Luigi Federico Menabrea (4 September 1809 – 24 May 1896), later made 1st Count Menabrea and 1st Marquess of Valdora, was an Italian statesman, general, diplomat, and mathematician who served as the seventh prime minister of Italy from 1867 to 1869.
King Charles Albert sent him in 1848 on diplomatic missions to secure the adhesion of Modena and Parma to Sardinia. He entered the Piedmontese parliament, and was attached successively to the Ministries of War and Foreign Affairs.[1]
Menabrea belonged to the right centre, and until the events of 1859 he believed in the possibility of a compromise between the Vatican and the state. He was major-general and commander-in-chief of the engineers in the Lombard campaign of 1859. He superintended the siege works against Peschiera, was present at Palestro and Solferino, and repaired the fortifications of some of the northern fortresses. In 1860 he became lieutenant-general and conducted the siege of Gaeta. He was appointed senator and received the title of count.[1]
Entering the Ricasoli cabinet of 1861 as minister for the navy, he held the portfolio of public works until 1864 in the succeeding Farini and Minghetti cabinets. After the war of 1866, he was chosen as Italian plenipotentiary for the negotiation of the Treaty of Prague and for the transfer of Venetia to Italy. In October 1867, he succeeded Rattazzi in the premiership, and was called upon to deal with the difficult situation created by Garibaldi's invasion of the Papal States and by the catastrophe of Mentana.[1]
Menabrea disavowed Garibaldi and instituted judicial proceedings against him; but in negotiations with the French government he protested against the retention of the temporal power by the pope and insisted on the Italian right of interference in Rome. He was in on the secret of the direct negotiations between Victor Emmanuel and Napoleon III in June 1869, and refused to entertain the idea of a French alliance unless Italy were allowed to occupy the Papal States, and, on occasion, Rome itself. On the eve of the assembly of the Oecumenical Council at Rome Menabrea reserved to the Italian government its right in respect of any measures directed against Italian institutions.[1]
He withdrew from seminary students in 1860 the exemption from military service which they had hitherto enjoyed. Throughout his term of office he was supported by the finance minister Count Cambray Digny, who forced through parliament the grist tax proposed by Quintino Sella, though in an altered form from the earlier proposal. After a series of changes in the cabinet, and many crises, Menabrea resigned in December 1869 on the election of a new chamber in which he did not command a majority. He was made marquis of Valdora in 1875. His successor in the premiership, Giovanni Lanza, in order to remove him from his influential position as aide-de-camp to the king, sent him to London as ambassador, where he remained until in 1882 he replaced General Cialdini at the Paris Embassy. Ten years later he withdrew from public life, and died at Saint Capin on 24 May 1896.[1]
PublicationsEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luigi Federico Menabrea.
"Notions sur la machine analytique de M. Charles Babbage", Bibliothèque universelle de Genève, nouvelle série 41 (1842) p. 352–76 (23 pages). Available via Bibnum (fr).
Its translation by Ada Lovelace: "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage . . . with Notes by the Translator", Scientific Memoirs, Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies3 (1843): 666-731. Available online at Fourmilab and York University.
"Letter to the Editor of Cosmos." Cosmos. Vol. 6. 1855. pp 421–422.[2] Published online by Wired magazine.[3]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Menabrea, Luigi Federico". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 108.
