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Maize streak virus

October 22, 2023

Maize streak virus (MSV) is a virus primarily known for causing maize streak disease (MSD) in its major host, and which also infects over 80 wild and domesticated grasses.[1] It is an insect-transmitted pathogen of maize in the genus Mastrevirus of the family Geminiviridae that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and neighbouring Indian Ocean island territories such as Madagascar, Mauritius and La Reunion. The A-strain of MSV (MSV-A) causes sporadic maize streak disease epidemics throughout the maize-growing regions of Africa.[2][3][4] MSV was first described by the South African entomologist Claude Fuller who referred to it in a 1901 report as "mealie variegation".[5]

Maize streak virus
Maize streak virus
Common namesMSV, streak of maize
Causal agentsMaize streak virus
Hostsmaize, Urochloa panicoides
Vectorsleafhoppers (C. mbila, C. storeyi, C. arachidis, C. dabrowski, other Cicadulina)
EPPO CodeMSV000
Distributionsub-Saharan Africa
Maize streak virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cressdnaviricota
Class: Repensiviricetes
Order: Geplafuvirales
Family: Geminiviridae
Genus: Mastrevirus
Species:
Maize streak virus

The development of conventionally resistant maize varieties has been a priority since the 1950s in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere, with a good deal of success: however, there are several genes associated with resistance, and breeding is complex. Transgenically resistant or genetically modified maize varieties were under development in South Africa,[6] but the project has terminated without field trials of the candidate maize lines that were developed. Maize streak resistance is an important trait to maize breeders.[7] Forward genetics is increasingly being used.[7]

MSV is mainly vectored by Cicadulina mbila, and other Cicadulina species, such as C. storeyi, C. arachidis and C. dabrowski, are also able to transmit the virus.

Typical of all mastreviruses, MSV's circular, ~2.7-Kb monopartite single-stranded (ss) DNA genome encodes only four proteins. Bidirectional transcription from a long intergenic region (LIR) results in the virion-sense expression of a movement protein (MP) and a coat protein (CP), and the complementary-sense expression of the replication-associated proteins, Rep and RepA. Whereas the MP and CP are involved in virus movement and encapsidation,[8] Rep is an essential initiator of virus replication, and RepA is a regulator of host and viral gene transcription.[9][10][11][12] Due to genome size restrictions, MSV usurps host DNA replication and double-stranded DNA break repair proteins to replicate its genome via, respectively, rolling-circle[13] and recombination-dependent mechanisms.[14]

