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Mesotherapy

April 13, 2024

Mesotherapy (from Greek mesos, "middle", and therapy from Greek therapeia) is a form of alternative medicine which involves intradermal or subcutaneous injections of pharmaceutical preparations, enzymes, hormones, plant extracts, vitamins, and/or other ingredients such as hyaluronic acid. It has no proven clinical efficacy and poor scientific backing. Mesotherapy injections allegedly target adipose fat cells, apparently by inducing lipolysis, rupture and cell death among adipocytes.[1] The stated aim of mesotherapy is to provide the skin with essential nutrients, hydration, and other beneficial compounds to rejuvenate and revitalize its appearance.

The effects of the treatment may vary depending on the individual.[2]

Pressurized mesotherapy is a needle-free method that uses an accelerated jet of air to insert the ingredients into the skin tissue.[3] A study on the effect of using a lipolytic substance inserted with needles compared to pressurized injection showed significant fat layer reduction for both methods but even better results with the pressurized injection system.[4]

Usage edit

In the United States, deoxycholic acid, under the brand name Kybella, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for reducing moderate-to-severe fat below the chin.[5][6] When injected into submental fat, deoxycholic acid helps destroy adipocytes (fat cells), which are metabolized by the body over the course of several months.[6] Deoxycholic acid has not been approved for injection elsewhere in the body.

There is no conclusive research proof that any chemical compounds work to target adipose (fat cells) specifically. Cell lysis, resulting from the detergent action of deoxycholic acid, may account for any clinical effect.[7]

History edit

Michel Pistor (1924–2003) performed clinical research and founded the field of mesotherapy.

The French press coined the term mesotherapy in 1958. The French Académie Nationale de Médecine recognized mesotherapy as a specialty of medicine in 1987. The French Society of Mesotherapy recognizes its use as treatment for various conditions but makes no mention of its use in plastic surgery.[8] Popular throughout European countries and South America, mesotherapy is practiced by approximately 18,000 physicians worldwide.[citation needed]

Criticism edit

Physicians have expressed concern over the efficacy of mesotherapy, arguing that the treatment hasn't been studied enough to make a determination. Mesotherapy for the treatment of cosmetic conditions hasn't been the subject of standard clinical trials; however, the procedure has been studied for pain relief for several ailments, such as tendonitis, tendon calcification, dental procedures, cancer, cervicobrachialgia, arthritis, lymphedema, and venous stasis.[7]

Despite the lack of clinical trials, there have been case studies and medical papers written on mesotherapy as a cosmetic treatment.[7]

Rod Rohrich, M.D., chairman of the Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is quoted as saying: "There is simply no data, no science and no information, to my knowledge, that mesotherapy works." The American Society of Plastic Surgeons issued a position statement not endorsing mesotherapy.[citation needed]

In the United States, the FDA cannot control the act of practitioners injecting various mixtures into patient's bodies, because this practice falls under the jurisdiction of state medical boards.

Robin Ashinoff, speaking for the American Academy of Dermatology, wrote "A simple injection is giving people false hope. Everybody's looking for a quick fix. But there is no quick fix for fat or fat deposits or for cellulite." The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery informed its members in February 2005 that "further study is warranted before this technique can be endorsed."[9]

"No one says exactly what they put into the (syringe)," said Naomi Lawrence, a derma-surgeon at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. "One drug they often use, phosphatidylcholine, is unpredictable and causes extreme inflammation and swelling where injected. It is not a benign drug."[10]

Mesotherapy is currently banned in a number of South American countries. Even Brazil, which tends to be less strict than the US in drug approvals, has banned the drug for these purposes.[10]

In Australia, an alternative therapy salon was investigated by the Health Department after several clients developed skin abscesses on the calves, buttocks, thighs, abdomen, shoulders, face and neck after undergoing mesotherapy, with one patient also developing a mycobacterial infection.[11]

Following undesirable effects observed on several patients of a French practitioner, an official ratification was published in France in April 2011 to ban mesotherapy as a method for removing fat deposits. This ban was canceled in June 2011 by the French Council of State because the investigation proved that these undesirable effects weren't due to mesotherapy itself, but were due to unhygienic conditions.[12]

Clinical studies edit

In a prospective study, 10 patients underwent four sessions of facial mesotherapy using multivitamins at monthly intervals. This study found that there was no clinically relevant benefit for skin rejuvenation.[13]

