"Maggot" is not a technical term and should not be taken as such; in many standard textbooks of entomology, it does not appear in the index at all.[2][3] In many non-technical texts, the term is used for insect larvae in general. Other sources have coined their own definitions; for example: "The term applies to a grub when all trace of limbs has disappeared"[4] and "Applied to the footless larvae of Diptera".[5] Additionally, in Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera, the author claims maggots "are larvae of higher Brachycera (Cyclorrhapha)."[6]
Maggot-like fly larvae are of significance in ecology and medicine; among other roles, various species are prominent in recycling carrion and garbage, attacking crops and foodstuffs, spreading microbial infections, and causing myiasis. Maggots are also particularly important in forensic entomology because their development can help determine the time of death, particularly maggots in the Calliphoridae family.[7]
Uses
Fishing
Anglers use maggots usually commercially supplied to catch non-predatory fish. Maggots are the most popular bait for anglers in Europe.[8] Anglers throw handfuls into the "swim" they are targeting, attracting the fish to the area. The anglers then use the largest or most attractive maggots on the hook, hoping to be irresistible to the fish. Commercial maggot breeders from the UK sell their maggots to tackle dealers throughout the E.U. and North America.
In North America, maggots have been used primarily as ice fishing bait; recently, however, anglers have started using them year-round.[citation needed]
Live maggots of certain species of flies have been used since antiquity for wound debridement. (Use of the wrong species would invite pathologicalmyiasis.)[9] In controlled and sterile settings overseen by medical practitioners, maggot therapy introduces live, disinfected maggots into non-healing skin or soft wounds of a human or animal. The only maggots cleared for marketing in the United States are larvae of calliphorid flies of the species Lucilia sericata.[10] This species of maggots is most widely used in the world as well but it is unclear whether it is the only species cleared for marketing outside of the United States. They feed on the dead or necrotic tissue, leaving sound tissue largely unharmed. Studies have also shown that maggots kill bacteria. Three midgut lysozymes of L. sericata have antibacterial effects in maggot debridement therapy. The study demonstrated that the majority of gram-positive bacteria were destroyed in vivo within the particular section of the L. sericata midgut where lysozymes are produced. During the passage through the intestine of the maggots, the ability of bacteria to survive drastically decreased, implying the antibacterial action of the three midgut lysozymes.[11] As of 2008, maggot therapy was being used in around 1,000 medical centers in Europe and over 300 medical centers in the United States.[12]
Forensic science
The presence and development of maggots on a corpse are useful in the estimation of time elapsed since death. Depending on the species and the conditions, maggots may be observed on a body within 24 hours. The eggs are laid directly on the food source, and when the eggs hatch, the maggots move towards their preferred conditions and begin to feed. By studying the insects present at a crime scene, forensic entomologists can determine the approximate time of death. Insects are usually useful after a post-mortem interval (PMI) of approximately 25–80 hours, depending on ambient conditions. After this interval, this method becomes less reliable. Blow flies are often used in forensic entomology to determine PMI because of their oviposition on carrion and corpses. The black blowfly, Phormia regina (P. regina), is extremely widespread across the US and often the earliest species to oviposit on a corpse, making it especially important to forensic science.[13]
Behaviours
As with fleas and ticks, maggots can be a threat to household pets and livestock, especially sheep. Flies reproduce rapidly in the summer months, and maggots can come in large numbers, creating a maggot infestation and a high risk of myiasis (a maggot infestation of living tissue) in sheep and other animals. Humans are not immune to the feeding habits of maggots and can also contract myiasis. Interaction between humans and maggots usually occurs near garbage cans, dead animals, rotten food and other breeding grounds for maggots.
When maggots turn into adult flies and start the life cycle over, numbers will grow exponentially if unchecked, but disease, natural predators and parasites keep the population under control. Sealing garbage and using a garbage disposal or freezing rotting leftovers until waste collection day helps prevent infestation. Introducing an environmental control, such as Hister beetles, can also help reduce maggot populations.
