This species roosts primarily in caves, but also in mines and buildings. The species is insectivorous, primarily consuming insects of the order Lepidoptera and Orthoptera.[2]
M. waterhousii does not require complete darkness in its roosting place, and can often be found near the entrance of a cave (with in 10–30 meters), or even partially lit buildings.[3] It is possible to find this species in groups, but not as common as other bats; they are almost never in direct contact with one another.[3] They typically leave their roost about 30 minutes after sundown.[3]
Reproduction
Sperm cycle
Male M. waterhousii have an interesting cycle in their sperm production and peak times for successful mating. From December to early June, there are no mature sperm found within the male's reproductive tract.[4] Starting in June, the spermatogenic cycle begins, leading to sperm being available (for mating) in August.[4] Mature sperm can be found in the reproductive tract of males from August to early December. However, starting around September, a decrease in testes size can be observed.[4]
Delayed development
Observed during the pregnancy of female M. waterhousii, there seems to be a delay in the development of the offspring. It is possible that this is controlled by levels of Plasma Thyroxine (T4).[5] During the first two trimester of pregnancy, levels of T4 are relatively low.[5] But during the last trimester (and lactation), levels of T4 more than double typically.[5] These corresponds in the observed delayed development of the offspring, as much of the development happen in that last trimester.[5]
Echolocation and foraging
Like many bats, this species uses echolocation as a means to locate their prey. In particular, Macrotus waterhousii uses a low intensity, broadband-like call to aide in their search for food.[6] The maximum frequency of a call is 73.65 kHz with a minimum of 46.19 kHz, creating a bandwidth of 27.46 kHz.[6] The call ranges from about 1 second to 3 seconds.[6] In addition, to echolocation, M. waterhousii uses the sound made by the prey itself to locate it.[6] This type of foraging behavior leads to a preference for a cluttered habitat.[6] As M. waterhousii is hunting, the frequency of calls decreases as it approaches its prey.[7]
Parasites
Torrestrongylus tetradorsalis, a nematode parasite of the Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat in Central Mexico. Scanning electron microscopy.
^Solari, S. (2018). "Macrotus waterhousii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T12653A22032004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T12653A22032004.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^ abMurray, Kevin L.; Fleming, Theodore H.; Gaines, Michael S.; Williams, Dean A. (2008). "Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two species of phyllostomid bats from the Greater Antilles (Erophylla sezekorni and Macrotus waterhousii)". Molecular Ecology Resources. 8 (3): 596–598. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02007.x. PMID 21585843. S2CID 22552605.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 2012-11-24. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
^ abcKrutzsch, Philip H.; Watson, Robert H.; Lox, Charles D. (April 1976). "Reproductive biology of the male leaf-nosed bat,Macrotus waterhousii in Southwestern United States". The Anatomical Record. 184 (4): 611–635. doi:10.1002/ar.1091840403. PMID 943969. S2CID 43216821.
^ abcdBurns, J.Mitchell; Baker, Robert J.; Bleier, William J. (February 1972). "Hormonal control of 'delayed development' in Macrotus waterhousii". General and Comparative Endocrinology. 18 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/0016-6480(72)90079-2. PMID 5009678.
^ abcdeEmrich, Matthew A.; Clare, Elizabeth L.; Symondson, William O. C.; Koenig, Susan E.; Fenton, Melville Brock (August 2014). "Resource partitioning by insectivorous bats in Jamaica" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 23 (15): 3648–3656. doi:10.1111/mec.12504. PMID 25187923. S2CID 24315794.
^Macías, Silvio; Hechavarría, Julio C.; Cobo, Ariadna; Mora, Emanuel C. (March 2014). "Narrow sound pressure level tuning in the auditory cortex of the bats Molossus molossus and Macrotus waterhousii". Hearing Research. 309: 36–43. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.11.004. PMID 24269749. S2CID 23496840.
^Caspeta-Mandujano, Juan Manuel; Peralta-Rodríguez, Jorge Luis; Galindo-García, María Guadalupe; Jiménez, Francisco Agustín (2015). "A new species of Torrestrongylus (Trichostrongylidae, Anoplostrongylinae) from Macrotus waterhousii (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Central Mexico". Parasite. 22: 29. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015029. PMC4626622. PMID 26514594.
