The Maritime Archaic is a North Americancultural complex of the Late Archaic along the coast of Newfoundland, the Canadian Maritimes and northern New England. The Maritime Archaic began in approximately 7000 BC and lasted into the 18th century[citation needed]. The culture consisted of sea-mammal hunters in the subarctic who used wooden boats. Maritime Archaic sites have been found as far south as Maine and as far north as Labrador. Their settlements included longhouses, and boat-topped temporary or seasonal houses. They engaged in long-distance trade, as shown by white chert from northern Labrador being found as far south as Maine.
The Maritime Archaic is one cultural complex among several of the Archaic stage for North American peoples. It had been long postulated that the most likely direct descendants of the Maritime Archaic culture were the Beothuk of Newfoundland. The latter, through susceptibility to Eurasian diseases, conflict with neighbouring native groups,[citation needed] and malnourishment after European persecution pushed them inland and away from the fish and marine mammals that had been a staple of their diet, succumbed to erosion of their population base, small to begin with, and disappeared in the 19th century as a distinct tribe[1]
Archaeogenetic research in 2017 established, however, that the Maritime Archaic people had nothing genetically in common with the Inuit, nor with the Beothuk, who later inhabited the same area after the climatic conditions changed.[1] A study published in Current Biology[which?] compared the mitochondrial DNA of 74 individuals, 19 Beothuk, 53 Maritime Archaic, and two Paleo-Eskimo, and found that these populations were not at all related.
Another significant Maritime Archaic find are the "Red Ochre Culture" burials throughout the Northeast United States (their attribution to MA is not generally accepted). They may represent the last phases of the Maritime Archaic, as they contain significant finds of white chert artifacts common to other Maritime Archaic sites. This issue is currently debated among scholars.
If the hypothesis of the Red Ochre as the last state of the Maritime Archaic period is accepted, then the latter is best known from a mortuary site in Newfoundland at Port au Choix. This site revealed over 100 graves embellished with red ochre. The graves contained many elaborate artifacts, including barbed bone points; daggers of ivory, antler, or bone; toggling harpoons; shell-beaded clothing; and a burial suit made from more than 200 skins of the now-extinct great auk. These finds indicated a stratified society with trade and some level of social complexity (Tuck, 1976).
^ ab"DNA deepens mystery of Newfoundland's lost Beothuk people".
Fagan, Brian (2005): Ancient North America: 188-189. Thames & Hudson, London.
Further reading
Austin, Shaun J. (1984). "Maritime Archaic and Recent Indian Evidence from Cape Cove Beach, Newfoundland". Canadian Journal of Archaeology. Canadian Archaeological Association. 8 (2): 115–126. JSTOR 671655.
Bell, Trevor; Renouf, M. A. P. (December 2003). "Prehistoric Cultures, Reconstructed Coasts: Maritime Archaic Indian Site Distribution in Newfoundland". World Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 35 (3): 350–370. JSTOR 4128314.
Belvin, Cleophas (2006). "The First Inhabitants". Forgotten Labrador: Kegashka to Blanc-Sablon. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 11–19. JSTOR j.ctt7zpdm.
Cadigan, Sean T. (2009). "The First Peoples by the Sea". Newfoundland and Labrador: A History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–25. doi:10.3138/9781442688704.
Fitzhugh, William (1978). "Maritime Archaic Cultures of the Central and Northern Labrador Coast". Arctic Anthropology. University of Wisconsin Press. 15 (2): 61–95. JSTOR 40315929.
Fitzhugh, William (1975). "A Maritime Archaic Sequence from Hamilton Inlet, Labrador". Arctic Anthropology. University of Wisconsin Press. 12 (2): 117–138. JSTOR 40315878.
Hood, Bryan C. (1995). "Circumpolar Comparison Revisited: Hunter-Gatherer Complexity in the North Norwegian Stone Age and the Labrador Maritime Archaic". Arctic Anthropology. University of Wisconsin Press. 32 (2): 75–105. JSTOR 40316388.
Reader, David (1996). "'Interior' Occupation: A Maritime Archaic site at South Brook Park, western Newfoundland". Canadian Journal of Archaeology. Canadian Archaeological Association. 20: 123–128. JSTOR 41102601.
Tuck, J. A. (1976): Ancient peoples of Port au Choix. The Excavation of an Archaic Indian Cemetery in Newfoundland. Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies17.
Tuck, J. A. (1975). "The Maritime Archaic Occupation of Saglek Bay". Prehistory of Saglek Bay, Labrador: Archaic and Palaeo-Eskimo Occupations. Mercury Series. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 76–106. doi:10.2307/j.ctv171rh.
Wolff, Christopher B. (2022). "The Longhouses of the Maritime Archaic: Increasing Complexity or Regional Resistance". In Andrew, Brian N.; Macdonald, Danielle A. (eds.). More Than Shelter from the Storm: Hunter-Gatherer Houses and the Built Environment. University Press of Florida. pp. 218–242. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2t8b7bc.