^"Definition of MAGGOT". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
^Comstock, John Henry, An Introduction to Entomology. Comstock publishing, 1930.
^Richards, O. W.; Davies, R. G. (1977). Imms' General Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology. Berlin: Springer. ISBN0-412-61390-5.
^Jardine, N. K. The Dictionary of Entomology. 1913.
^Smith, John. B. Explanation of terms used in entomology. Brooklyn Entomological Society, 1906.
^Marshall, Stephen A (2012). Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books Ltd. p. 22. ISBN978-1-77085-100-9.
^Greenberg, Bernard; Kunich, John Charles (2002). Entomology and the Law: Flies as Forensic Indicators. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-01957-6.
^"MAGGOTS – THE PERFECT FISHING BAIT". Angling Times. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
^James, M. T. (1947). The Flies That Cause Myiasis in Man. Washington D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
^Sherman, R. A. (March 2009). "Maggot therapy takes us back to the future of wound care: new and improved maggot therapy for the 21st century". J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 3 (2): 336–344. doi:10.1177/193229680900300215. PMC2771513. PMID 20144365.
^Valachova, I. (2014). "Midgut lysozymes of Lucilia sericata – new antimicrobials involved in maggot debridement therapy". Insect Molecular Biology. 23 (6): 779–787. doi:10.1111/imb.12122. PMID 25098233. S2CID 39079130.
^"Maggot debridement therapy | DermNet". dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
^Catts, E P; Goff, M L (January 1992). "Forensic Entomology in Criminal Investigations". Annual Review of Entomology. 37 (1): 253–272. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.001345. PMID 1539937.
maggot, other, uses, disambiguation, maggot, larva, order, diptera, applied, particular, larvae, brachycera, flies, such, houseflies, cheese, flies, blowflies, rather, than, larvae, nematocera, such, mosquitoes, crane, flies, feeding, opossum, carrion, porcupi. For other uses see Maggot disambiguation A maggot is the larva of a fly order Diptera it is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachycera flies such as houseflies cheese flies and blowflies 1 rather than larvae of the Nematocera such as mosquitoes and crane flies Maggots feeding on an opossum carrion Maggots on a porcupine carcass Maggots from a rabbit Contents 1 Entomology 2 Uses 2 1 Fishing 2 2 Medical treatment 2 3 Forensic science 3 Behaviours 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEntomology Edit Maggot is not a technical term and should not be taken as such in many standard textbooks of entomology it does not appear in the index at all 2 3 In many non technical texts the term is used for insect larvae in general Other sources have coined their own definitions for example The term applies to a grub when all trace of limbs has disappeared 4 and Applied to the footless larvae of Diptera 5 Additionally in Flies The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera the author claims maggots are larvae of higher Brachycera Cyclorrhapha 6 Maggot like fly larvae are of significance in ecology and medicine among other roles various species are prominent in recycling carrion and garbage attacking crops and foodstuffs spreading microbial infections and causing myiasis Maggots are also particularly important in forensic entomology because their development can help determine the time of death particularly maggots in the Calliphoridae family 7 Uses EditFishing Edit Anglers use maggots usually commercially supplied to catch non predatory fish Maggots are the most popular bait for anglers in Europe 8 Anglers throw handfuls into the swim they are targeting attracting the fish to the area The anglers then use the largest or most attractive maggots on the hook hoping to be irresistible to the fish Commercial maggot breeders from the UK sell their maggots to tackle dealers throughout the E U and North America In North America maggots have been used primarily as ice fishing bait recently however anglers have started using them year round citation needed Medical treatment Edit Main article Maggot therapy Live maggots of certain species of flies have been used since antiquity for wound debridement Use of the wrong species would invite pathological myiasis 9 In controlled and sterile settings overseen by medical practitioners maggot therapy introduces live disinfected maggots into non healing skin or soft wounds of a human or animal The only maggots cleared for marketing in the United States are larvae of calliphorid flies of the species Lucilia sericata 10 This