luigi, federico, menabrea, september, 1809, 1896, later, made, count, menabrea, marquess, valdora, italian, statesman, general, diplomat, mathematician, served, seventh, prime, minister, italy, from, 1867, 1869, prime, minister, italyin, office, october, 1867,. Luigi Federico Menabrea 4 September 1809 24 May 1896 later made 1st Count Menabrea and 1st Marquess of Valdora was an Italian statesman general diplomat and mathematician who served as the seventh prime minister of Italy from 1867 to 1869 Luigi Federico MenabreaPrime Minister of ItalyIn office 27 October 1867 14 December 1869MonarchVictor Emmanuel IIPreceded byUrbano RattazziSucceeded byGiovanni LanzaPersonal detailsBorn 1809 09 04 4 September 1809Chambery First French EmpireDied24 May 1896 1896 05 24 aged 86 Saint Cassin French Third RepublicPolitical partyHistorical Right Contents 1 Biography 2 Publications 3 References 4 External links 5 SourcesBiography EditMenabrea was born at Chambery then part of the First French Empire He was educated at the University of Turin where he qualified as an engineer and became a doctor of mathematics As an officer of engineers he replaced Cavour in 1831 at the fortress of Bard He then became professor of mechanics and construction at the military academy and at the university of Turin 1 Among his notable publications Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage Esq with notes by translator Ada Lovelace 1842 which described many aspects of computer architecture and programming Both are available on Wikisource The Menebrea article The notes by Ada Lovelace King Charles Albert sent him in 1848 on diplomatic missions to secure the adhesion of Modena and Parma to Sardinia He entered the Piedmontese parliament and was attached successively to the Ministries of War and Foreign Affairs 1 Menabrea belonged to the right centre and until the events of 1859 he believed in the possibility of a compromise between the Vatican and the state He was major general and commander in chief of the engineers in the Lombard campaign of 1859 He superintended the siege works against Peschiera was present at Palestro and Solferino and repaired the fortifications of some of the northern fortresses In 1860 he became lieutenant general and conducted the siege of Gaeta He was appointed senator and received the title of count 1 Entering the Ricasoli cabinet of 1861 as minister for the navy he held the portfolio of public works until 1864 in the succeeding Farini and Minghetti cabinets After the war of 1866 he was chosen as Italian plenipotentiary for the negotiation of the Treaty of Prague and for the transfer of Venetia to Italy In October 1867 he succeeded Rattazzi in the premiership and was called upon to deal with the difficult situation created by Garibaldi s invasion of the Papal States and by the catastrophe of Mentana 1 Menabrea disavowed Garibaldi and instituted judicial proceedings against him but in negotiations with the French government he protested against the retention of the temporal power by the pope and insisted on the Italian right of interference in Rome He was in on the secret of the direct negotiations between Victor Emmanuel and Napoleon III in June 1869 and refused to entertain the idea of a French alliance unless Italy were allowed to occupy the Papal States and on occasion Rome itself On the eve of the assembly of the Oecumenical Council at Rome Menabrea reserved to the Italian government its right in respect of any measures directed against Italian institutions 1 He withdrew from seminary students in 1860 the exemption from military service which they had hitherto enjoyed Throughout his term of office he was supported by the finance minister Count Cambray Digny who forced through parliament the grist tax proposed by Quintino Sella though in an altered form from the earlier proposal After a series of changes in the cabinet and many crises Menabrea resigned in December 1869 on the election of a new chamber in which he did not command a majority He was made marquis of Valdora in 1875 His successor in the premiership Giovanni Lanza in order to remove him from his influential position as aide de camp to the king sent him to London as ambassador where he remained until in 1882 he replaced General Cialdini at the Paris Embassy Ten years later he withdrew from public life and died at Saint Capin on 24 May 1896 1 Publications Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luigi Federico Menabrea Notions sur la machine analytique de M Charles Babbage Bibliotheque universelle de Geneve nouvelle serie 41 1842 p 352 76 23 pages Available via Bibnum fr Its translation by Ada Lovelace Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage with Notes by the Translator Scientific Memoirs Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies 3 1843 666 731 Available online at Fourmilab and York University Letter to the Editor of Cosmos Cosmos Vol 6 1855 pp 421 422 2 Published online by Wired magazine 3 References Edit a b c d e f Chisholm 1911 Dorie Tony Annotated Bibliography Charles Babbage and His Analytic Engine web stanford edu Retrieved 2021 06 10 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Sterling Bruce 2017 05 14 Luigi Federico Menabrea paying tribute to Ada Lovelace Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Retrieved 2021 06 10 External links EditO Connor John J Robertson Edmund F Luigi Federico Menabrea MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive University of St AndrewsSources Edit This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Menabrea Luigi Federico Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 18 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 108 Political officesPreceded byUrbano Rattazzi Prime Minister of Italy1867 1869 Succeeded byGiovanni LanzaPreceded byPompeo Di Campello Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs1867 1869 Succeeded byEmilio Visconti VenostaPreceded byAgostino Depretis Italian Minister of Public Works1862 1864 Succeeded byStefano Jacini Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Luigi Federico Menabrea amp oldid 1162527806, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
