Markleton, Pennsylvania

Markleton is an unincorporated community that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States.^[1] The community is situated near the Casselman River, 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east-northeast of Confluence.

Markleton, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated community
Markleton
Coordinates: 39°51′38″N 79°13′37″W / 39.86056°N 79.22694°W / 39.86056; -79.22694
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
County	Somerset
Elevation	1,693 ft (516 m)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code	15551
Area code	814
GNIS feature ID	1180426^[1]

History

 

Markleton ("Old Forge") Area, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, 1860

Philson's Forge

The area was initially known as Philson's Forge. Its name was derived from a Catalan forge, or bloomery, that was built by Robert Philson near the Casselman River sometime around 1810.^[2] The forge was not successful, however, and was closed circa 1823.^[2]

Markle Paper Works

Markleton derived its present name from the paper company of Cyrus P. Markle & Sons of West Newton in nearby Westmoreland County. C.P. Markle & Sons purchased 5,000 acres along the Casselman River in 1881 and constructed a paper mill in order to harvest the abundant trees of the mountainside and manufacture paper products;^[3] at least 1,000 acres of this land were purchased from the Pinkerton Lumber Company.^[4]

In addition to the pulp mill and its equipment, the operation consisted of thirteen two-story houses for workers, plus a home for the superintendent and a boarding house.^[5] Unfortunately, the paper mill was not very profitable,^[6] and the endeavor was short-lived.

Markleton Sanatorium

 

Markleton Sanitarium, circa 1909

The Markle buildings and land were purchased by William J. Hitchman of Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, in late 1886 for the purpose of establishing a combination vacation resort/health sanatorium.^[7] Mr. Hitchman was joined in this initiative by Dr. Matthew B. Gault of Clifton Springs, New York, and Rev. John Morrison Barnett of Washington, Pennsylvania, and they formed the Markleton Hotel Company,^[8] which was officially known as the "Markleton Sanitarium and Hotel Company."^[9] Dr. Gault had been appointed the first medical director of the Clifton Springs Sanitarium in 1875.^[10] Rev. Barnett was a Presbyterian minister and a financial administrator at Washington & Jefferson College.^[11]

Other figures important to the sanatorium's establishment were William Borland Neel, Emer Judson McElwee, Oliver Perry Shupe, James J. Neel, Dr. James A. Loar, and Johnston Borndallar Jordan, all of Mount Pleasant; Dr. J.C. McClanathan of Connellsville; and Dr. Shoemaker of Dawson.^[8] Dr. John Dennis Carr worked there from 1899 until 1903.^[12] Dr. M. Annie Howe-Anthony, a graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, spent a year at the Markleton Sanatorium, during which she was the only female physician present. Asked about her experience there later, she said, "The year at Markleton was an interesting and happy one, for there a woman physician was always honored and treated with the greatest respect."^[13] Dr. Hugh S. Maxwell, a 1904 graduate of Rush Medical College in Chicago, was an assistant physician for part of 1905.^[14] William Page McIntosh, a 1910 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's medical school, served as a medical director of the Markleton Sanitarium, and Isaac Slaymaker Diller, a 1912 graduate of the same school, worked at the sanitarium as an assistant physician.^[15]

The two main papermill buildings were combined into a grand hotel, and the workers' houses were remodeled as private cottages.^[16]

According to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad's Resorts and Springs guide for Summer 1905, the sanitarium had a capacity for 150 guests and charged rates from $2.50 per day to $60.00 per month.^[17]

The Markleton Sanatorium was also the site of several meetings of various medical associations, including the Somerset County Medical Society^[18] and the Tri-State (PA, MD, WV) Medical Association.^[19][20]

U.S. Army General Hospital No. 17

After the United States entered World War I, the federal government operated the former sanatorium building as U.S. Army General Hospital No. 17.^[21] The facilities were leased on Feb. 25, 1918; personnel arrived in March, and the hospital was opened in April.^[22] The hospital was designated by Army Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland as specializing in the treatment of soldiers suffering from tuberculosis.^[23] The need to find treatment facilities that could serve as tuberculosis hospitals likely influenced the selection of the Markleton Sanatorium as an Army general hospital; it was comparably smaller than other Army general hospitals and it did not have space for easy expansion, but very few owners wanted to lease their buildings for the treatment of tuberculosis patients and the military's need was great.^[22]

