravov concentrated on the development of the projectiles of the weapon system Katyusha rocket launcher.
In 1946, he became deputy chief of NII-4 in the Academy of Artillery Science and developed Project VR-190. Tikhonravov in 1948 proposed a type of multistage rocket in which the engines would work in parallel (packet) in order to achieve a greater flight range. His announcement was met with ridicule and skepticism by his scientific colleagues because at that time, it was believed that 1000 km was the absolute limit for rocket range. In NII-4 he led a team of researchers that did important studies on packet rockets, satellite orbital motion, optimal pitch control programs for launching into orbit, reentry trajectories and heat shielding. This team designed Sputnik-3, Luna-1, Luna-3, Luna-4 and the early Venus and Mars probes. In 1956, Sergey Korolev had Tikhonravov and his team (including Mstislav Keldysh) transferred into his bureau, OKB-1.[1]
After the launch of Sputnik-1 and a satellite with an animal on board, Tikhonravov (along with a number of other scientists) received the Lenin award (1957).
While he was not credited for much of his work Michail Tikhonravov was a lead scientist for the Sputnik 1 rocket and satellite
The classically educated Tikhonravov has been credited for coining and popularizing the term cosmonaut ("space traveller"), to be distinct from the English astronaut.[2][3]
^"Sputnik remembered: The first race to space (part 1) (page 1)". www.thespacereview.com. The Space Review. October 2, 2017. from the original on 2019-04-24.
^Brzezinski, Matthew (2007). Red Moon Rising: Sputnik and the Hidden Rivalries That Ignited the Space Age. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p. 108. ISBN978-0-8050-8147-3.
^Gruntman, Mike (2004). Blazing the Trail: The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry. Reston, VA: AIAA. p. 326. ISBN9781563477058.
^"Planetary Names: Welcome". usgs.gov. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
"S. P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of life and creativity" - edited by C. A. Lopota, RSC Energia. S. P. Korolev, 2014 ISBN978-5-906674-04-3
External linksEdit
Detailed Biography by Anatoly Zak
Sputnik Biographies--Mikhail K. Tikhonravov (1901-1974), NASA
October 21, 2023
mikhail, tikhonravov, mikhail, klavdievich, tikhonravov, july, 1900, march, 1974, soviet, engineer, pioneer, spacecraft, design, rocketry, 1925, born, vladimir, russia, attended, zhukovsky, force, academy, from, 1922, 1925, where, exposed, konstantin, tsiolkov. Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov July 29 1900 March 3 1974 was a Soviet engineer who was a pioneer of spacecraft design and rocketry Mikhail Tikhonravov in 1925Mikhail Tikhonravov was born in Vladimir Russia He attended the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy from 1922 to 1925 where he was exposed to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky s ideas of spaceflight After graduation and until 1931 worked in several aircraft industries and was engaged in developing gliders From 1931 and on devoted himself to the development of the field of rocketry In 1932 he joined Group for the Study of Reactive Motion GIRD as one of the four brigade leaders His brigade built the GIRD 09 rocket fueled by liquid oxygen and jellied gasoline and launched on August 17 1933 Tikhonravov became part of the Reactive Scientific Research Institute RNII when GIRD and the Gas Dynamics Laboratory GDL merged in 1933 From 1938 Tikhonravov researched rocket engines with liquid fuel and developed rockets for the purpose of upper atmosphere layers research In the end of the 1930s the development of rockets with liquid fuel was stopped and Tikhonravov concentrated on the development of the projectiles of the weapon system Katyusha rocket launcher In 1946 he became deputy chief of NII 4 in the Academy of Artillery Science and developed Project VR 190 Tikhonravov in 1948 proposed a type of multistage rocket in which the engines would work in parallel packet in order to achieve a greater flight range His announcement was met with ridicule and skepticism by his scientific colleagues because at that time it was believed that 1000 km was the absolute limit for rocket range In NII 4 he led a team of researchers that did important studies on packet rockets satellite orbital motion optimal pitch control programs for launching into orbit reentry trajectories and heat shielding This team designed Sputnik 3 Luna 1 Luna 3 Luna 4 and the early Venus and Mars probes In 1956 Sergey Korolev had Tikhonravov and his team including Mstislav Keldysh transferred into his bureau OKB 1 1 After the launch of Sputnik 1 and a satellite with an animal on board Tikhonravov along with a number of other scientists received the Lenin award 1957 While he was not credited for much of his work Michail Tikhonravov was a lead scientist for the Sputnik 1 rocket and satelliteThe classically educated Tikhonravov has been credited for coining and popularizing the term cosmonaut space traveller to be distinct from the English astronaut 2 3 Tikhonravov Crater on Mars is named after Mikhail Tikhonravov 4 References Edit Sputnik remembered The first race to space part 1 page 1 www thespacereview com The Space Review October 2 2017 Archived from the original on 2019 04 24 Brzezinski Matthew 2007 Red Moon Rising Sputnik and the Hidden Rivalries That Ignited the Space Age New York Henry Holt amp Co p 108 ISBN 978 0 8050 8147 3 Gruntman Mike 2004 Blazing the Trail The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry Reston VA AIAA p 326 ISBN 9781563477058 Planetary Names Welcome usgs gov Retrieved 2 September 2015 Literature Edit Rockets and people B E Chertok M mechanical engineering 1999 ISBN 5 217 02942 0 S P Korolev Encyclopedia of life and creativity edited by C A Lopota RSC Energia S P Korolev 2014 ISBN 978 5 906674 04 3External links EditDetailed Biography by Anatoly Zak Sputnik Biographies Mikhail K Tikhonravov 1901 1974 NASA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mikhail Tikhonravov amp oldid 1133227861, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