species of maggots is most widely used in the world as well but it is unclear whether it is the only species cleared for marketing outside of the United States They feed on the dead or necrotic tissue leaving sound tissue largely unharmed Studies have also shown that maggots kill bacteria Three midgut lysozymes of L sericata have antibacterial effects in maggot debridement therapy The study demonstrated that the majority of gram positive bacteria were destroyed in vivo within the particular section of the L sericata midgut where lysozymes are produced During the passage through the intestine of the maggots the ability of bacteria to survive drastically decreased implying the antibacterial action of the three midgut lysozymes 11 As of 2008 maggot therapy was being used in around 1 000 medical centers in Europe and over 300 medical centers in the United States 12 Forensic science Edit The presence and development of maggots on a corpse are useful in the estimation of time elapsed since death Depending on the species and the conditions maggots may be observed on a body within 24 hours The eggs are laid directly on the food source and when the eggs hatch the maggots move towards their preferred conditions and begin to feed By studying the insects present at a crime scene forensic entomologists can determine the approximate time of death Insects are usually useful after a post mortem interval PMI of approximately 25 80 hours depending on ambient conditions After this interval this method becomes less reliable Blow flies are often used in forensic entomology to determine PMI because of their oviposition on carrion and corpses The black blowfly Phormia regina P regina is extremely widespread across the US and often the earliest species to oviposit on a corpse making it especially important to forensic science 13 Behaviours EditAs with fleas and ticks maggots can be a threat to household pets and livestock especially sheep Flies reproduce rapidly in the summer months and maggots can come in large numbers creating a maggot infestation and a high risk of myiasis a maggot infestation of living tissue in sheep and other animals Humans are not immune to the feeding habits of maggots and can also contract myiasis Interaction between humans and maggots usually occurs near garbage cans dead animals rotten food and other breeding grounds for maggots When maggots turn into adult flies and start the life cycle over numbers will grow exponentially if unchecked but disease natural predators and parasites keep the population under control Sealing garbage and using a garbage disposal or freezing rotting leftovers until waste collection day helps prevent infestation Introducing an environmental control such as Hister beetles can also help reduce maggot populations See also EditAnnelids Caterpillars Polychaete Worm Maggot farmingReferences Edit Definition of MAGGOT merriam webster com Retrieved 29 January 2017 Comstock John Henry An Introduction to Entomology Comstock publishing 1930 Richards O W Davies R G 1977 Imms General Textbook of Entomology Volume 1 Structure Physiology and Development Volume 2 Classification and Biology Berlin Springer ISBN 0 412 61390 5 Jardine N K The Dictionary of Entomology 1913 Smith John B Explanation of terms used in entomology Brooklyn Entomological Society 1906 Marshall Stephen A 2012 Flies The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera Firefly Books Ltd p 22 ISBN 978 1 77085 100 9 Greenberg Bernard Kunich John Charles 2002 Entomology and the Law Flies as Forensic Indicators New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 01957 6 MAGGOTS THE PERFECT FISHING BAIT Angling Times Retrieved 6 September 2022 James M T 1947 The Flies That Cause Myiasis in Man Washington D C U S Dept of Agriculture Sherman R A March 2009 Maggot therapy takes us back to the future of wound care new and improved maggot therapy for the 21st century J Diabetes Sci Technol 3 2 336 344 doi 10 1177 193229680900300215 PMC 2771513 PMID 20144365 Valachova I 2014 Midgut lysozymes of Lucilia sericata new antimicrobials involved in maggot debridement therapy Insect Molecular Biology 23 6 779 787 doi 10 1111 imb 12122 PMID 25098233 S2CID 39079130 Maggot debridement therapy DermNet dermnetnz org Retrieved 19 February 2010 Catts E P Goff M L January 1992 Forensic Entomology in Criminal Investigations Annual Review of Entomology 37 1 253 272 doi 10 1146 annurev en 37 010192 001345 PMID 1539937 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maggots Diptera at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maggot amp oldid 1130241050, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
