Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophicgram-negative, non-motile coccoid bacterium. M. capsulatus are thermotolerant; their cells are encapsulated and tend to have a diplococcoid shape. In addition to methane, M. capsulatus is able to oxidize some organic hydrogen containing compounds such as methanol. It has been used commercially to produce animal feed from natural gas.[1][2]
Methylococcus capsulatus is a Type I methanotroph, meaning that it is a member of the Gammaproteobacteria and that it utilizes the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP) for formaldehyde assimilation. Methane is first oxidized to methanol, which then gets converted into formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can then be (1) further oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide for energy production or (2) assimilated into biomass.
Various strains of M. capsulatus have been isolated and studied, particularly M. capsulatus (Bath), M. capsulatus (Texas) and M. capsulatus (Aberdeen).
The genome sequence of M. capsulatus (Bath) is available.[3]
Growth requirements
M. capsulatus has also been demonstrated to be thermotolerant – that is, it can grow well up to 50 °C, though its optimum growth temperature is 37 °C.[4] In addition, M. capsulatus can live in conditions in which there is little molecular oxygen available.[citation needed]
Commercial use
In 1999, Norferm a subsidiary of the Norwegian oil company Statoil, opened a 10,000 tons per year plant to produce animal feed from natural gas from M. capsulatus[1] in Tjeldbergodden, Norway.[5] The plant was shut down in 2006 because of low animal feed prices, the product had not yet been approved by the EU[2] and high natural gas prices.[6]
In 2016 Calysta, an American biotech company, opened a plant in Teesside, UK, to produce up to 100 tons of fish feed a year from natural gas using M. capsulatus.[2] The company also announced plans to build a similar plant in Memphis, Tennessee[7] with an eventual capacity of 200,000 ton a year with the agricultural business company Cargill.[2][8] Another company, Unibio, also opened a plant to produce animal feed from natural gas in 2016 with a capacity of 80 tons per year using M. capsulatus in Kalundborg, Denmark.[9] In 2018 a licensee of Unibio constructed an industrial scale plant in Ivangorod, Russia close to the border of Estonia. The plant has a capacity of 6,000 tonnes of protein per year.[10]
References
^ ab(PDF). Biiomass Production. Norferm. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
^ abcdLe Page, Michael (19 November 2016). "Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals – and us". New Scientist. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
^Ward, Naomi; Larsen, ØIvind; Sakwa, James; Bruseth, Live; Khouri, Hoda; Durkin, A. Scott; Dimitrov, George; Jiang, Lingxia; et al. (2004). "Genomic insights into methanotrophy: The complete genome sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)". PLOS Biology. 2 (10): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020303. PMC517821. PMID 15383840.
^Foster, J.; Davis, Richard (May 1966). "A Methane-Dependent Coccus, with Notes on Classification and Nomenclature of Obligate, Methane-Utilizing Bacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 91 (5): 1924–1931. doi:10.1128/JB.91.5.1924-1931.1966. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC316146. PMID 5937247.
