Men-yoroi (面鎧), also called menpō (面頬) or mengu (面具),[1][2][3] are various types of facial armour that were worn by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan. These include the sōmen, menpō, hanbō or hanpō, and happuri.
The men-yoroi, which covered all or part of the face, provided a way to secure the top-heavy kabuto (helmet). The Shinobi-no-o (chin cord) of the kabuto would be tied under the chin.[4] Small hooks called ori-kugi or posts called odome located on various places would help secure the chin cord. The men-yoroi was constructed from iron, leather, or a combination of both. It had a lacquered or rusted type of finish and included a variety of facial details, such as a moustache, fierce teeth and a detachable nose.[5][6] With the exception of the happuri, a men-yoroi had a small hole underneath the chin for sweat drainage.
Historyedit
Face armour in Japan begins with the happuri, which is depicted in Heian- and Kamakura-era yamato-e paintings[1] and is thought to have appeared during the 10th or 11th centuries.[7] It is depicted as being worn with or without a helmet by both mounted warriors and foot retainers. By the 14th century, the hōate appears, and according to Tom Conlan,[8] this development is behind decreased facial wound statistics. However, others, such as Yamagishi Sumio, believe that the hōate was not widespread at that time,[9] as it—and the later menpō—restricted the vision of the wearer.[7] Hōate are also portrayed in art and literature of the period, most notably the Aki no yo no Nagamonogatari scroll[10] and Taiheiki. The menpō (half-mask with detachable nosepiece) and the sōmen (full face mask) are believed to have been introduced around the mid to late 15th century, and the hanbō (chin guard) in the second half of the 16th century.[7]
Types of men-yoroiedit
A Japanese Edo period wood block print of various types of men-yoroi or mengu (facial armour)
Sōmenedit
Sōmen covered the entire face.
Menpōedit
Menpō covered the face from the nose down to the chin.
Hanbō (hanpō)edit
Hanbō covered the lower face from under the nose to the chin.
Happuriedit
Happuri covered the forehead and cheeks.
Parts of the men-yoroiedit
Odome, an attachment post for securing the chin strap of a kabuto (helmet)
Ori-kugi, an attachment hook for securing the chin strap of a kabuto (helmet)
Ase nagashi no ana, a drain hole (or tube) for perspiration located under the chin of various mengu
^Arms and armor of the samurai: the history of weaponry in ancient Japan, Authors Ian Bottomley, Anthony Hopson, Contributor Anthony Hopson, reprint, Publisher Crescent Books, 1993, Original from the University of Virginia, Digitized August 26, 2008, ISBN978-0-517-10318-0 P.77,178, 186
^The Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour Collection (Kabuto & Mengu, Volume I Trevor Absolon (Author), Brian Snoody (Illustrator), Barry Till (Preface), Anthony J. Bryant (Editor), Trevor Absolon & Dave thatcher (Photographer), Ian Bottomley (Introduction), Ian Bottomley & Anthony J. Bryant (Foreword) Publisher(Toraba), 2011 P.234
^Samurai: The Weapons and Spirit of the Japanese Warrior, Author Clive Sinclaire, ,Publisher Globe Pequot, 2004, ISBN978-1-59228-720-8 P.30,138
^Samurai 1550-1600, Anthony J. Bryant, Angus McBride, Osprey Publishing, 1994 p.28
^Samurai: The Weapons and Spirit of the Japanese Warrior, Author Clive Sinclaire, Publisher Globe Pequot, 2004, ISBN978-1-59228-720-8 P.30,138
^he Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour Collection (Kabuto & Mengu, Volume I) Trevor Absolon (Author), Brian Snoody (Illustrator), Barry Till (Preface), Anthony J. Bryant (Editor), Trevor Absolon & Dave thatcher (Photographer), Ian Bottomley (Introduction), Ian Bottomley & Anthony J. Bryant (Foreword) Publisher(Toraba), 2011 P.234]
^ abcOriental Armour Robinson, H. R. United States: Dover Publications. 2013 pp. 194
^State of war : the violent order of fourteenth century Japan Thomas Conlan. United States: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 2003 pp. 65
^Nihon Kachu no Kisoteki Chishiki Yamagishi, M., Miyazaki, M. Japan: 雄山閣. 1997 pp. 118-20
^"Unidentified artist | A Long Tale for an Autumn Night (Aki no yo nagamonogatari) | Japan | Muromachi period (1392–1573)". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved August 2, 2021.[title missing]
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mengu (facial armour).
