Marius Hans Erik Tscherning (11 December 1854, in Østrup near Odense – 1 September 1939) was a Danishophthalmologist.
Tscherning first studied with Peter Ludvig Panum.[1] Then he studied ophthalmology under Edmund Hansen Grut (1831–1907) in Copenhagen. Later Tscherning became an adjunct director at the ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne in Paris. Tscherning spent 25 years at the Sorbonne, where he worked closely with Louis Émile Javal (1839–1907). In 1910 he returned to Denmark as a professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the ophthalmic department at the Rigshospitalet.[2]
Tscherning is remembered for contributions made in optical physiology. He conducted research of entoptic phenomenon, Purkinje images, the etiology of myopia, and Listing's law of ocular movement. He discovered the phenomenon of monocular rivalry in which two superimposed images fluctuate in clarity or visibility.[1] He also designed an ophthalmophacometer, a device used to measure changes that happen in the front and back curvatures of the lens during accommodation.
He is probably best known for his theory regarding the mechanism of accommodation, of which he disagreed with the accommodation theory proposed by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894). Tscherning believed that accommodation occurred through an increase of zonular pressure at the lens equator with contraction of the ciliary muscle, and therefore a bulging of the lens in accommodation was created by compression rather than by passive dilatation. Furthermore, he stated that during accommodation, while the central part of the anterior surface of the lens is bulged, the peripheral portion of the lens is flattened.[3]
Tscherning was the author of over 100 scientific articles, including a book titled Optique physiologique, published in 1898 in Paris by Garré and Naud, and was later translated into English (Physiologic optics), and Hermann von Helmholtz et la Théorie de l´Accommodation, Paris 1909 Octave Doin, ("Hermann von Helmholtz and the Theory of Accommodation") which was critical to Helmholtz's work on the same subject, published in the Graefe's Archiv (volume 1, 1854). In 1894 he published Œvres ophthalmologiques de Thomas Young ("Ophthalmological oeuvres of Thomas Young").[2]
Associated eponymedit
"Tscherning's ellipse": A term used in corrective lens design. A graphical representation of the front surface power as a function of total lens power in best-form lenses.[4]
Referencesedit
^ abO’Shea, R. P., Roeber, U., & Wade, N. J. (2017). On the discovery of monocular rivalry by Tscherning in 1898: Translation and review. i-Perception, 8(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669517743523
Julius Hirschberg/History of Ophthalmology, volume 11/part 1a, Wayenborgh, Bonn 1992, p. 173, ISBN978-90-6299-441-0
Albert, Norton & Hurtes "Source Book of Ophthalmology" Blackwell Science 1995, ISBN0-86542-240-0
April 12, 2024
marius, tscherning, marius, hans, erik, tscherning, december, 1854, Østrup, near, odense, september, 1939, danish, ophthalmologist, tscherning, first, studied, with, peter, ludvig, panum, then, studied, ophthalmology, under, edmund, hansen, grut, 1831, 1907, c. Marius Hans Erik Tscherning 11 December 1854 in Ostrup near Odense 1 September 1939 was a Danish ophthalmologist Tscherning first studied with Peter Ludvig Panum 1 Then he studied ophthalmology under Edmund Hansen Grut 1831 1907 in Copenhagen Later Tscherning became an adjunct director at the ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne in Paris Tscherning spent 25 years at the Sorbonne where he worked closely with Louis Emile Javal 1839 1907 In 1910 he returned to Denmark as a professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the ophthalmic department at the Rigshospitalet 2 Tscherning is remembered for contributions made in optical physiology He conducted research of entoptic phenomenon Purkinje images the etiology of myopia and Listing s law of ocular movement He discovered the phenomenon of monocular rivalry in which two superimposed images fluctuate in clarity or visibility 1 He also designed an ophthalmophacometer a device used to measure changes that happen in the front and back curvatures of the lens during accommodation He is probably best known for his theory regarding the mechanism of accommodation of which he disagreed with the accommodation theory proposed by Hermann von Helmholtz 1821 1894 Tscherning believed that accommodation occurred through an increase of zonular pressure at the lens equator with contraction of the ciliary muscle and therefore a bulging of the lens in accommodation was created by compression rather than by passive dilatation Furthermore he stated that during accommodation while the central part of the anterior surface of the lens is bulged the peripheral portion of the lens is flattened 3 Tscherning was the author of over 100 scientific articles including a book titled Optique physiologique published in 1898 in Paris by Garre and Naud and was later translated into English Physiologic optics and Hermann von Helmholtz et la Theorie de l Accommodation Paris 1909 Octave Doin Hermann von Helmholtz and the Theory of Accommodation which was critical to Helmholtz s work on the same subject published in the Graefe s Archiv volume 1 1854 In 1894 he published Œvres ophthalmologiques de Thomas Young Ophthalmological oeuvres of Thomas Young 2 Associated eponym edit Tscherning s ellipse A term used in corrective lens design A graphical representation of the front surface power as a function of total lens power in best form lenses 4 References edit a b O Shea R P Roeber U amp Wade N J 2017 On the discovery of monocular rivalry by Tscherning in 1898 Translation and review i Perception 8 6 1 12 https doi org 10 1177 2041669517743523 a b Salmonsens konversationsleksikon biography Oculo refractive Cyclopedia and Dictionary by Thomas George Atkinson Medical Dictionary Tscherning ellipse Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Accommodative Changes in Lens Diameter Julius Hirschberg History of Ophthalmology volume 11 part 1a Wayenborgh Bonn 1992 p 173 ISBN 978 90 6299 441 0 Albert Norton amp Hurtes Source Book of Ophthalmology Blackwell Science 1995 ISBN 0 86542 240 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marius Tscherning amp oldid 1191859790, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