^"Bioprotein begins". Statoil. 17 February 1999. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^Fletcher, Rob (10 July 2015). "Making a meal out of methane". Fish Farming Expert. Norsk Fiskeoppdrett AS. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^Lane, Jim (4 December 2016). "Going to Graceland: Cargill, Calysta select Tennessee for methane-to-feed project". Biofuels Digest. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^"New venture selects Cargill's Tennessee site to produce Calysta FeedKind® Protein" (Press release). Calysta. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
^"Unibio completes commercial plant in Denmark and enters commercial phase". Business Wire. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^Byrne, J. (13 Sep 2018). "Construction complete on Unibio backed methane to protein plant in Russia". feednavigator.com. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
January 24, 2023
methylococcus, capsulatus, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Methylococcus capsulatus news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophic gram negative non motile coccoid bacterium M capsulatus are thermotolerant their cells are encapsulated and tend to have a diplococcoid shape In addition to methane M capsulatus is able to oxidize some organic hydrogen containing compounds such as methanol It has been used commercially to produce animal feed from natural gas 1 2 Methylococcus capsulatusScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum PseudomonadotaClass GammaproteobacteriaOrder MethylococcalesFamily MethylococcaceaeGenus MethylococcusSpecies M capsulatusBinomial nameMethylococcus capsulatusFoster and Davis 1966 Approved Lists 1980 Contents 1 Metabolism and genetics 2 Growth requirements 3 Commercial use 4 ReferencesMetabolism and genetics EditMethylococcus capsulatus is a Type I methanotroph meaning that it is a member of the Gammaproteobacteria and that it utilizes the ribulose monophosphate pathway RuMP for formaldehyde assimilation Methane is first oxidized to methanol which then gets converted into formaldehyde Formaldehyde can then be 1 further oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide for energy production or 2 assimilated into biomass Various strains of M capsulatus have been isolated and studied particularly M capsulatus Bath M capsulatus Texas and M capsulatus Aberdeen The genome sequence of M capsulatus Bath is available 3 Growth requirements EditM capsulatus has also been demonstrated to be thermotolerant that is it can grow well up to 50 C though its optimum growth temperature is 37 C 4 In addition M capsulatus can live in conditions in which there is little molecular oxygen available citation needed Commercial use EditIn 1999 Norferm a subsidiary of the Norwegian oil company Statoil opened a 10 000 tons per year plant to produce animal feed from natural gas from M capsulatus 1 in Tjeldbergodden Norway 5 The plant was shut down in 2006 because of low animal feed prices the product had not yet been approved by the EU 2 and high natural gas prices 6 In 2016 Calysta an American biotech company opened a plant in Teesside UK to produce up to 100 tons of fish feed a year from natural gas using M capsulatus 2 The company also announced plans to build a similar plant in Memphis Tennessee 7 with an eventual capacity of 200 000 ton a year with the agricultural business company Cargill 2 8 Another company Unibio also opened a plant to produce animal feed from natural gas in 2016 with a capacity of 80 tons per year using M capsulatus in Kalundborg Denmark 9 In 2018 a licensee of Unibio constructed an industrial scale plant in Ivangorod Russia close to the border of Estonia The plant has a capacity of 6 000 tonnes of protein per year 10 References Edit a b Natures Value Chain PDF Biiomass Production Norferm Archived from the original PDF on 2019 08 02 Retrieved 2016 12 12 a b c d Le Page Michael 19 November 2016 Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals and us New Scientist Retrieved 11 December 2016 Ward Naomi Larsen OIvind Sakwa James Bruseth Live Khouri Hoda Durkin A Scott Dimitrov George Jiang Lingxia et al 2004 Genomic insights into methanotrophy The complete genome sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath PLOS Biology 2 10 e303 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 0020303 PMC 517821 PMID 15383840 Foster J Davis Richard May 1966 A Methane Dependent Coccus with Notes on Classification and Nomenclature of Obligate Methane Utilizing Bacteria Journal of Bacteriology 91 5 1924 1931 doi 10 1128 JB 91 5 1924 1931 1966 ISSN 0021 9193 PMC 316146 PMID 5937247 Bioprotein begins Statoil 17 February 1999 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Fletcher Rob 10 July 2015 Making a meal out of methane Fish Farming Expert Norsk Fiskeoppdrett AS Retrieved 12 December 2016 Lane Jim 4 December 2016 Going to Graceland Cargill Calysta select Tennessee for methane to feed project Biofuels Digest Retrieved 13 December 2016 New venture selects Cargill s Tennessee site to produce Calysta FeedKind Protein Press release Calysta 29 November 2016 Retrieved 11 December 2016 Unibio completes commercial plant in Denmark and enters commercial phase Business Wire 31 October 2016 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Byrne J 13 Sep 2018 Construction complete on Unibio backed methane to protein plant in Russia feednavigator com Retrieved 2022 09 06 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Methylococcus capsulatus amp oldid 1108752837, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
