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Mechanically separated meat

February 16, 2024

Not to be confused with Pink slime.

Mechanically separated meat (MSM), mechanically recovered/reclaimed meat (MRM), or mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is a paste-like meat product produced by forcing pureed or ground beef, pork, mutton, turkey or chicken under high pressure through a sieve or similar device to separate the bone from the edible meat tissue. It is sometimes called white slime as an analog to meat-additive pink slime and to meat extracted by advanced meat recovery systems, both of which are different processes. The process entails pureeing or grinding the carcass left after the manual removal of meat from the bones and then forcing the slurry through a sieve under pressure. This puree includes bone, bone marrow, skin, nerves, blood vessels, and the scraps of meat remaining on the bones.

Mechanically separated meat: pasztet
Mechanically deboned meat: frozen chicken

The resulting product is a blend primarily consisting of tissues not generally considered meat along with a much smaller amount of actual meat (muscle tissue). In some countries such as the United States, these non-meat materials are processed separately for human and non-human uses and consumption.[1] The process is controversial; Forbes, for example, called it a "not-so-appetizing meat production process".[2]

Mechanically separated meat has been used in certain meat and meat products, such as hot dogs and bologna sausage,[2] since the late 1960s. However, not all such meat products are manufactured using an MSM process.

Safety and regulation edit

United States edit

In the United States, mechanically separated poultry has been used in poultry products since 1969, after the National Academy of Sciences found it safe. Questions about safety arose in the 1980s, leading to a 1982 report by the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) which concluded that mechanically separated meat is safe and established a standard of identity.[3] The standard of identity puts a cap on the concentration of calcium, which indicates the presence of bone.[4] It also limits the maximum size of bone particles, the maximum fat content (and its peroxidation value), and the minimum amount of protein and essential amino acids.[5] Mechanically separated meat can only be used in a limited number of products (hot dogs are allowed, but hamburgers are not) up to 20% under the 1982 rule, and must be clearly labeled.[6]

In 1995, a U.S. Department of Agriculture-FSIS "final rule" (see 60 FR 55962, 60 FR 55982–3) established separate standards for mechanically separated poultry and other meat. Mechanically separated poultry still has calcium content and bone size limits, but no longer any limits on fat and protein levels. It is now considered safe to use without restriction on proportion, but still needs to be labeled clearly. The rule took effect in 1996.[7]

Significant restrictions were later placed on mechanically separated beef due to concerns about bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "mad cow disease". Ultimately, products with mechanically separated beef were prohibited for human consumption since 2004:

Due to FSIS regulations enacted in 2004 to protect consumers against bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mechanically separated beef is considered inedible and is prohibited for use as human food. It is not permitted in hot dogs or any other processed product.[8][9][10]

European Union / United Kingdom edit

Concerns over BSE first arose in 1986 in the United Kingdom. Since mechanically separated beef often contained small amounts of spinal cord tissue, which can carry the BSE prion, consuming mechanically separated meat from bovine carcasses carried an increased risk of transmitting BSE to humans. The EU tightened restrictions multiple times starting in 1989, to decrease the risk of spinal cord tissue getting into mechanically separated bovine meat.[11] In the mid-1990s the UK banned mechanically separated meat from cattle backbone, which was expanded to include backbone from any ruminant in 1998 (under European Commission Decision 97/534/EC),[12] and any ruminant bone in 2001. In 2004, under Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, MSM from all ruminants are banned for human consumption.[13]

