MacArthur Park (song)
"MacArthur Park" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb that was recorded first by Irish actor and singer Richard Harris in 1968. Harris's version peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number four on the UK Singles Chart. "MacArthur Park" was subsequently covered by numerous artists, including a 1970 Grammy-winning version by country music singer Waylon Jennings and a number one Billboard Hot 100 disco arrangement by Donna Summer in 1978.[4] Webb won the 1969 Grammy Award for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) for the Richard Harris version.[5]
| "MacArthur Park" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
US single picture sleeve (also used for the West German release) | ||||
| Single by Richard Harris | ||||
| from the album A Tramp Shining | ||||
| B-side | "Didn't We?" | |||
| Released | April 1968 | |||
| Recorded | December 21, 1967 | |||
| Studio | Sound Recorders, Hollywood | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 7:21 | |||
| Label | Dunhill | |||
| Songwriter(s) | Jimmy Webb | |||
| Producer(s) | Jimmy Webb | |||
| Richard Harris singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
In 1967, producer Bones Howe had asked Webb to create a pop song with different movements and changing time signatures. Webb delivered "MacArthur Park" to Howe with "everything he wanted", but Howe did not care for the ambitious arrangement and unorthodox lyrics and the song was rejected by the group The Association, for whom it had been intended.[6]
Composition edit
"MacArthur Park" was written and composed by Jimmy Webb in the summer and fall of 1967 as part of an intended cantata. Webb brought the entire cantata to The Association, but the group rejected it.[7] The inspiration for the song was his relationship and breakup with Susie Horton.[8] MacArthur Park, in Los Angeles, was where the couple would occasionally meet for lunch and spent their most enjoyable times together.[9] At that time (the middle of 1965), Horton worked for Aetna insurance, whose offices were across the street from the park.[4] When asked by interviewer Terry Gross what was going through his mind when he wrote the song's lyrics, Webb replied that it was meant to be symbolic and referred to the end of a love affair.[10] In an interview with Newsday in October 2014, Webb explained:
Everything in the song was visible. There's nothing in it that's fabricated. The old men playing checkers by the trees, the cake that was left out in the rain, all of the things that are talked about in the song are things I actually saw. And so it's a kind of musical collage of this whole love affair that kind of went down in MacArthur Park. ... Back then, I was kind of like an emotional machine, like whatever was going on inside me would bubble out of the piano and onto paper.[8]
Webb and Horton remained friends, even after her marriage to another man. The breakup was also the primary influence for "By the Time I Get to Phoenix", another song written and composed by Webb.[4]
The idea to write and compose a classically structured song with several movements that could be played on the radio came from a challenge by music producer Bones Howe, who produced recordings for The Association.[8]
Richard Harris original version edit
Background and release edit
"MacArthur Park" was first recorded by Richard Harris, after he met the composer at a fundraiser in East Los Angeles, California in late 1967. Webb had been invited to provide the musical backdrop at the piano. Out of the blue, Harris, who had just starred in the film Camelot and had performed several musical numbers in it, suggested to Webb that he wanted to release a record. At first, Webb did not take Harris seriously, but later he received a telegram from Harris requesting that Webb "come to London and make a record".[4] Webb flew to London and played Harris a number of songs for the project, but none seemed to fit Harris for his pop music debut. The last song that Webb played for Harris was "MacArthur Park".[4]
The track was recorded on December 21, 1967, at Armin Steiner's Sound Recorders in Hollywood. String, woodwind, and brass overdubs were recorded over two sessions on December 29 and 30.[11] The musicians in the original studio recording included members of the Wrecking Crew of Los Angeles-based studio musicians who played on many of the hit records of the 1960s and 1970s. Personnel used included Hal Blaine on drums, Larry Knechtel on keyboards, Joe Osborn on bass guitar, and Tommy Tedesco and Mike Deasy on guitars, along with Webb himself on harpsichord.
