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Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland

October 25, 2023

The Master of Works to the Crown of Scotland was responsible for the construction, repair and maintenance of royal palaces, castles and other crown property in Scotland. The main buildings were; Holyroodhouse; Edinburgh Castle; Stirling Castle; Linlithgow Palace; and Falkland Palace. The position was roughly equivalent to that of Surveyor of the King's Works in the English Royal Household.[1] The emergence of the position reflected a shift in responsibility from the masons, or administrators in holy orders, to designers with little hands-on knowledge of stonemasonry. Earlier holders of the office were often courtiers: James Hamilton of Finnart was the king's kinsman; John Scrymgeour was a heraldic expert; while William Schaw, an administrator, was a key figure in the development of Freemasonry, itself a 'craft' having little to do with building.[2] Later holders filled a role similar to that of architects in the modern sense. Some Masters were craftsmen; Robert Robertson, who was master of work at Stirling Castle after the execution of the aristocrat Hamilton of Finnart, was a carpenter. During the reign of James V there was also a Principal Master Wright or carpenter, John Drummond of Milnab, and as well as building works he was concerned with the artillery and its logistics.

Sir William Bruce

In the 15th century, a Master of Works would be appointed to oversee an individual construction project, such as a new palace, or a rebuilding of an old one. Thus the exchequer records identify several postholders who might be regarded as accountants rather than architects. In the 16th century, during the reign of James V, the appointment of a Principal Master of Works began, with overall responsibility for all the king's works. The appointment was usually for life. Following the death of James Smith in 1714, the post became a sinecure, with a salary of £400,[1] and the post declined in importance. In 1808 Robert Reid was named Architect and Surveyor to the King in Scotland, and he became Master of Works following the death of James Brodie in 1824. However, in 1831 the Scottish Office of Works was merged with the English Office of Works, and when Reid retired in 1840, he was not replaced.[1] The Office of Works was later reconstituted as the Ministry of Works.

Principal Masters of Works to the Crown of Scotland Edit

The dates given are those of their appointment. These appointments were made by the issue of a warrant recorded in the Register of the Privy Seal. William MacDowall, though acting as master of work never had a warrant, and some appointments ran concurrently.

  • 1615: Walter Murray (Assistant Master of Works)
  • 1629–1637: Sir Anthony Alexander
  • 1632: William Govane of Cardrona and James Murray Jr. (Assistant Masters of Works)
  • 1637–1641: Henry Alexander, 3rd Earl of Stirling
  • 1641: Sir John Veitch of Dawyck
  • 1643–1644: John Carmichael
  • 1645–1649: Sir David Carmichael of Hyndford
  • 1649: Sir Robert Montgomery
  • 1660–1668: Sir William Murray of Dreghorn

The office was unoccupied from 1668–1671.

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c Colvin, p1155
  2. ^ Glendinning & McKechnie, p.66
  3. ^ McKean, Charles (2001). The Scottish Chateau. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2323-7. p.158.

Bibliography Edit

  • Colvin, Howard (1995). Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840. p. 1155. ISBN 0-300-06091-2.
  • Glendinning, Miles; McKechnie, Aonghus (2004). Scottish Architecture. Thames & Hudson.
  • Mylne, R.S (1896). "The Masters of Work to the Crown of Scotland, with the Writs of Appointment, from 1529 to 1768" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 30: 49–68. Retrieved 2007-05-30.