As of 1997, the European Union regulates MSM by the source material, fat (and peroxidation value), protein, and calcium content, bone particle sizes, and by how it is produced and stored.[12] Since 2010, the European Union distinguishes between low-pressure MSM and high-pressure MSM.[14] "Low pressure" MSM is produced by advanced meat recovery (AMR) and is similar to mince meat in terms of appearance and the extent of muscle fiber damage.[15] In a conventional high-pressure process, the meat is pressed through a sieve and the result is the typical paste. High-pressure MSM comes with more risk of microbial growth. However, if European regulations are followed (high-pressure MSM must be immediately frozen and can only be used in cooked products), there is no additional risk compared to conventional meat products.[13] Low-pressure MSM corresponds to the class of AMR meat in US regulation, while high-pressure MSM corresponds to the class of MSM.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Lena Groeger (April 12, 2012). "And You Thought It Was Just 'Pink' Slime". ProPublica.
  2. ^ a b Micky Meece (April 12, 2012). "Take a Look at 'White Slime, ' a 'Pink Slime' Cousin". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  3. ^ "Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms". USDA-FSIS.
  4. ^ Tasić, A; Kureljušić, J; Nešić, K; Rokvić, N; Vićentijević, M; Radović, M; Pisinov, B (September 2017). "Determination of calcium content in mechanically separated meat". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 85: 012056. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012056.
  5. ^ Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 125 / Tuesday, June 29, 1982 / Rules and Regulations, 9 CFR Part 319 [47 FR 28256, available from https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/47-FR-28256]
  6. ^ "9 CFR § 319.6 - Limitations with respect to use of Mechanically Separated (Species)". LII / Legal Information Institute.
  7. ^ "9 CFR Part 318, et al.; Poultry Products Produced by Mechanical Separation and Products In Which Such Poultry Products Are Used; Final Rule" (PDF). U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  8. ^ "Hot Dogs and Food Safety". USDA. August 6, 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  9. ^ . USDA. March 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  10. ^ . USDA. March 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  11. ^ "What is mechanically recovered meat". BBC News. August 9, 2001. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
  12. ^ a b . Health and Food Safety | European Commission. 16 September 1997. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  13. ^ a b "Mechanically separated meat: EFSA advises on public health risks and detection methods | EFSA". www.efsa.europa.eu. 27 March 2013.
  14. ^ "Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to mechanically separated meat (MSM) derived from poultry and swine". EFSA Journal. 11 (3). March 2013. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3137.
  15. ^ "Mechanically separated meat and meat structure". New Food Magazine.

External links edit

  • Snopes.com MSP discussion
  • Nutrition data:
    • Poultry, mechanically deboned, from backs and necks with skin, raw (UDSA FDC, see also full search)
    • Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to mechanically separated meat (MSM) derived from poultry and swine, Appendix A