August 22, 2023
waterhouse, leaf, nosed, macrotus, waterhousii, species, eared, family, phyllostomidae, found, greater, antilles, excluding, puerto, rico, cayman, islands, cuba, hispaniola, dominican, republic, haiti, jamaica, well, mexico, from, sonora, hidalgo, south, guate. Waterhouse s leaf nosed bat Macrotus waterhousii is a species of big eared bat in the family Phyllostomidae It is found in the Greater Antilles excluding Puerto Rico in the Cayman Islands Cuba Hispaniola the Dominican Republic and Haiti and Jamaica as well as Mexico from Sonora to Hidalgo south to Guatemala 2 Waterhouse s leaf nosed batConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ChiropteraFamily PhyllostomidaeGenus MacrotusSpecies M waterhousiiBinomial nameMacrotus waterhousiiGray 1843 Contents 1 Behavior 2 Reproduction 2 1 Sperm cycle 2 2 Delayed development 3 Echolocation and foraging 4 Parasites 5 ReferencesBehavior EditThis species roosts primarily in caves but also in mines and buildings The species is insectivorous primarily consuming insects of the order Lepidoptera and Orthoptera 2 M waterhousii does not require complete darkness in its roosting place and can often be found near the entrance of a cave with in 10 30 meters or even partially lit buildings 3 It is possible to find this species in groups but not as common as other bats they are almost never in direct contact with one another 3 They typically leave their roost about 30 minutes after sundown 3 Reproduction EditSperm cycle Edit Male M waterhousii have an interesting cycle in their sperm production and peak times for successful mating From December to early June there are no mature sperm found within the male s reproductive tract 4 Starting in June the spermatogenic cycle begins leading to sperm being available for mating in August 4 Mature sperm can be found in the reproductive tract of males from August to early December However starting around September a decrease in testes size can be observed 4 Delayed development Edit Observed during the pregnancy of female M waterhousii there seems to be a delay in the development of the offspring It is possible that this is controlled by levels of Plasma Thyroxine T4 5 During the first two trimester of pregnancy levels of T4 are relatively low 5 But during the last trimester and lactation levels of T4 more than double typically 5 These corresponds in the observed delayed development of the offspring as much of the development happen in that last trimester 5 Echolocation and foraging EditLike many bats this species uses echolocation as a means to locate their prey In particular Macrotus waterhousii uses a low intensity broadband like call to aide in their search for food 6 The maximum frequency of a call is 73 65 kHz with a minimum of 46 19 kHz creating a bandwidth of 27 46 kHz 6 The call ranges from about 1 second to 3 seconds 6 In addition to echolocation M waterhousii uses the sound made by the prey itself to locate it 6 This type of foraging behavior leads to a preference for a cluttered habitat 6 As M waterhousii is hunting the frequency of calls decreases as it approaches its prey 7 Parasites Edit Torrestrongylus tetradorsalis a nematode parasite of the Waterhouse s leaf nosed bat in Central Mexico Scanning electron microscopy The nematode Torrestrongylus tetradorsalis was described in 2015 It is a parasite of the small intestine of the Waterhouse s leaf nosed bat in Central Mexico 8 It was collected from bats from the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve in the state of Morelos References Edit Solari S 2018 Macrotus waterhousii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T12653A22032004 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T12653A22032004 en Retrieved 15 November 2021 a b Murray Kevin L Fleming Theodore H Gaines Michael S Williams Dean A 2008 Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two species of phyllostomid bats from the Greater Antilles Erophylla sezekorni and Macrotus waterhousii Molecular Ecology Resources 8 3 596 598 doi 10 1111 j 1471 8286 2007 02007 x PMID 21585843 S2CID 22552605 a b c Index for Mammalian Species Archived from the original on 2012 11 24 Retrieved 2015 04 07 a b c Krutzsch Philip H Watson Robert H Lox Charles D April 1976 Reproductive biology of the male leaf nosed bat Macrotus waterhousii in Southwestern United States The Anatomical Record 184 4 611 635 doi 10 1002 ar 1091840403 PMID 943969 S2CID 43216821 a b c d Burns J Mitchell Baker Robert J Bleier William J February 1972 Hormonal control of delayed development in Macrotus waterhousii General and Comparative Endocrinology 18 1 54 58 doi 10 1016 0016 6480 72 90079 2 PMID 5009678 a b c d e Emrich Matthew A Clare Elizabeth L Symondson William O C Koenig Susan E Fenton Melville Brock August 2014 Resource partitioning by insectivorous bats in Jamaica PDF Molecular Ecology 23 15 3648 3656 doi 10 1111 mec 12504 PMID 25187923 S2CID 24315794 Macias Silvio Hechavarria Julio C Cobo Ariadna Mora Emanuel C March 2014 Narrow sound pressure level tuning in the auditory cortex of the bats Molossus molossus and Macrotus waterhousii Hearing Research 309 36 43 doi 10 1016 j heares 2013 11 004 PMID 24269749 S2CID 23496840 Caspeta Mandujano Juan Manuel Peralta Rodriguez Jorge Luis Galindo Garcia Maria Guadalupe Jimenez Francisco Agustin 2015 A new species of Torrestrongylus Trichostrongylidae Anoplostrongylinae from Macrotus waterhousii Chiroptera Phyllostomidae in Central Mexico Parasite 22 29 doi 10 1051 parasite 2015029 PMC 4626622 PMID 26514594 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Waterhouse 27s leaf nosed bat amp oldid 1151873767, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