Samurai Arms and Armor
Anthony Bryant's online Japanese armour manual
January 01, 1970
yoroi, mengu, redirects, here, burmese, village, meng, emperor, known, mengu, möngke, khan, turkish, name, mengü, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, int. Mengu redirects here For the Burmese village see Meng u For the emperor known as Mengu see Mongke Khan For the Turkish name see Mengu This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Men yoroi 面鎧 also called menpō 面頬 or mengu 面具 1 2 3 are various types of facial armour that were worn by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan These include the sōmen menpō hanbō or hanpō and happuri Shirohige Ressei menpo 18th century Edo period Tokyo Fuji Art Museum Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Types of men yoroi 3 1 Sōmen 3 2 Menpō 3 3 Hanbō hanpō 3 4 Happuri 3 5 Parts of the men yoroi 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDescription editThe men yoroi which covered all or part of the face provided a way to secure the top heavy kabuto helmet The Shinobi no o chin cord of the kabuto would be tied under the chin 4 Small hooks called ori kugi or posts called odome located on various places would help secure the chin cord The men yoroi was constructed from iron leather or a combination of both It had a lacquered or rusted type of finish and included a variety of facial details such as a moustache fierce teeth and a detachable nose 5 6 With the exception of the happuri a men yoroi had a small hole underneath the chin for sweat drainage History editFace armour in Japan begins with the happuri which is depicted in Heian and Kamakura era yamato e paintings 1 and is thought to have appeared during the 10th or 11th centuries 7 It is depicted as being worn with or without a helmet by both mounted warriors and foot retainers By the 14th century the hōate appears and according to Tom Conlan 8 this development is behind decreased facial wound statistics However others such as Yamagishi Sumio believe that the hōate was not widespread at that time 9 as it and the later menpō restricted the vision of the wearer 7 Hōate are also portrayed in art and literature of the period most notably the Aki no yo no Nagamonogatari scroll 10 and Taiheiki The menpō half mask with detachable nosepiece and the sōmen full face mask are believed to have been introduced around the mid to late 15th century and the hanbō chin guard in the second half of the 16th century 7 Types of men yoroi edit nbsp A Japanese Edo period wood block print of various types of men yoroi or mengu facial armour Sōmen edit Sōmen covered the entire face nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Menpō edit Menpō covered the face from the nose down to the chin nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Hanbō hanpō edit Hanbō covered the lower face from under the nose to the chin nbsp nbsp nbsp Happuri edit Happuri covered the forehead and cheeks nbsp nbsp Parts of the men yoroi edit nbsp Odome an attachment post for securing the chin strap of a kabuto helmet nbsp Ori kugi an attachment hook for securing the chin strap of a kabuto helmet nbsp Ase nagashi no ana a drain hole or tube for perspiration located under the chin of various mengu nbsp Yodare kake throat guard on various menguSee also editJapanese armour ō yoroiNotes edit1 See http digital princeton edu heijiscroll or Heiji monogatari References edit Arms and armor of the samurai the history of weaponry in ancient Japan Authors Ian Bottomley Anthony Hopson Contributor Anthony Hopson reprint Publisher Crescent Books 1993 Original from the University of Virginia Digitized August 26 2008 ISBN 978 0 517 10318 0 P 77 178 186 The Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour Collection Kabuto amp Mengu Volume I Trevor Absolon Author Brian Snoody Illustrator Barry Till Preface Anthony J Bryant Editor Trevor Absolon amp Dave thatcher Photographer Ian Bottomley Introduction Ian Bottomley amp Anthony J Bryant Foreword Publisher Toraba 2011 P 234 Samurai The Weapons and Spirit of the Japanese Warrior Author Clive Sinclaire Publisher Globe Pequot 2004 ISBN 978 1 59228 720 8 P 30 138 Samurai 1550 1600 Anthony J Bryant Angus McBride Osprey Publishing 1994 p 28 Samurai The Weapons and Spirit of the Japanese Warrior Author Clive Sinclaire Publisher Globe Pequot 2004 ISBN 978 1 59228 720 8 P 30 138 he Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour Collection Kabuto amp Mengu Volume I Trevor Absolon Author Brian Snoody Illustrator Barry Till Preface Anthony J Bryant Editor Trevor Absolon amp Dave thatcher Photographer Ian Bottomley Introduction Ian Bottomley amp Anthony J Bryant Foreword Publisher Toraba 2011 P 234 a b c Oriental Armour Robinson H R United States Dover Publications 2013 pp 194 State of war the violent order of fourteenth century Japan Thomas Conlan United States Center for Japanese Studies University of Michigan 2003 pp 65 Nihon Kachu no Kisoteki Chishiki Yamagishi M Miyazaki M Japan 雄山閣 1997 pp 118 20 Unidentified artist A Long Tale for an Autumn Night Aki no yo nagamonogatari Japan Muromachi period 1392 1573 www metmuseum org Retrieved August 2 2021 title missing External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mengu facial armour Samurai Arms and Armor Anthony Bryant s online Japanese armour manual Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Men yoroi amp oldid 1214480850, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