The song was included on Harris's album A Tramp Shining in 1968 and selected for release as a single, an unusual choice, given the song's length and complex structure. It was released in April 1968[12] and was played by 77 WABC on Tuesday April 9, 1968.[13] It made its way onto the Hot 100 at number 79 on May 11, 1968, peaking at number 2 on June 22, 1968, behind Herb Alpert's "This Guy's in Love with You". It peaked at number 10 on Billboard's Easy Listening survey and was number 8 on WABC's overall 1968 chart.[14] It topped the music charts in Europe and Australia and also won the 1969 Grammy Award for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s).[15]
Chart history edit
Weekly charts edit
| Year-end charts edit
|
Donna Summer version edit
| "MacArthur Park" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish single picture sleeve (also used for the German release with different text) | ||||
| Single by Donna Summer | ||||
| from the album Live and More | ||||
| B-side |
| |||
| Released | September 24, 1978 | |||
| Recorded | 1978 | |||
| Genre | Disco | |||
| Length | 8:27 (album version) 3:59 (single version) 17:47 (with reprise) | |||
| Label | Casablanca | |||
| Songwriter(s) | Jimmy Webb | |||
| Producer(s) | ||||
| Donna Summer singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
Background and release edit
In September 1978, American singer Donna Summer released a multi-million selling vinyl single disco version of "MacArthur Park". The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of November 11, 1978, for 3 weeks, and earned Summer her first nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Italian producer Giorgio Moroder would recall that he and his collaborator Pete Bellotte had been interested in the concept of either remixing a track – as yet undecided on – which had been a hit in the 1960s or else remaking a 1960s hit as a dance track: Moroder – "I remember that I was driving in ... on the Hollywood Freeway, and I heard the original song [i.e. "MacArthur Park" by Richard Harris] on the radio. I thought: 'That's it – that's the song we've been looking for for almost a year.'" Moroder asked Neil Bogart, president of Casablanca Records, to provide him with a copy of the Richard Harris version of "MacArthur Park" to serve as the basis for Moroder's envisioned discofied reinvention: Bogart obliged with an 8-track tape containing Harris's version, prompting Moroder to buy an 8-track player in order to hear it.[24]
Moroder readily identified "MacArthur Park" as (quote) "a great song for Donna – with all those high notes, it was perfect [for her] ... First, I [located] a key that she could sing really high, but still with a big voice – that took an hour or two. I played a little piano and she sang it with my accompaniment. We found a key and we had Greg Mathieson do the arrangement – and then I did something very special" – that "something very special" being Moroder's recording of his own voice to form a choir heard behind Summer on the song's chorus: "I recorded about 20 seconds of all the notes, which I was able to sing on a 24-track. I made a loop of those notes, and put that loop in the [Solid State Logic] desk. I could form eight chords by having C-E-G right on the group. I played the chords by moving the track according to the chord that I needed." Of basing a discofied arrangement on the template for Webb's arrangement on the Harris version Moroder would recall: "To be honest, it was a very difficult song to [arrange], especially the brass, but we had the best musicians in town."[24]
Summer's recording of "MacArthur Park", included as part of the "MacArthur Park Suite" on her double album Live and More, was eight minutes and forty seconds long. The shorter seven-inch vinyl single version – which omits the song's balladic second movement – afforded Summer her first #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, also becoming the last of seven hit versions of compositions by Jimmy Webb to reach the Top Ten on the Hot 100, with "MacArthur Park" by Donna Summer being the only recording of a Webb composition to top the Hot 100.
Record World reported that this version produces a "dazzling" effect and that "the syn-drums and inspired production techniques are occasional and dramatic."[25]
The nearly 18-minute musical medley "MacArthur Park Suite" incorporated the original songs "One of a Kind" and "Heaven Knows", the latter being issued as the second single off Live and More. This medley was also sold as a 12-inch (30 cm) vinyl recording, and it stayed at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart for five weeks in 1978.
The versions of this medley in Live and More and in the 12-inch recording are notably different in the presentation of the two original songs. In the 12-inch version, "Heaven Knows" was extended to incorporate the instrumental string introduction and the bridge horn solo of the single version for radio stations, but left out the second verse, and "One of a Kind" was trimmed of a large part of the instrumental break but included the second verse. Lyrically, Summer's rendition is also curious, in that it adds the word "Chinese" to clarify what type of checkers were being played.
"MacArthur Park Suite" was not included on the compact disc version of Live and More because of early CD limitations; however, the album version is available on 1987's The Dance Collection: A Compilation of Twelve Inch Singles. The 12" Special One-Sided Disco DJ Single has been digitally remastered and included on the Bad Girls digipak double CD release. In 2012, "Live and More" was remastered in Japan and included the original LP version of the "MacArthur Park Suite".
In 2013, the song was remixed by Laidback Luke for the Donna Summer remix album Love To Love You Donna (it was also remixed by Ralphi Rosario and Frank Lamboy), which was released to dance clubs all over America, having a successful peaking at No. 1, giving Summer her first posthumous No. 1 and her twentieth No. 1 overall.[26]
British electronic duo Pet Shop Boys used a sample of Summer's version in their 1999 song New York City Boy.
Charts edit
Weekly charts edit
| Year-end charts edit
|
Certifications edit
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Canada (Music Canada)[45] | Gold | 75,000^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[46] | Silver | 250,000^ |
| United States (RIAA)[47] | Gold | 1,000,000^ |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone. | ||
Other versions edit
A cover version of "MacArthur Park" was recorded by country music singer Waylon Jennings on his 1969 album Country-Folk, which included the family group the Kimberlys. This version charted at number 23 on Hot Country Songs and number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100, making its chart debut on August 23, 1969.[48] It also won both acts the 1969 Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.[48][49] It was revisited in 1976 by Jennings, on his album Are You Ready for the Country.