References Edit

  1. ^ Martin, D.P.; Willment, J.A.; Billharz, R.; Velders, R.; Odhiambo, B.; Njuguna, J.; James, D.; Rybicki, E.P. (2001). "Sequence Diversity and Virulence in Zea mays of Maize Streak Virus Isolates". Virology. Elsevier BV. 288 (2): 247–255. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1075. ISSN 0042-6822. PMID 11601896.
  2. ^ Dionne N Shepherd; Darren P Martin; Eric Van Der Walt; Kyle Dent; Arvind Varsani; Ed Rybicki (2009). "Maize streak virus: an old and complex 'emerging' pathogen". Molecular Plant Pathology. 11 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00568.x. PMC 6640477. PMID 20078771.
  3. ^ Darren P. Martin & Dionne N. Shepherd (2009). "The epidemiology, economic impact and control of maize streak disease". Food Security. 1 (3): 305–315. doi:10.1007/s12571-009-0023-1. S2CID 31900785.
  4. ^ Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez (2000). "Eight decades of maize streak virus research". Virus Research. 71 (1–2): 107–121. doi:10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00192-1. PMID 11137166.
  5. ^ McAlister, A. (27 October 2010). "South Africa at front line of GM research". Media Club South Africa. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  6. ^ Dionne N. Shepherd; Tichaona Mangwende; Darren P. Martin; Marion Bezuidenhout; Frederik J. Kloppers; Charlene H. Carolissen; Adérito L. Monjane; Edward P. Rybicki & Jennifer A. Thomson (2007), "Maize streak virus-resistant transgenic maize: a first for Africa", Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5 (6): 759–767, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.584.7352, doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00279.x, PMID 17924935
  7. ^ a b Cairns, Jill (2020-11-19). "Faster results at a lower cost". CIMMYT. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  8. ^ Sondra G. Lazarowitz; Allison J. Pinder; Vernon D. Damsteegt & Stephen G. Rogers (1989). "Maize streak virus genes essential for systemic spread and symptom development". EMBO J. 8 (4): 1023–1032. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03469.x. PMC 400910. PMID 16453874.
  9. ^ Xiangcan Zhan; Kim A. Richardson; Ann Haley; Bret A. M. Morris (1993). "The Activity of the Coat Protein Promoter of Chloris Striate Mosaic Virus Is Enhanced by Its Own and C1-C2 Gene Products". Virology. 193 (1): 498–502. doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1153. PMID 8438584.
  10. ^ JMI Hofer; EL Dekker; HV Reynolds; CJ Woolston; BS Cox; PM Mullineaux (1992). "Coordinate Regulation of Replication and Virion Sense Gene Expression in Wheat Dwarf Virus". The Plant Cell. 4 (2): 213–223. doi:10.2307/3869574. JSTOR 3869574. PMC 160122. PMID 1633494.
  11. ^ Kathleen L. Hefferon; Yong-Sun Moon; Ying Fan (2006). "Multi-tasking of nonstructural gene products is required for bean yellow dwarf geminivirus transcriptional regulation". The FEBS Journal. 273 (19): 4482–4494. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05454.x. PMID 16972938. S2CID 38734343.
  12. ^ S Collin; M Fernández-Lobato; P S Gooding; P M Mullineaux & C Fenoll (1996), "The two nonstructural proteins from wheat dwarf virus involved in viral gene expression and replication are retinoblastoma-binding proteins", Virology, 219 (1): 324–329, doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0256, PMID 8623550
  13. ^ Keith Saunders; Andrew Lucy & John Stanley (1991). "DNA forms of the geminivirus African cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication". Nucleic Acids Research. 19 (9): 2325–2330. doi:10.1093/nar/19.9.2325. PMC 329438. PMID 2041773.
  14. ^ Julia B. Erdmann; Dionne N. Shepherd; Darren P. Martin; Arvind Varsani; Edward P. Rybicki & Holger Jeske (2010), "Replicative intermediates of maize streak virus found during leaf development.", Journal of General Virology, 91 (4): 1077–1081, doi:10.1099/vir.0.017574-0, PMID 20032206

