Kanba was one of the 76 student activists who were arrested at a January 26, 1960 sit-in at Haneda Airport.[4] She also participated in protests around the Diet Building. She was killed just inside the South Gate of the National Diet Building after a group of students broke into the gate and clashed with riot police. An autopsy later determined that she died from chest compression and intracranial bleeding. Police claim that she was knocked down and trampled to death, while students blamed her death on physical assaults by police officers.
After her death, Kanba's personal writings and political essays were collected and published under the title "The Smile Nobody Knows" (Japanese: 人しれず微笑もん).[5] In her writings, she discusses her life and activism.
Legacyedit
Kanba's death was widely covered at the time, and is seen as a symbol of the 1960 mass protests against the revised Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan. A political cartoon that ran in the popular journal Sekai a month after Kanba's death depicted a yakuza gangster lighting a cigarette for a policeman as they both stand over her dead body in front of the National Diet Building.[6]
Historian Nick Kapur argues that nationwide shock at Kanba's death helped force the resignation of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi and the cancellation of a planned visit to Japan by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[7] Kapur says Kanba's death was viewed as a "triple tragedy," first because she was so young, second because she was a student at Japan's most elite university, and third, because she was a woman, at a time when it was still novel for women to participate on the front lines of street protests.[8]Eiji Oguma has contended that Kanba's death evoked recent memories of the many young people who lost their lives in World War II.[9] Hiroko Hirakawa framed Kanba's posthumous status as a "maiden martyr" as reflecting contemporary expectations about middle-class femininity and motherhood.[10] Chelsea Szendi Schieder argues that the global 1960s began in Japan with Kanba's death.[11]
Photographer Hiroshi Hamaya captured the events of the night Kanba was killed.[12]
Akiko Esashi wrote a biography in Japanese on Kanba in 2010, under the title Michiko Kanba: Legend of a Sacred Girl (Japanese: 樺美智子ー聖少女伝説).[13]
Referencesedit
^Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 30. ISBN9780674988484.
^Siniawer, Eiko Maruko (2013). Bridenthal, Renate (ed.). "Befitting Bedfellows". The Hidden History of Crime, Corruption, and States. Berghahn Books: 112.
^Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN9780674988484.
^Nick Kapur (September 25, 2018). "Japan's 1960 Protests and the Contemporary World". Soundcloud (Podcast). Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Harvard University. Event occurs at 15:52. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
^Oguma, Eiji (2002). Minshu to aikoku: sengo Nihon no nashonarizumu to kōkyōsei (Democracy and Patriotism: Nationalism and Community in Postwar Japan). Tokyo: Shinyōsha. pp. 530–539.
^Hirakawa, Hiroko (2017). "Maiden Martyr for "New Japan": The 1960 Ampo and the Rhetoric of the Other Michiko". U.S.-Japan Women's Journal. 51: 12–27. doi:10.1353/jwj.2017.0003. S2CID 191528863.
^Schieder, Chelsea Szendi (2010). "Two, Three, Many 1960s". Monthly Review Online.
^Jesty, Justin. "Tokyo 1960: Days of Rage and Grief". MIT Visualizing Cultures. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
^Hirano, Keiji (June 11, 2010). "Legacy of 1960 protest movement lives on". The Japan Times.