In late 1969, Tony Bennett's cover reached No. 39 on the US Easy Listening chart and No. 40 Canadian Adult Contemporary.[50]
The Four Tops version (1971) reached number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart[51] and number 37 in Canada.[52] The Andy Williams version (1972) debuted on the Easy Listening chart in early August and rose to number 26 over the course of five weeks.[53]
A cover version of "MacArthur Park" was recorded by Scottish progressive rock band Beggars Opera on their 1972 album Pathfinder. Their eight-minute version was panned by music critic Paul Stump who said that the band "over-eggs the already indigestible pudding" of the song.[54]
According to one database there are at least 194 versions of the song.[55]
See also edit
References edit
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- ^ Molanphy, Chris (November 27, 2017). "Queen of Disco Edition". Hit Parade | Music History and Music Trivia (Podcast). Slate. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ a b Breihan, Tom (January 10, 2020). "The Number Ones: Donna Summer's "MacArthur Park"". Stereogum. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
"MacArthur Park" is the sort of thing that can't possibly be repeated — a bugged-out psychedelic easy-listening folk-rock experiment that became a hit...
- ^ a b c d e Boucher, Geoff. "'MacArthur Park' Jimmy Webb | 1968" 2014-10-20 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times, June 10, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2015
- ^ http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1969-243.html . Retrieved 28 July 2023
- ^ Simpson, Dave (2013-11-11). "How we made MacArthur Park". The Guardian. from the original on 2014-12-17. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
- ^ Bronson, Fred (1988). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. New York: Billboard. from the original on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ^ a b c Fallick, Alan H. (October 8, 2014). "Jimmy Webb discusses famous lyrics in 'MacArthur Park'". Newsday. from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
- ^ "Muse for Jimmy Webb's 'MacArthur Park' treasures those days". Los Angeles Times. July 20, 2013. from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ^ "Jimmy Webb: From 'Phoenix' To 'Just Across The River'". NPR. from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "Harris, Richard MacArthur Park – Phonograph Recording Contract" (PDF). The Wrecking Crew. (PDF) from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ "MacArthur Park record details". 45cat.com. from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
- ^ "The Top 100 Hits of 1968". Musicradio77.com. from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
- ^ "The Musicradio WABC Top 100 of 1968". Musicradio77.com. from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ "ASCAP Candidacy filing, page 15" (PDF). Ascap.com. (PDF) from the original on 2009-12-22. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
- ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 5741." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – MacArthur Park". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- ^ "SA Charts 1965–March 1989". from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ "Richard Harris Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
- ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 106.
- ^ . Poparchives.com.au. Barry McKay. January 2007. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca. from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
- ^ "Musicoutfitters.com". Musicoutfitters.com. from the original on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
- ^ a b "Key Tracks: Donna Summer's "MacArthur Park"". RedBullMusicAcademy.com. from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ "Hits of the Week" (PDF). Record World. September 9, 1978. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ^ . AltSounds. December 17, 2013. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 0039a." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 0032." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 4638." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Donna Summer". Sisältää hitin - 2. laitos Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla 1.1.1960–30.6.2021 (PDF) (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. p. 250. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – MacArthur Park". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ^ Racca, Guido (2019). M&D Borsa Singoli 1960–2019 (in Italian). Independently Published. ISBN 9781093264906.
- ^ "Donna Summer – MacArthur Park" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
- ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 47, 1978" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
- ^ a b Fernando Salaverri (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
- ^ "Donna Summer Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
- ^ "Donna Summer Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
- ^ "Hot Dance Club Songs". Billboard. December 28, 2013. from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
- ^ "Donna Summer Chart History (Hot Dance/Electronic Songs)". Billboard.
- ^ "Kent Music Report No 236 – 1 January 1979 > National Top 100 Singles for 1978". Kent Music Report. Retrieved 8 January 2022 – via Imgur.com.
- ^ Steffen Hung. . Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
- ^ . RPM Weekly. December 30, 1978. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
- ^ . Cash Box Archives. December 30, 1978. Archived from the original on September 29, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
- ^ "1979 Talent in Action – Year End Charts : Pop Singles". Billboard. Vol. 91, no. 51. December 22, 1979. p. TIA-10.
- ^ "Canadian single certifications – Donna Summer – MacArthur Park". Music Canada. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "British single certifications – Donna Summer – MacArthur Park". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "American single certifications – Donna Summer – Mac Arthur Park". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-89820-177-2.
- ^ "Grammy Awards Past Winners: 1969". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. from the original on December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
- ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 17 July 2013. from the original on 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "The Four Tops - Chart History". Billboard. from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ^ "Item: 4240". RPM. Vol. 16, no. 9. October 16, 1971. from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ^ Whitburn 2008, p. 296
- ^ Stump, Paul (1997). The Music's All that Matters: A History of Progressive Rock. Quartet Books. p. 81. ISBN 9780704380363.
- ^ "Macarrhur Park". SecondHandSongs. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
External links edit
- Cite from Fred Bronson, The Billboard Book of Number One Hits, Billboard, 1988
- Link to The Lou Gordon Home Page 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine