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Louisiana State University Shreveport

Louisiana State University Shreveport (LSU Shreveport or LSUS) is a public university in Shreveport, Louisiana. It is part of the Louisiana State University System. Initially, a two-year college, LSUS has expanded into a university with 21 undergraduate degree programs, a dozen master's degree programs, and more recently a Doctorate of Education in Leadership Studies. LSUS offers more than 70 extra-curricular organizations and operates Red River Radio, a public radio network based in Shreveport.

Louisiana State University Shreveport
TypePublic university
Established1967
Parent institution
LSU System
Academic affiliations
Endowment$32 million[1]
ChancellorRobert Smith
Academic staff
123
Students8,518[2]
Undergraduates2,592[2]
Postgraduates5,926[2]
Location,
U.S.

32°25′36″N 93°42′22″W / 32.4268°N 93.7062°W / 32.4268; -93.7062
CampusUrban
ColorsPurple & Gold
   
NicknamePilots
Sporting affiliations
NAIARRAC
MascotThe River Monster
Websitewww.lsus.edu
LSUS
Four-story William H. Bronson Hall houses classrooms and offices. It is named for a former publisher of the Shreveport Times.

History edit

In September 1967, Louisiana State University Shreveport opened its doors as a two-year commuter college with an enrollment of 807 students under the direction of Dean Donald Shipp. The campaign to establish a branch of Louisiana State University (LSU) in Shreveport began in 1936 when the Caddo Parish Police Jury passed a resolution for the school with the support of Frank Fulco and several civic organizations including the Queensborough Civic Club. However, when Louisiana State Senator Roscoe Cranor presented the formal request to Governor Richard Leche in 1937, he rejected the proposal.[5]

Another nineteen years would pass before State Representative Frank Fulco introduce a bill to the Louisiana House in 1956 to, yet again, establish a branch of LSU in Shreveport. It failed in committee, forcing Representative Fulco to introduce a resolution calling for a feasibility study by the State Department of Education to determine the need for a state college in Shreveport. This time, the resolution passes; the study took two years to complete. It revealed that not only was a public college needed in Shreveport but that the citizens of the area desired it, invigorating debate among various Louisiana state legislators, governors, universities, civic clubs, and, of course, private citizens over its necessity and fiscality. Fortunately, the debate concluded in 1964 with the introduction of House Bill 87.[5] By 1965, the LSU Board of Supervisors formally had established LSUS as an integral division of Louisiana State University and appoints Donald Shipp as the first Dean of LSUS.[5]


Shipp quickly establishes a base of operations at the old Line Avenue School with A.J. Howell as the business manager and Mrs. Fabia Thomas as the Registrar and hires the original core faculty.

 
Line Avenue School Shreveport

The Line Avenue School remained the center location for the students, faculty, and staff until the completed construction of the three-story Science Building and a two-story Library on the new campus grounds located off Hwy 1 in Southeast Shreveport in 1967.[5]

Soon after classes began that September in 1967, a push for a four-year status for LSUS ensues by the Student Government Association and Circle K Club of LSUS along with other prominent members of Shreveport. Louisiana State Senator Don Williamson of Caddo Parish heard their calls and became the lead author of Senate Bill No. 16 for a four-year degree granting status for LSUS supported by State Senators Jackson B. Davis and C. Kay Carter and many State Representatives. William "Bill" Bronson, publisher of the Shreveport Times and Vice Chairman of the Coordinating Council for Higher Education, uses his powers of persuasion and both The Times and The Monroe Morning World to endorse the four-year bill for LSUS.[6]

However, surrounding colleges, fearing the loss of student enrollment to a state four-year degree-granting university, staunchly opposed LSUS becoming a four-year school. In fact, the opposition sought to kill the bill by securing the opinion of the Attorney General, stating approval of the proposal would require a two-thirds vote rather than a simple majority. Additionally, an amendment attached to the bill prohibited the construction of dormitories on the Shreveport campus. However, the supporters of the bill agreed to the change, and Governor Edwin Edwards signed the bill into law June 22, 1972, under Act No. 66. Shortly afterward, the Louisiana Council for Higher Education authorized four major academic divisions and 39 degree programs for LSUS. By the fall of 1973, Dean Shipp is promoted to Chancellor, and LSUS institutes its third academic year and its senior year in the fall of 1974.

On May 15, 1975, LSUS held its first commencement at the Municipal Auditorium in Shreveport conferring degrees on 223 students almost 40 years after the initial effort of Frank Fulco to establish a branch of LSU in Shreveport.[5]

On May 5, 1978, the Academic Affairs Committee of the Board of Regents for the State of Louisiana unanimously adopted the motion for LSUS to offer graduate studies for the Master of Education in Secondary Education catapulting LSUS and the Shreveport area into the graduate consortium. Just a year later, the same committee approved the graduate studies for the Master of Business Administration at LSUS, and by 2016, LSUS would have an additional ten graduate programs.[7]

The institution received approval from the Board of Regents for the State of Louisiana on May 22, 2013, to begin offering the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.).[8] The following year, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) approved the institution to be accredited as a Level V institution.[9]

Academics edit

LSUS offers 21 undergraduate programs, 12 Master's degrees, and one Doctoral degree. All of LSUS' business degrees are accredited by AACSB-International. LSUS offers several night courses, catering to its non-traditional student population, and it offers online courses, including four 100% online master's degrees (Master of Nonprofit Organizations, Master of Business Administration, Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction, and Master of Health Administration).

Student life edit

The University Center (UC) at LSUS serves as the campus hub for student, faculty, and staff activities and is a centerpiece of the LSUS campus. The UC staff maintains up-to-date information on each registered student organization such as its officers or authorized representatives, its purpose, and its adviser. Each year, the UC publishes a list of current clubs with the names of the groups according to the nine categories of student organizations.

Organizations edit

LSUS has over 70 student organizations that include Academic/Professional, Governing, Greek, Honorary, Religious, Service, Special Interest, and Sports.

Media edit

The campus serves as the studio location for the public radio network Red River Radio and flagship station KDAQ.

The Almagest, Greek for "great book," is the university's student newspaper in both print and broadcasting and has kept the community at LSUS informed since 1967. The paper is published six to twelve times each fall and spring semester. In 2015, the paper went 100% online.

Spectra, called Narcissus initially, is a student literary magazine that has been in production since 1969 that consists of student and faculty poetry and prose as well as visual artwork.

The Toilet Paper is a promotional paper that is published and emailed weekly that advertises student and faculty events.

Greek edit

Several fraternal or sorority organizations make up the Greek Life at LSUS.

Libraries edit

 
Noel Memorial Library

The Noel Memorial Library edit

The Noel Memorial Library collects materials sufficient to support the university's curricula, then organizes the elements, and makes them readily available to the patrons of the library. Supplies readily available consist of 250,000 books, access to 100,000 electronic books, and 60,000 electronic journals. Additionally, the library houses The Northwest Louisiana Archives and Special Collections and the James Smith Noel Collection of rare books, which is under permanent loan to LSUS. Also, the library is a select depository for United States Government Documents and Louisiana State documents.

Northwest Louisiana Archives edit

The Northwest Louisiana Archives accumulates individual collections relating to the Shreveport area, northwest Louisiana, and the lower Red River region such as vital historical records and manuscripts from the area known as the Ark-La-Tex. Within the Archives, you will find over 1.5 million photographs and negatives documenting the history and culture of the Ark-La-Tex, 800 maps, over 200 oral histories, and 23,000 linear feet of records and manuscripts that are available for researchers to discover the rich and colorful heritage of the region.

The Noel Collection edit

The Noel Collection houses the most extensive private collection of antiquarian books in the United States with an approximate 250,000 volumes that range from religion, philosophy, natural history, curiosities, travel literature, cartography, and much more, and is the life's work of Mr. James Smith Noel. Within the collection, pre-1850 European and American literature and history are most prevalent.