Deoxycholic acid received FDA approval as an injectable to dissolve submental fat June 2015.[6] This was based on the results of a phase III randomized trial of 2600 patients in which 68.2% of patients showed a response by measurement of the fat deposit; 81% had mild temporary adverse reactions of bruising, swelling, pain, numbness, erythema, and firmness around the treated area.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ Rittes, PG; Rittes, JC; Carriel, Amary MF (2006). "Injection of phosphatidylcholine in fat tissue: experimental study of local action in rabbits". Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 30 (4): 474–8. doi:10.1007/s00266-005-0170-5. PMID 16858660. S2CID 21533809.
  2. ^ "Things to Pay Attention to After Mesotherapy Injections". Fillercloud. 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  3. ^ da Silva RL, de Oliveira FA, Medeiros RG, Cunha SV, de Morais Gouveia GP (2021). "What is the physical-mechanical mechanism of pressurized mesotherapy?". Medical Hypotheses. 152: 110617. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110617. PMID 34082278. S2CID 235334561.
  4. ^ Maia RR, da Silva RM, Meyer PF, de Morais Carreiro E, dos Santos Borges F, Rodriguez J, Farias SL, de Oliveira Varela GT (2021). "Comparative study of Intradermotherapy with pressurized injection system and needles". The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery. 38 (3): 171–180. doi:10.1177/0748806821990167. S2CID 234020649.
  5. ^ "Kybella- deoxycholic acid injection, solution". DailyMed. from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b c . Food and Drug Administration. April 29, 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c Rotunda, Adam; Kolodney, Michael (April 2006). (PDF). Dermatologic Surgery. 32 (4): 465–480. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.506.2372. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32100.x. PMID 16681654. S2CID 9994696. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
  9. ^ Matarasso, Seth; Butterwick, Kimberly; Goldberg, David; Lawrence, Naomi; Mandy, Stephen; Sadick, Neil; Wexler, Patricia; Rotunda, Adam (January 2006). . American Society for Dermatological Surgery. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  10. ^ a b Puente, Maria (August 4, 2004). "Critics say mesotherapy offers slim chance". USA Today. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  11. ^ "Cellulite therapy under investigation". ABC News. 2008-06-26.
  12. ^ Conseil d'État : Ordonnance du 17 juin 2011, SARL Cellusonic et autres, Madame Valérie A. et autres 2012-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Amin S, Phelps R, Goldberg D (2006). "Mesotherapy for facial skin rejuvenation: a clinical, histologic, and electron microscopic evaluation". Dermatologic Surgery. 32 (12): 1467–72. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32353.x. PMID 17199654. S2CID 20652180.
  14. ^ "Deoxycholic acid injectable for submental Fat dissolution". The Dermatologist. 23 (5): 8. 2015.

External links edit

  • American Board of Aesthetic Mesotherapy
  • Professional Board of Mesotherapy Atlanta 2016-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  • Mesotherapy For Hair Loss