On July 31, 1918, the Markleton hospital was designated as one of the Army's hospitals focused on "physical reconstruction" in order to help soldiers make as complete a recovery, both mental and physical, as possible;^[24] however, the results of the comprehensive physical reconstruction emphasis were not as successful at Markleton as at other locations, due to its smaller size.^[22] General Hospital No. 17 had a capacity for 200 patients, which it reached in August 1918 and consistently maintained until it was closed on March 27, 1919.^[22]

The patients and staff of the hospital published a semi-monthly newspaper entitled Star Shell.^[25][26] A fire occurred at the hospital in early 1918.^[27] Some of the U.S. Army medical personnel who were assigned at various times to the Markleton hospital included Lieutenant Urban Henry Reidt,^[28] Lieutenant Joseph Daniel Rosenthal,^[29] Lieutenant J.B. Stenbuck,^[30] Lieutenant Charles B. Sylvester,^[31] Lieutenant James C. Thompson,^[32] Captain Henry Kennon Dunham,^[33][34][35] Captain Samuel M. Marcus,^[36] Major Henry Williamson Hoagland,^[37] Major John O. Kinter,^[38] and Major Benjamin Franklin Van Meter.^[39][40]

U.S. Public Health Service Hospital No. 47

After serving as U.S. Army General Hospital No. 17, the building then became U.S. Public Health Service Hospital No. 47, beginning on November 22, 1919.^[41] However, this role did not last for long; Public Health Service Hospital No. 47 was closed about a year later.^[42] Some believed that it was not best suited for the purpose of treating tuberculosis patients, and federal officials agreed.^[43][44] While the Markleton U.S.P.H.S. hospital did operate, though, it again served as the site of another meeting of the Somerset County Medical Society.^[45] Eventually, without the flow of people brought in by the sanatorium / hospital, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad closed its ticket agency at Markleton on Jan. 9, 1924.^[46]

Nearby Historical Railroad Tunnels

Several railroad tunnels were built just downstream from Markleton as the Casselman River flows southwest towards Fort Hill and Confluence.

Pinkerton Tunnels

Pinkerton Point, also known as Pinkerton Horn, juts out from the mountainside from the northwest to the southeast, forcing the river to bend around it. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad built a tunnel through the point in 1871.^[47][48] A fire broke out in October 1879, destroying the original tunnel and necessitating the construction of a rail line following the river around the point. The tunnel was rebuilt, and it reopened in 1885.^[47][48]

The Western Maryland Railway constructed another tunnel through Pinkerton Point as it built its track in 1911.^[49] Since the Western Maryland track was on the opposite side of the Casselman River from the B&O track, two bridges were also constructed, allowing trains to travel across the river, through the mountainside, and then back across the river. This bridge-&-tunnel sequence is now part of the Great Allegheny Passage rail trail.^[49]

Shoo Fly Tunnel

A view of the nearby Shoo Fly Tunnel appeared in a collection of photographs from along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's rail lines that was published in book form in 1872 and digitized by the DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University.^[50] Significant enhancements were made to it in 1897 and 1902.^[48]

Daylighting

The B&O Pinkerton Tunnel and the Shoo Fly Tunnel were daylighted in 2012 as part of the National Gateway project.

Geography

Markleton is located along the southeastern edge of Upper Turkeyfoot Township. It lies along Markleton School Road, to the east of Pennsylvania Route 281, south of the village of Kingwood and north of Fort Hill. Mount Zion Cemetery is located on top of the hill above Markleton, alongside the former Mt. Zion United Brethren Church, which was formed in 1889.^[51]

Markleton has a post office with ZIP code 15551.^[52][53] The post office is on the western bank of the Casselman River, nestled between the river and CSX Transportation's Keystone Subdivision rail line. Across the river from the post office is a trail access area for the Great Allegheny Passage rail trail. This is the only trail access area with parking between Fort Hill to the southwest and Rockwood to the northeast.^[54]