October 25, 2023
master, work, crown, scotland, master, works, crown, scotland, responsible, construction, repair, maintenance, royal, palaces, castles, other, crown, property, scotland, main, buildings, were, holyroodhouse, edinburgh, castle, stirling, castle, linlithgow, pal. The Master of Works to the Crown of Scotland was responsible for the construction repair and maintenance of royal palaces castles and other crown property in Scotland The main buildings were Holyroodhouse Edinburgh Castle Stirling Castle Linlithgow Palace and Falkland Palace The position was roughly equivalent to that of Surveyor of the King s Works in the English Royal Household 1 The emergence of the position reflected a shift in responsibility from the masons or administrators in holy orders to designers with little hands on knowledge of stonemasonry Earlier holders of the office were often courtiers James Hamilton of Finnart was the king s kinsman John Scrymgeour was a heraldic expert while William Schaw an administrator was a key figure in the development of Freemasonry itself a craft having little to do with building 2 Later holders filled a role similar to that of architects in the modern sense Some Masters were craftsmen Robert Robertson who was master of work at Stirling Castle after the execution of the aristocrat Hamilton of Finnart was a carpenter During the reign of James V there was also a Principal Master Wright or carpenter John Drummond of Milnab and as well as building works he was concerned with the artillery and its logistics Sir William BruceIn the 15th century a Master of Works would be appointed to oversee an individual construction project such as a new palace or a rebuilding of an old one Thus the exchequer records identify several postholders who might be regarded as accountants rather than architects In the 16th century during the reign of James V the appointment of a Principal Master of Works began with overall responsibility for all the king s works The appointment was usually for life Following the death of James Smith in 1714 the post became a sinecure with a salary of 400 1 and the post declined in importance In 1808 Robert Reid was named Architect and Surveyor to the King in Scotland and he became Master of Works following the death of James Brodie in 1824 However in 1831 the Scottish Office of Works was merged with the English Office of Works and when Reid retired in 1840 he was not replaced 1 The Office of Works was later reconstituted as the Ministry of Works Principal Masters of Works to the Crown of Scotland EditThe dates given are those of their appointment These appointments were made by the issue of a warrant recorded in the Register of the Privy Seal William MacDowall though acting as master of work never had a warrant and some appointments ran concurrently 1529 Sir James Nycholay or Nicolson Master of Work at Stirling Castle 1537 John Scrymgeour 1539 Sir James Hamilton of Finnart 1541 Robert Robertson Principal master wright in Stirling Castle 1543 John Hamilton of Milnburn 1579 Sir Robert Drummond of Carnock 1583 William Schaw 1602 1607 Sir David Cunningham of Robertland also Surveyor of the King s Works in England 1604 1606 3 1607 1634 Sir James Murray of Kilbaberton1615 Walter Murray Assistant Master of Works dd 1629 1637 Sir Anthony Alexander1632 William Govane of Cardrona and James Murray Jr Assistant Masters of Works dd 1637 1641 Henry Alexander 3rd Earl of Stirling 1641 Sir John Veitch of Dawyck 1643 1644 John Carmichael 1645 1649 Sir David Carmichael of Hyndford 1649 Sir Robert Montgomery 1660 1668 Sir William Murray of DreghornThe office was unoccupied from 1668 1671 1671 1678 Sir William Bruce of Balcaskie Baronet 1678 1683 David Maitland acting Master of Works 1683 1788 James Smith 1689 1700 Sir Archibald Murray of Blackbarony Baronet 1700 1704 James Scott of Logie 1704 1705 Sir Francis Scott of Thirlestane 1705 1714 John Campbell of Mamor 1705 1717 John Urquhart of Meldrum 1707 1714 James Smith position renewed 1717 1743 Sir John Anstruther of Anstruther 1743 1761 George Dundas 1761 1764 William Stewart of Hartwood 1764 1768 James Duff of the Middle Temple London 1768 1809 Lieutenant Colonel James Pringle 1809 1824 James Brodie of Brodie 1824 1840 Robert ReidReferences Edit a b c Colvin p1155 Glendinning amp McKechnie p 66 McKean Charles 2001 The Scottish Chateau Sutton Publishing ISBN 0 7509 2323 7 p 158 Bibliography Edit Colvin Howard 1995 Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600 1840 p 1155 ISBN 0 300 06091 2 Glendinning Miles McKechnie Aonghus 2004 Scottish Architecture Thames amp Hudson Mylne R S 1896 The Masters of Work to the Crown of Scotland with the Writs of Appointment from 1529 to 1768 PDF Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 30 49 68 Retrieved 2007 05 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland amp oldid 1168281715, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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