April 13, 2024
mesotherapy, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, more, reliable, medical, references, verification, relies, heavily, primary, sources,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mesotherapy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2015 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mesotherapy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s factual accuracy is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help improve this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Mesotherapy from Greek mesos middle and therapy from Greek therapeia is a form of alternative medicine which involves intradermal or subcutaneous injections of pharmaceutical preparations enzymes hormones plant extracts vitamins and or other ingredients such as hyaluronic acid It has no proven clinical efficacy and poor scientific backing Mesotherapy injections allegedly target adipose fat cells apparently by inducing lipolysis rupture and cell death among adipocytes 1 The stated aim of mesotherapy is to provide the skin with essential nutrients hydration and other beneficial compounds to rejuvenate and revitalize its appearance The effects of the treatment may vary depending on the individual 2 Pressurized mesotherapy is a needle free method that uses an accelerated jet of air to insert the ingredients into the skin tissue 3 A study on the effect of using a lipolytic substance inserted with needles compared to pressurized injection showed significant fat layer reduction for both methods but even better results with the pressurized injection system 4 Contents 1 Usage 2 History 3 Criticism 4 Clinical studies 5 References 6 External linksUsage editIn the United States deoxycholic acid under the brand name Kybella is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for reducing moderate to severe fat below the chin 5 6 When injected into submental fat deoxycholic acid helps destroy adipocytes fat cells which are metabolized by the body over the course of several months 6 Deoxycholic acid has not been approved for injection elsewhere in the body There is no conclusive research proof that any chemical compounds work to target adipose fat cells specifically Cell lysis resulting from the detergent action of deoxycholic acid may account for any clinical effect 7 History editMichel Pistor 1924 2003 performed clinical research and founded the field of mesotherapy The French press coined the term mesotherapy in 1958 The French Academie Nationale de Medecine recognized mesotherapy as a specialty of medicine in 1987 The French Society of Mesotherapy recognizes its use as treatment for various conditions but makes no mention of its use in plastic surgery 8 Popular throughout European countries and South America mesotherapy is practiced by approximately 18 000 physicians worldwide citation needed Criticism editPhysicians have expressed concern over the efficacy of mesotherapy arguing that the treatment hasn t been studied enough to make a determination Mesotherapy for the treatment of cosmetic conditions hasn t been the subject of standard clinical trials however the procedure has been studied for pain relief for several ailments such as tendonitis tendon calcification dental procedures cancer cervicobrachialgia arthritis lymphedema and venous stasis 7 Despite the lack of clinical trials there have been case studies and medical papers written on mesotherapy as a cosmetic treatment 7 Rod Rohrich M D chairman of the Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is quoted as saying There is simply no data no science and no information to my knowledge that mesotherapy works The American Society of Plastic Surgeons issued a position statement not endorsing mesotherapy citation needed In the United States the FDA cannot control the act of practitioners injecting various mixtures into patient s bodies because this practice falls under the jurisdiction of state medical boards Robin Ashinoff speaking for the American Academy of Dermatology wrote A simple injection is giving people false hope Everybody s looking for a quick fix But there is no quick fix for fat or fat deposits or for cellulite The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery informed its members in February 2005 that further study is warranted before this technique can be endorsed 9 No one says exactly what they put into the syringe said Naomi Lawrence a derma surgeon at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey One drug they often use phosphatidylcholine is unpredictable and causes extreme inflammation and swelling where injected It is not a benign drug 10 Mesotherapy is currently banned in a number of South American countries Even Brazil which tends to be less strict than the US in drug approvals has banned the drug for these purposes 10 In Australia an alternative therapy salon was investigated by the Health Department after several clients developed skin abscesses on the calves buttocks thighs abdomen shoulders face and neck after undergoing mesotherapy with one patient also developing a mycobacterial infection 11 Following undesirable effects observed on several patients of a French practitioner an official ratification was published in France in April 2011 to ban mesotherapy as a method for removing fat deposits This ban was canceled in June 2011 by the French Council of State because the investigation proved that these undesirable effects weren t due to mesotherapy itself but were due to unhygienic conditions 12 Clinical studies editIn a prospective study 10 patients underwent four sessions of facial mesotherapy using multivitamins at monthly intervals This study found that there was no clinically relevant benefit for skin rejuvenation 13 Deoxycholic acid received FDA approval as an injectable to dissolve submental fat June 2015 6 This was based on the results of a phase III randomized trial of 2600 patients in which 68 2 of patients showed a response by measurement of the fat deposit 81 had mild temporary adverse reactions of bruising swelling pain numbness erythema and firmness around the treated area 14 References edit Rittes PG Rittes JC Carriel Amary MF 2006 Injection of phosphatidylcholine in fat tissue experimental study of local action in rabbits Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 30 4 474 8 doi 10 1007 s00266 005 0170 5 PMID 16858660 S2CID 21533809 Things to Pay Attention to After Mesotherapy Injections Fillercloud 2021 10 14 Retrieved 2023 03 02 da Silva RL de Oliveira FA Medeiros RG Cunha SV de Morais Gouveia GP 2021 What is the physical mechanical mechanism of pressurized mesotherapy Medical Hypotheses 152 110617 doi 10 1016 j mehy 2021 110617 PMID 34082278 S2CID 235334561 Maia RR da Silva RM Meyer PF de Morais Carreiro E dos Santos Borges F Rodriguez J Farias SL de Oliveira Varela GT 2021 Comparative study of Intradermotherapy with pressurized injection system and needles The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 38 3 171 180 doi 10 1177 0748806821990167 S2CID 234020649 Kybella deoxycholic acid injection solution DailyMed Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 Retrieved 20 June 2021 a b c FDA approves treatment for fat below the chin Food and Drug Administration April 29 2015 Archived from the original on May 1 2015 Retrieved December 16 2019 a b c Rotunda Adam Kolodney Michael April 2006 Mesotherapy and Phosphatidylcholine Injections Historical Clarification and Review PDF Dermatologic Surgery 32 4 465 480 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 506 2372 doi 10 1111 j 1524 4725 2006 32100 x PMID 16681654 S2CID 9994696 Archived from the original PDF on March 3 2016 Retrieved February 28 2012 French Society of Mesotherapy What s that Archived from the original on 2015 07 15 Retrieved 2015 07 15 Matarasso Seth Butterwick Kimberly Goldberg David Lawrence Naomi Mandy Stephen Sadick Neil Wexler Patricia Rotunda Adam January 2006 Technology report Mesotherapy American Society for Dermatological Surgery Archived from the original on January 9 2015 Retrieved February 27 2012 a b Puente Maria August 4 2004 Critics say mesotherapy offers slim chance USA Today Retrieved February 27 2012 Cellulite therapy under investigation ABC News 2008 06 26 Conseil d Etat Ordonnance du 17 juin 2011 SARL Cellusonic et autres Madame Valerie A et autres Archived 2012 02 16 at the Wayback Machine Amin S Phelps R Goldberg D 2006 Mesotherapy for facial skin rejuvenation a clinical histologic and electron microscopic evaluation Dermatologic Surgery 32 12 1467 72 doi 10 1111 j 1524 4725 2006 32353 x PMID 17199654 S2CID 20652180 Deoxycholic acid injectable for submental Fat dissolution The Dermatologist 23 5 8 2015 External links editAmerican Board of Aesthetic Mesotherapy French Society of Mesotherapy Professional Board of Mesotherapy Atlanta Archived 2016 03 25 at the Wayback Machine Mesotherapy For Hair Loss Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mesotherapy amp oldid 1214768203, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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