October 22, 2023
maize, streak, virus, virus, primarily, known, causing, maize, streak, disease, major, host, which, also, infects, over, wild, domesticated, grasses, insect, transmitted, pathogen, maize, genus, mastrevirus, family, geminiviridae, that, endemic, saharan, afric. Maize streak virus MSV is a virus primarily known for causing maize streak disease MSD in its major host and which also infects over 80 wild and domesticated grasses 1 It is an insect transmitted pathogen of maize in the genus Mastrevirus of the family Geminiviridae that is endemic in sub Saharan Africa and neighbouring Indian Ocean island territories such as Madagascar Mauritius and La Reunion The A strain of MSV MSV A causes sporadic maize streak disease epidemics throughout the maize growing regions of Africa 2 3 4 MSV was first described by the South African entomologist Claude Fuller who referred to it in a 1901 report as mealie variegation 5 Maize streak virusMaize streak virusCommon namesMSV streak of maizeCausal agentsMaize streak virusHostsmaize Urochloa panicoidesVectorsleafhoppers C mbila C storeyi C arachidis C dabrowski other Cicadulina EPPO CodeMSV000Distributionsub Saharan AfricaMaize streak virusVirus classification unranked VirusRealm MonodnaviriaKingdom ShotokuviraePhylum CressdnaviricotaClass RepensiviricetesOrder GeplafuviralesFamily GeminiviridaeGenus MastrevirusSpecies Maize streak virusThe development of conventionally resistant maize varieties has been a priority since the 1950s in Kenya Nigeria South Africa and elsewhere with a good deal of success however there are several genes associated with resistance and breeding is complex Transgenically resistant or genetically modified maize varieties were under development in South Africa 6 but the project has terminated without field trials of the candidate maize lines that were developed Maize streak resistance is an important trait to maize breeders 7 Forward genetics is increasingly being used 7 MSV is mainly vectored by Cicadulina mbila and other Cicadulina species such as C storeyi C arachidis and C dabrowski are also able to transmit the virus Typical of all mastreviruses MSV s circular 2 7 Kb monopartite single stranded ss DNA genome encodes only four proteins Bidirectional transcription from a long intergenic region LIR results in the virion sense expression of a movement protein MP and a coat protein CP and the complementary sense expression of the replication associated proteins Rep and RepA Whereas the MP and CP are involved in virus movement and encapsidation 8 Rep is an essential initiator of virus replication and RepA is a regulator of host and viral gene transcription 9 10 11 12 Due to genome size restrictions MSV usurps host DNA replication and double stranded DNA break repair proteins to replicate its genome via respectively rolling circle 13 and recombination dependent mechanisms 14 References Edit Martin D P Willment J A Billharz R Velders R Odhiambo B Njuguna J James D Rybicki E P 2001 Sequence Diversity and Virulence in Zea mays of Maize Streak Virus Isolates Virology Elsevier BV 288 2 247 255 doi 10 1006 viro 2001 1075 ISSN 0042 6822 PMID 11601896 Dionne N Shepherd Darren P Martin Eric Van Der Walt Kyle Dent Arvind Varsani Ed Rybicki 2009 Maize streak virus an old and complex emerging pathogen Molecular Plant Pathology 11 1 1 12 doi 10 1111 j 1364 3703 2009 00568 x PMC 6640477 PMID 20078771 Darren P Martin amp Dionne N Shepherd 2009 The epidemiology economic impact and control of maize streak disease Food Security 1 3 305 315 doi 10 1007 s12571 009 0023 1 S2CID 31900785 Nilsa A Bosque Perez 2000 Eight decades of maize streak virus research Virus Research 71 1 2 107 121 doi 10 1016 S0168 1702 00 00192 1 PMID 11137166 McAlister A 27 October 2010 South Africa at front line of GM research Media Club South Africa Retrieved 21 October 2011 Dionne N Shepherd Tichaona Mangwende Darren P Martin Marion Bezuidenhout Frederik J Kloppers Charlene H Carolissen Aderito L Monjane Edward P Rybicki amp Jennifer A Thomson 2007 Maize streak virus resistant transgenic maize a first for Africa Plant Biotechnology Journal 5 6 759 767 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 584 7352 doi 10 1111 j 1467 7652 2007 00279 x PMID 17924935 a b Cairns Jill 2020 11 19 Faster results at a lower cost CIMMYT Retrieved 2020 11 21 Sondra G Lazarowitz Allison J Pinder Vernon D Damsteegt amp Stephen G Rogers 1989 Maize streak virus genes essential for systemic spread and symptom development EMBO J 8 4 1023 1032 doi 10 1002 j 1460 2075 1989 tb03469 x PMC 400910 PMID 16453874 Xiangcan Zhan Kim A Richardson Ann Haley Bret A M Morris 1993 The Activity of the Coat Protein Promoter of Chloris Striate Mosaic Virus Is Enhanced by Its Own and C1 C2 Gene Products Virology 193 1 498 502 doi 10 1006 viro 1993 1153 PMID 8438584 JMI Hofer EL Dekker HV Reynolds CJ Woolston BS Cox PM Mullineaux 1992 Coordinate Regulation of Replication and Virion Sense Gene Expression in Wheat Dwarf Virus The Plant Cell 4 2 213 223 doi 10 2307 3869574 JSTOR 3869574 PMC 160122 PMID 1633494 Kathleen L Hefferon Yong Sun Moon Ying Fan 2006 Multi tasking of nonstructural gene products is required for bean yellow dwarf geminivirus transcriptional regulation The FEBS Journal 273 19 4482 4494 doi 10 1111 j 1742 4658 2006 05454 x PMID 16972938 S2CID 38734343 S Collin M Fernandez Lobato P S Gooding P M Mullineaux amp C Fenoll 1996 The two nonstructural proteins from wheat dwarf virus involved in viral gene expression and replication are retinoblastoma binding proteins Virology 219 1 324 329 doi 10 1006 viro 1996 0256 PMID 8623550 Keith Saunders Andrew Lucy amp John Stanley 1991 DNA forms of the geminivirus African cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication Nucleic Acids Research 19 9 2325 2330 doi 10 1093 nar 19 9 2325 PMC 329438 PMID 2041773 Julia B Erdmann Dionne N Shepherd Darren P Martin Arvind Varsani Edward P Rybicki amp Holger Jeske 2010 Replicative intermediates of maize streak virus found during leaf development Journal of General Virology 91 4 1077 1081 doi 10 1099 vir 0 017574 0 PMID 20032206 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maize streak virus amp oldid 1169945578, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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