April 07, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Maritime Archaic news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Maritime Archaic is a North American cultural complex of the Late Archaic along the coast of Newfoundland the Canadian Maritimes and northern New England The Maritime Archaic began in approximately 7000 BC and lasted into the 18th century citation needed The culture consisted of sea mammal hunters in the subarctic who used wooden boats Maritime Archaic sites have been found as far south as Maine and as far north as Labrador Their settlements included longhouses and boat topped temporary or seasonal houses They engaged in long distance trade as shown by white chert from northern Labrador being found as far south as Maine The Maritime Archaic is one cultural complex among several of the Archaic stage for North American peoples It had been long postulated that the most likely direct descendants of the Maritime Archaic culture were the Beothuk of Newfoundland The latter through susceptibility to Eurasian diseases conflict with neighbouring native groups citation needed and malnourishment after European persecution pushed them inland and away from the fish and marine mammals that had been a staple of their diet succumbed to erosion of their population base small to begin with and disappeared in the 19th century as a distinct tribe 1 Archaeogenetic research in 2017 established however that the Maritime Archaic people had nothing genetically in common with the Inuit nor with the Beothuk who later inhabited the same area after the climatic conditions changed 1 A study published in Current Biology which compared the mitochondrial DNA of 74 individuals 19 Beothuk 53 Maritime Archaic and two Paleo Eskimo and found that these populations were not at all related Another significant Maritime Archaic find are the Red Ochre Culture burials throughout the Northeast United States their attribution to MA is not generally accepted They may represent the last phases of the Maritime Archaic as they contain significant finds of white chert artifacts common to other Maritime Archaic sites This issue is currently debated among scholars If the hypothesis of the Red Ochre as the last state of the Maritime Archaic period is accepted then the latter is best known from a mortuary site in Newfoundland at Port au Choix This site revealed over 100 graves embellished with red ochre The graves contained many elaborate artifacts including barbed bone points daggers of ivory antler or bone toggling harpoons shell beaded clothing and a burial suit made from more than 200 skins of the now extinct great auk These finds indicated a stratified society with trade and some level of social complexity Tuck 1976 See also EditPaleo EskimoReferences Edit a b DNA deepens mystery of Newfoundland s lost Beothuk people Fagan Brian 2005 Ancient North America 188 189 Thames amp Hudson London Further reading EditAustin Shaun J 1984 Maritime Archaic and Recent Indian Evidence from Cape Cove Beach Newfoundland Canadian Journal of Archaeology Canadian Archaeological Association 8 2 115 126 JSTOR 671655 Bell Trevor Renouf M A P December 2003 Prehistoric Cultures Reconstructed Coasts Maritime Archaic Indian Site Distribution in Newfoundland World Archaeology Taylor amp Francis Ltd 35 3 350 370 JSTOR 4128314 Belvin Cleophas 2006 The First Inhabitants Forgotten Labrador Kegashka to Blanc Sablon McGill Queen s University Press pp 11 19 JSTOR j ctt7zpdm Cadigan Sean T 2009 The First Peoples by the Sea Newfoundland and Labrador A History University of Toronto Press pp 13 25 doi 10 3138 9781442688704 Fitzhugh William 1978 Maritime Archaic Cultures of the Central and Northern Labrador Coast Arctic Anthropology University of Wisconsin Press 15 2 61 95 JSTOR 40315929 Fitzhugh William 1975 A Maritime Archaic Sequence from Hamilton Inlet Labrador Arctic Anthropology University of Wisconsin Press 12 2 117 138 JSTOR 40315878 Hood Bryan C 1995 Circumpolar Comparison Revisited Hunter Gatherer Complexity in the North Norwegian Stone Age and the Labrador Maritime Archaic Arctic Anthropology University of Wisconsin Press 32 2 75 105 JSTOR 40316388 Reader David 1996 Interior Occupation A Maritime Archaic site at South Brook Park western Newfoundland Canadian Journal of Archaeology Canadian Archaeological Association 20 123 128 JSTOR 41102601 Tuck J A 1976 Ancient peoples of Port au Choix The Excavation of an Archaic Indian Cemetery in Newfoundland Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies 17 Tuck J A 1975 The Maritime Archaic Occupation of Saglek Bay Prehistory of Saglek Bay Labrador Archaic and Palaeo Eskimo Occupations Mercury Series University of Ottawa Press pp 76 106 doi 10 2307 j ctv171rh Wolff Christopher B 2022 The Longhouses of the Maritime Archaic Increasing Complexity or Regional Resistance In Andrew Brian N Macdonald Danielle A eds More Than Shelter from the Storm Hunter Gatherer Houses and the Built Environment University Press of Florida pp 218 242 doi 10 2307 j ctv2t8b7bc Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maritime Archaic amp oldid 1118584421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