Paul Jones Library edit

The Paul Jones Library opened on Nov. 1, 2015, in Room 421 of Bronson Hall. It is a closed-stack collection containing over 2500 books donated by Mr. Jones and faculty members of LSUS. It covers all aspects of history but has a particular focus on the US Civil War and World War II; it also has a great many books on antiquity.[10]

Museums edit

The Museum of Life Sciences edit

 
The Museum of Life Sciences

The Museum of Life Sciences has the following cataloged collections:

  • 9,148 specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles
  • 2,032 specimens of Mammals
  • 2,118 specimens of Birds
  • 1,430 specimens of Fish
  • 35,700 specimens of Mollusk
  • 2,000 specimens of Insects
  • 2,650 specimens of Spiders
  • 107 specimens of Crawfish
  • 10,678 specimens of Vascular Plants

Pioneer Heritage Center edit

 
Blacksmith Shop

In 1977, the Junior League of Shreveport and LSUS established the Pioneer Heritage Center on the grounds of the LSUS campus as an educational program that provides interpretive tours through the seven plantation structures at the center.[11]

Buildings at the Center include:

  • The Caspiana House (the big house from the Caspiana Plantation)
  • The Thrasher House (a log dogtrot)
  • A detached Kitchen
  • A log single pen blacksmith shop
  • A doctor's office
  • A commissary
  • A riverfront mission

Athletics edit

The LSU–Shreveport (LSUS) athletic teams are called the Pilots. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Red River Athletic Conference (RRAC) since the 2010–11 academic year.[12] The Pilots previously competed in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference (GCAC) from 2000–01 to 2009–10.

LSUS competes in six intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball and soccer; while women's sports include basketball, soccer and tennis. Club sports include bass fighting, eSports and weightlifting.[13]

Accomplishments edit

The LSUS athletic program has produced many championship teams collecting nine regular season conference titles, 16 conference tournament championships, and competed in 31 NAIA National Tournaments.

Facilities edit

The Health and Physical Education Building includes The Dock, a 1,000-seat gymnasium and home to the LSUS men's and women's basketball teams. The Health and Physical Education Building also includes the USA Weightlifting High Performance and Development Center which is home to the LSUS weightlifting team, the LSUS Natatorium houses a six-lane lap pool and the facility also has an indoor track. Located adjacent to the building and part of the complex are eight tennis courts.[14]

Pilot Field is home to the LSUS baseball team and The Swamp is the home of the men's and women's soccer teams.[14]

Notable people that graduated from this University edit

Alumni edit

Faculty edit

References edit

  1. ^ "LSUS Foundation Audit" (PDF). LLA Default Homepage. Louisiana Legislative Auditor. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c . Louisiana Board of Regents. December 2019. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  3. ^ "2023 Master's University Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  4. ^ "Best Colleges 2023: Regional Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Our History". gencat3.eloquent-systems.com. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  6. ^ Reiher, Vanessa Reiher (December 2017). "William Howard Bronson Hall on Campus of LSUS". The Almagest Magazine. 1: 17–22.
  7. ^ Arceneaux, W. (1978). Academic Affairs Committee Report (p. 5, Rep. No. 70825). Baton Rouge, LA: State of Louisiana Board of Regents.
  8. ^ "LSUS offers first doctoral degree".
  9. ^ Sission, P. (2014, April 23). SACSCOC Level Change Update [E-mail].
  10. ^ "History-Social Sciences Dept. Dedicates Paul Jones Library". www.lsus.edu. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  11. ^ "About the Center". www.lsus.edu. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  12. ^ "LSU Shreveport". redriverconference.com. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  13. ^ "LSU–Shreveport Pilots". lsusathletics.com. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  14. ^ a b "Athletic Facilities". lsus.sidhelp.com. Retrieved February 27, 2018.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Official athletics website