References

1. "Markleton". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
2. "Somerset County's Early Iron Industry" (PDF). Somerset Herald. October 19, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
3. Albert, George Dallas, ed. (1882). History of the County of Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts & Co. pp. 704–705. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
4. "[The Formal Transfer by the Pinkerton Lumber Company]" (PDF). Somerset Herald. March 2, 1881. p. 3. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
5. "Orphans' Court Sale" (PDF). Somerset Herald. November 28, 1883. p. 3. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
6. "The Markle Failure". Maysville Daily Evening Bulletin. March 29, 1883. p. 4. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
7. "Proposed New Mountain Resort" (PDF). Somerset Herald. December 29, 1886. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
8. "Markleton Sanitarium". Mt. Pleasant Journal. June 7, 1892. p. 1. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
9. "[Charter Granted]" (PDF). Somerset Herald. March 16, 1892. p. 3. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
10. "Clifton Springs, NY, Timeline". Clifton Springs Historical Society & Foster Cottage Museum. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
11. "Rev. John M. Barnett". Indiana Gazette. December 25, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
12. Hackney, Jacob Sidwell (1924). A History of the Medical Profession of Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Uniontown, PA: Fayette County Medical Society. p. 206. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
13. Lewis, W. Milton (October 1907). "The Graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Baltimore and Their Work". Maryland Medical Journal: 389–390. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
14. Houston & Blaine & Mellette, Florence Wilson & Laura Cowan & Ella Dunn (1916). Maxwell History and Genealogy. Indianapolis, IN: C.E. Pauley & Co. p. 182. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
15. Maxwell, W.J. (1917). General Alumni Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. pp. 850, 858. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
16. "[Banker W. J. Hitchman]" (PDF). Somerset Herald. May 20, 1891. p. 3. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
17. Resorts and Springs. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 1905. p. 41. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
18. "County Society Reports". Pennsylvania Medical Journal. XII (2): 172. November 1908. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
19. "Societies". Journal of the American Medical Association: 36. July 1, 1899. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
20. "Doctors of Three States at Markleton" (PDF). Somerset Herald. June 28, 1899. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
21. "U.S. Army. General Hospital No. 17, Markleton, Pa: General View". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
22. Weed, Frank W. (1923). Military Hospitals in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 541–544. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
23. "State News Items". Pennsylvania Medical Journal. Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania: 327. February 1919. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
24. Weed, Frank W. (1923). Military Hospitals in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 141–142. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
25. "Star Shell". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
26. Weed, Frank W. (1923). Military Hospitals in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 168–169. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
27. "To Make Inquiry" (PDF). Harrisburg Telegraph. March 8, 1918. p. 15. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
28. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 292. July 27, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
29. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 1386. May 11, 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
30. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 836. September 7, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
31. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 2036. June 29, 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
32. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 1776. June 8, 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
33. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 49. July 6, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
34. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 580. August 17, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
35. "General News Items". Pennsylvania Medical Journal: 768. September 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
36. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 1954. June 22, 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
37. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 473. August 10, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
38. "Well Known People" (PDF). Harrisburg Telegraph. March 5, 1918. p. 10. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
39. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 577. August 17, 1918. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
40. "Medical Mobilization". Journal of the American Medical Association: 1775. June 8, 1918. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
41. Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1920. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1920. p. 273. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
42. Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1921. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1921. p. 310. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
43. "Mt. Alto Proposed as Home for State's Tubercular Soldiers". The Pittsburgh Post. February 5, 1921. p. 7. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
44. "Abandon Hospital at Markleton, PA". New Castle Herald. February 28, 1921. p. 9. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
45. "State News Items". Pennsylvania Medical Journal: 675. August 1920. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
46. "Connellsville Division". Baltimore & Ohio Magazine. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad: 72. January 1924. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
47. Amisson, Elizabeth (November 17, 2009). "Draft of Historic Resource Survey Form: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Pittsburgh Division" (PDF). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
48. "Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Evaluation: Phase I National Gateway Clearance Initiative" (PDF). Federal Highway Administration. September 7, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
49. "Pinkerton Tunnel". Great Allegheny Passage. Great Allegheny Passage Conservancy. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
50. Photographic Views of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road and Its Branches, From the Lakes to the Sea. First Series. Baltimore: Cushings & Bailey. 1872.
51. "Throughout County" (PDF). Meyersdale Commercial. July 22, 1915. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
52. United States Postal Service. "USPS - Look Up a ZIP Code". Retrieved February 25, 2017.
53. "Postmaster Finder - Post Offices by ZIP Code". United States Postal Service. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
54. "Interactive Map". Great Allegheny Passage. Great Allegheny Passage Conservancy. Retrieved October 14, 2023.