January 01, 1970
michiko, kanba, 美智子, kanba, michiko, november, 1937, june, 1960, japanese, communist, university, tokyo, undergraduate, zengakuren, activist, died, clashes, between, demonstrators, police, south, gate, national, diet, building, central, tokyo, climax, 1960, an. Michiko Kanba 樺 美智子 Kanba Michiko November 8 1937 June 15 1960 was a Japanese communist University of Tokyo undergraduate and a Zengakuren activist She died in clashes between demonstrators and police at the South Gate of the National Diet Building in central Tokyo at the climax of the 1960 Anpo Protests against the US Japan Security Treaty 1 Michiko Kanba樺 美智子Born 1937 11 08 November 8 1937Tokyo JapanDiedJune 15 1960 1960 06 15 aged 22 South Gate of the National Diet BuildingCause of deathPolice clashKnown forThe Smile Nobody KnowsParentToshio Kanba father Activism and writing editMichiko Kanba was born in Tokyo Her father was Toshio Kanba a sociologist and professor at Chuo University 2 Kanba was raised in a middle class Christian household and entered University of Tokyo in 1957 and joined the Japan Communist Party on November of that year After that she became a leader in the New Left organization The Bund and participated in the massive Anpo Protests against the revisions of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan 3 Kanba was one of the 76 student activists who were arrested at a January 26 1960 sit in at Haneda Airport 4 She also participated in protests around the Diet Building She was killed just inside the South Gate of the National Diet Building after a group of students broke into the gate and clashed with riot police An autopsy later determined that she died from chest compression and intracranial bleeding Police claim that she was knocked down and trampled to death while students blamed her death on physical assaults by police officers After her death Kanba s personal writings and political essays were collected and published under the title The Smile Nobody Knows Japanese 人しれず微笑もん 5 In her writings she discusses her life and activism Legacy editKanba s death was widely covered at the time and is seen as a symbol of the 1960 mass protests against the revised Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan A political cartoon that ran in the popular journal Sekai a month after Kanba s death depicted a yakuza gangster lighting a cigarette for a policeman as they both stand over her dead body in front of the National Diet Building 6 Historian Nick Kapur argues that nationwide shock at Kanba s death helped force the resignation of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi and the cancellation of a planned visit to Japan by U S President Dwight D Eisenhower 7 Kapur says Kanba s death was viewed as a triple tragedy first because she was so young second because she was a student at Japan s most elite university and third because she was a woman at a time when it was still novel for women to participate on the front lines of street protests 8 Eiji Oguma has contended that Kanba s death evoked recent memories of the many young people who lost their lives in World War II 9 Hiroko Hirakawa framed Kanba s posthumous status as a maiden martyr as reflecting contemporary expectations about middle class femininity and motherhood 10 Chelsea Szendi Schieder argues that the global 1960s began in Japan with Kanba s death 11 Photographer Hiroshi Hamaya captured the events of the night Kanba was killed 12 Akiko Esashi wrote a biography in Japanese on Kanba in 2010 under the title Michiko Kanba Legend of a Sacred Girl Japanese 樺美智子ー聖少女伝説 13 References edit Kapur Nick 2018 Japan at the Crossroads Conflict and Compromise after Anpo Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 30 ISBN 9780674988484 樺俊雄の墓 Fukuma Yoshiaki 1990 Senso taiken no sengoshi sedai kyoyo ideorogii 戦争体験 の戦後史 世代 教養 イデオロギー Chuko shinsho p 117 Goda Ichido 2005 Gekido Showashi genba kensho sengo jiken fairu 22 激動昭和史現場検証 戦後事件ファイル22 Shinpusha p 238 Kanba Michiko 1960 Hito shirezu hohoemon 人しれず微笑もん Tokyo San ichi shinsho Siniawer Eiko Maruko 2013 Bridenthal Renate ed Befitting Bedfellows The Hidden History of Crime Corruption and States Berghahn Books 112 Kapur Nick 2018 Japan at the Crossroads Conflict and Compromise after Anpo Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press pp 32 33 ISBN 9780674988484 Nick Kapur September 25 2018 Japan s 1960 Protests and the Contemporary World Soundcloud Podcast Program on U S Japan Relations Harvard University Event occurs at 15 52 Retrieved June 10 2021 Oguma Eiji 2002 Minshu to aikoku sengo Nihon no nashonarizumu to kōkyōsei Democracy and Patriotism Nationalism and Community in Postwar Japan Tokyo Shinyōsha pp 530 539 Hirakawa Hiroko 2017 Maiden Martyr for New Japan The 1960 Ampo and the Rhetoric of the Other Michiko U S Japan Women s Journal 51 12 27 doi 10 1353 jwj 2017 0003 S2CID 191528863 Schieder Chelsea Szendi 2010 Two Three Many 1960s Monthly Review Online Jesty Justin Tokyo 1960 Days of Rage and Grief MIT Visualizing Cultures Retrieved March 8 2018 Hirano Keiji June 11 2010 Legacy of 1960 protest movement lives on The Japan Times Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Michiko Kanba amp oldid 1212684278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
