A microantibody is an artificial short chain of amino acids copied from a fully functional natural antibody. Microantibodies can stop viruses such as HIV from infecting cells in vitro.[1]
Antibodies are produced naturally by the body and play a key role in fighting infections caused by bacteria and viruses. They can also be used to treat infections by use of injections with blood plasma that contain large amounts of them.[2] The use of whole, natural antibodies as medicines presents many problems: they can only be produced by live cells and this process is difficult to control on an industrial scale, they are large molecules and following administration by injection, they do not diffuse easily from the blood to the tissues and other sites of infections where they are needed.[3]
The use of microantibodies potentially solves these problems. They can be chemically synthesized and their small size allows them to leave the blood circulation quickly and reach the sites of infections in the tissues. They are also poorly immunogenic and do not stimulate an immune response in the host. Production problems remain, but microantibodies have the potential to become an important weapon in the arsenal used to treat infections and other diseases.[4]
Vaccines are used to prevent infections by stimulating the body's own immunity, which includes the production of antibodies that destroy infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. Some infections can be prevented or treated by antibodies derived from others sources such as blood donations or monoclonal antibodies made in laboratories. This is called passive immunotherapy. However, these treatments have inherent problems; passive antibody exposes the body to foreign protein and although monoclonal antibodies can be humanized[5] they can still invoke an immune response. However, only relatively small regions on antibody molecules are involved in the recognition and inactivation of pathogens. Microantibodies are smaller, synthetic molecules that mimic these regions but do not have the larger regions on antibodies that induce an immune response.[1]
Prototypeedit
A microantibody has been made from a monoclonal antibody produced in mouse cells. This antibody inactivates HIVin vitro.[1]
^ abcHeap CJ, Wang Y, Pinheiro TJ, Reading SA, Jennings KR, Dimmock NJ (June 2005). "Analysis of a 17-amino acid residue, virus-neutralizing microantibody". The Journal of General Virology. 86 (Pt 6): 1791–800. doi:10.1099/vir.0.80812-0. PMID 15914858.
^Rietveld E, Steyerberg EW, Polder JJ, Veeze HJ, Vergouwe Y, Huysman MW, de Groot R, Moll HA (July 2010). "Passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus: a cost-effectiveness analysis". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 (7): 493–8. doi:10.1136/adc.2008.155556. PMID 20504841.
^Bakker JM, Bleeker WK, Parren PW (September 2004). "Therapeutic antibody gene transfer: an active approach to passive immunity". Molecular Therapy. 10 (3): 411–6. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.06.865. PMID 15336642.
^Fujii I (November 2009). "[Beyond antibodies: generation of conformationally constrained peptides for molecular-targeting therapy]". Yakugaku Zasshi (in Japanese). 129 (11): 1303–9. doi:10.1248/yakushi.129.1303. PMID 19881201.
^Cattaneo A (February 2010). "Tanezumab, a recombinant humanized mAb against nerve growth factor for the treatment of acute and chronic pain". Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics. 12 (1): 94–106. PMID 20140821.
April 14, 2024
microantibody, microantibody, artificial, short, chain, amino, acids, copied, from, fully, functional, natural, antibody, microantibodies, stop, viruses, such, from, infecting, cells, vitro, antibodies, produced, naturally, body, play, role, fighting, infectio. A microantibody is an artificial short chain of amino acids copied from a fully functional natural antibody Microantibodies can stop viruses such as HIV from infecting cells in vitro 1 Antibodies are produced naturally by the body and play a key role in fighting infections caused by bacteria and viruses They can also be used to treat infections by use of injections with blood plasma that contain large amounts of them 2 The use of whole natural antibodies as medicines presents many problems they can only be produced by live cells and this process is difficult to control on an industrial scale they are large molecules and following administration by injection they do not diffuse easily from the blood to the tissues and other sites of infections where they are needed 3 The use of microantibodies potentially solves these problems They can be chemically synthesized and their small size allows them to leave the blood circulation quickly and reach the sites of infections in the tissues They are also poorly immunogenic and do not stimulate an immune response in the host Production problems remain but microantibodies have the potential to become an important weapon in the arsenal used to treat infections and other diseases 4 Contents 1 Background 2 Prototype 3 See also 4 ReferencesBackground editVaccines are used to prevent infections by stimulating the body s own immunity which includes the production of antibodies that destroy infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses Some infections can be prevented or treated by antibodies derived from others sources such as blood donations or monoclonal antibodies made in laboratories This is called passive immunotherapy However these treatments have inherent problems passive antibody exposes the body to foreign protein and although monoclonal antibodies can be humanized 5 they can still invoke an immune response However only relatively small regions on antibody molecules are involved in the recognition and inactivation of pathogens Microantibodies are smaller synthetic molecules that mimic these regions but do not have the larger regions on antibodies that induce an immune response 1 Prototype editA microantibody has been made from a monoclonal antibody produced in mouse cells This antibody inactivates HIV in vitro 1 See also editSingle domain antibodyReferences edit a b c Heap CJ Wang Y Pinheiro TJ Reading SA Jennings KR Dimmock NJ June 2005 Analysis of a 17 amino acid residue virus neutralizing microantibody The Journal of General Virology 86 Pt 6 1791 800 doi 10 1099 vir 0 80812 0 PMID 15914858 Rietveld E Steyerberg EW Polder JJ Veeze HJ Vergouwe Y Huysman MW de Groot R Moll HA July 2010 Passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus a cost effectiveness analysis Archives of Disease in Childhood 95 7 493 8 doi 10 1136 adc 2008 155556 PMID 20504841 Bakker JM Bleeker WK Parren PW September 2004 Therapeutic antibody gene transfer an active approach to passive immunity Molecular Therapy 10 3 411 6 doi 10 1016 j ymthe 2004 06 865 PMID 15336642 Fujii I November 2009 Beyond antibodies generation of conformationally constrained peptides for molecular targeting therapy Yakugaku Zasshi in Japanese 129 11 1303 9 doi 10 1248 yakushi 129 1303 PMID 19881201 Cattaneo A February 2010 Tanezumab a recombinant humanized mAb against nerve growth factor for the treatment of acute and chronic pain Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics 12 1 94 106 PMID 20140821 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Microantibody amp oldid 950466401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