February 16, 2024
mechanically, separated, meat, confused, with, pink, slime, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, ne. Not to be confused with Pink slime This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mechanically separated meat news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mechanically separated meat MSM mechanically recovered reclaimed meat MRM or mechanically deboned meat MDM is a paste like meat product produced by forcing pureed or ground beef pork mutton turkey or chicken under high pressure through a sieve or similar device to separate the bone from the edible meat tissue It is sometimes called white slime as an analog to meat additive pink slime and to meat extracted by advanced meat recovery systems both of which are different processes The process entails pureeing or grinding the carcass left after the manual removal of meat from the bones and then forcing the slurry through a sieve under pressure This puree includes bone bone marrow skin nerves blood vessels and the scraps of meat remaining on the bones Mechanically separated meat pasztetMechanically deboned meat frozen chickenThe resulting product is a blend primarily consisting of tissues not generally considered meat along with a much smaller amount of actual meat muscle tissue In some countries such as the United States these non meat materials are processed separately for human and non human uses and consumption 1 The process is controversial Forbes for example called it a not so appetizing meat production process 2 Mechanically separated meat has been used in certain meat and meat products such as hot dogs and bologna sausage 2 since the late 1960s However not all such meat products are manufactured using an MSM process Contents 1 Safety and regulation 1 1 United States 1 2 European Union United Kingdom 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksSafety and regulation editUnited States edit In the United States mechanically separated poultry has been used in poultry products since 1969 after the National Academy of Sciences found it safe Questions about safety arose in the 1980s leading to a 1982 report by the U S Food Safety and Inspection Service FSIS which concluded that mechanically separated meat is safe and established a standard of identity 3 The standard of identity puts a cap on the concentration of calcium which indicates the presence of bone 4 It also limits the maximum size of bone particles the maximum fat content and its peroxidation value and the minimum amount of protein and essential amino acids 5 Mechanically separated meat can only be used in a limited number of products hot dogs are allowed but hamburgers are not up to 20 under the 1982 rule and must be clearly labeled 6 In 1995 a U S Department of Agriculture FSIS final rule see 60 FR 55962 60 FR 55982 3 established separate standards for mechanically separated poultry and other meat Mechanically separated poultry still has calcium content and bone size limits but no longer any limits on fat and protein levels It is now considered safe to use without restriction on proportion but still needs to be labeled clearly The rule took effect in 1996 7 Significant restrictions were later placed on mechanically separated beef due to concerns about bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE commonly known as mad cow disease Ultimately products with mechanically separated beef were prohibited for human consumption since 2004 Due to FSIS regulations enacted in 2004 to protect consumers against bovine spongiform encephalopathy mechanically separated beef is considered inedible and is prohibited for use as human food It is not permitted in hot dogs or any other processed product 8 9 10 European Union United Kingdom edit Concerns over BSE first arose in 1986 in the United Kingdom Since mechanically separated beef often contained small amounts of spinal cord tissue which can carry the BSE prion consuming mechanically separated meat from bovine carcasses carried an increased risk of transmitting BSE to humans The EU tightened restrictions multiple times starting in 1989 to decrease the risk of spinal cord tissue getting into mechanically separated bovine meat 11 In the mid 1990s the UK banned mechanically separated meat from cattle backbone which was expanded to include backbone from any ruminant in 1998 under European Commission Decision 97 534 EC 12 and any ruminant bone in 2001 In 2004 under Regulation EC No 853 2004 MSM from all ruminants are banned for human consumption 13 As of 1997 the European Union regulates MSM by the source material fat and peroxidation value protein and calcium content bone particle sizes and by how it is produced and stored 12 Since 2010 the European Union distinguishes between low pressure MSM and high pressure MSM 14 Low pressure MSM is produced by advanced meat recovery AMR and is similar to mince meat in terms of appearance and the extent of muscle fiber damage 15 In a conventional high pressure process the meat is pressed through a sieve and the result is the typical paste High pressure MSM comes with more risk of microbial growth However if European regulations are followed high pressure MSM must be immediately frozen and can only be used in cooked products there is no additional risk compared to conventional meat products 13 Low pressure MSM corresponds to the class of AMR meat in US regulation while high pressure MSM corresponds to the class of MSM See also edit nbsp Food portalSpecified risk material SRM Potted meat food product Lena Groeger science journalist who compared meat textures generated by different mechanical proceduresReferences edit Lena Groeger April 12 2012 And You Thought It Was Just Pink Slime ProPublica a b Micky Meece April 12 2012 Take a Look at White Slime a Pink Slime Cousin Forbes Retrieved 2012 04 17 Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms USDA FSIS Tasic A Kureljusic J Nesic K Rokvic N Vicentijevic M Radovic M Pisinov B September 2017 Determination of calcium content in mechanically separated meat IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 85 012056 doi 10 1088 1755 1315 85 1 012056 Federal Register Vol 47 No 125 Tuesday June 29 1982 Rules and Regulations 9 CFR Part 319 47 FR 28256 available from https www federalregister gov citation 47 FR 28256 9 CFR 319 6 Limitations with respect to use of Mechanically Separated Species LII Legal Information Institute 9 CFR Part 318 et al Poultry Products Produced by Mechanical Separation and Products In Which Such Poultry Products Are Used Final Rule PDF U S Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2007 11 25 Hot Dogs and Food Safety USDA August 6 2013 Retrieved 2014 06 17 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy USDA March 2005 Archived from the original on 2011 11 13 Retrieved 2011 11 20 FSIS Further Strengthens Protections Against Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE USDA March 2005 Archived from the original on 2012 03 21 Retrieved 2011 11 20 What is mechanically recovered meat BBC News August 9 2001 Retrieved 2011 11 20 a b Report On Mechanically Recovered Meat Health Rules Applicable To The Production And Use Of Mechanically Recovered Meat Report of the Scientific Veterinary Committee Health and Food Safety European Commission 16 September 1997 Archived from the original on 2009 10 03 Retrieved 2015 06 27 a b Mechanically separated meat EFSA advises on public health risks and detection methods EFSA www efsa europa eu 27 March 2013 Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to mechanically separated meat MSM derived from poultry and swine EFSA Journal 11 3 March 2013 doi 10 2903 j efsa 2013 3137 Mechanically separated meat and meat structure New Food Magazine External links editSnopes com MSP discussion Nutrition data Poultry mechanically deboned from backs and necks with skin raw UDSA FDC see also full search Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to mechanically separated meat MSM derived from poultry and swine Appendix A Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mechanically separated meat amp oldid 1198246962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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