louisiana, state, university, shreveport, shreveport, lsus, public, university, shreveport, louisiana, part, louisiana, state, university, system, initially, year, college, lsus, expanded, into, university, with, undergraduate, degree, programs, dozen, master,. Louisiana State University Shreveport LSU Shreveport or LSUS is a public university in Shreveport Louisiana It is part of the Louisiana State University System Initially a two year college LSUS has expanded into a university with 21 undergraduate degree programs a dozen master s degree programs and more recently a Doctorate of Education in Leadership Studies LSUS offers more than 70 extra curricular organizations and operates Red River Radio a public radio network based in Shreveport Louisiana State University ShreveportTypePublic universityEstablished1967Parent institutionLSU SystemAcademic affiliationsCUMUSpace grantEndowment 32 million 1 ChancellorRobert SmithAcademic staff123Students8 518 2 Undergraduates2 592 2 Postgraduates5 926 2 LocationShreveport Louisiana U S 32 25 36 N 93 42 22 W 32 4268 N 93 7062 W 32 4268 93 7062CampusUrbanColorsPurple amp Gold NicknamePilotsSporting affiliationsNAIA RRACMascotThe River MonsterWebsitewww wbr lsus wbr edu LSUS Academic rankingsMaster sWashington Monthly 3 384RegionalU S News amp World Report 4 96 122 South Four story William H Bronson Hall houses classrooms and offices It is named for a former publisher of the Shreveport Times Contents 1 History 2 Academics 3 Student life 3 1 Organizations 3 2 Media 3 3 Greek 4 Libraries 4 1 The Noel Memorial Library 4 1 1 Northwest Louisiana Archives 4 1 2 The Noel Collection 4 2 Paul Jones Library 5 Museums 5 1 The Museum of Life Sciences 5 2 Pioneer Heritage Center 6 Athletics 6 1 Accomplishments 6 2 Facilities 7 Notable people that graduated from this University 7 1 Alumni 7 2 Faculty 8 References 9 External linksHistory editIn September 1967 Louisiana State University Shreveport opened its doors as a two year commuter college with an enrollment of 807 students under the direction of Dean Donald Shipp The campaign to establish a branch of Louisiana State University LSU in Shreveport began in 1936 when the Caddo Parish Police Jury passed a resolution for the school with the support of Frank Fulco and several civic organizations including the Queensborough Civic Club However when Louisiana State Senator Roscoe Cranor presented the formal request to Governor Richard Leche in 1937 he rejected the proposal 5 Another nineteen years would pass before State Representative Frank Fulco introduce a bill to the Louisiana House in 1956 to yet again establish a branch of LSU in Shreveport It failed in committee forcing Representative Fulco to introduce a resolution calling for a feasibility study by the State Department of Education to determine the need for a state college in Shreveport This time the resolution passes the study took two years to complete It revealed that not only was a public college needed in Shreveport but that the citizens of the area desired it invigorating debate among various Louisiana state legislators governors universities civic clubs and of course private citizens over its necessity and fiscality Fortunately the debate concluded in 1964 with the introduction of House Bill 87 5 By 1965 the LSU Board of Supervisors formally had established LSUS as an integral division of Louisiana State University and appoints Donald Shipp as the first Dean of LSUS 5 Shipp quickly establishes a base of operations at the old Line Avenue School with A J Howell as the business manager and Mrs Fabia Thomas as the Registrar and hires the original core faculty nbsp Line Avenue School ShreveportThe Line Avenue School remained the center location for the students faculty and staff until the completed construction of the three story Science Building and a two story Library on the new campus grounds located off Hwy 1 in Southeast Shreveport in 1967 5 Soon after classes began that September in 1967 a push for a four year status for LSUS ensues by the Student Government Association and Circle K Club of LSUS along with other prominent members of Shreveport Louisiana State Senator Don Williamson of Caddo Parish heard their calls and became the lead author of Senate Bill No 16 for a four year degree granting status for LSUS supported by State Senators Jackson B Davis and C Kay Carter and many State Representatives William Bill Bronson publisher of the Shreveport Times and Vice Chairman of the Coordinating Council for Higher Education uses his powers of persuasion and both The Times and The Monroe Morning World to endorse the four year bill for LSUS 6 However surrounding colleges fearing the loss of student enrollment to a state four year degree granting university staunchly opposed LSUS becoming a four year school In fact the opposition sought to kill the bill by securing the opinion of the Attorney General stating approval of the proposal would require a two thirds vote rather than a simple majority Additionally an amendment attached to the bill prohibited the construction of dormitories on the Shreveport campus However the supporters of the bill agreed to the change and Governor Edwin Edwards signed the bill into law June 22 1972 under Act No 66 Shortly afterward the Louisiana Council for Higher Education authorized four major academic divisions and 39 degree programs for LSUS By the fall of 1973 Dean Shipp is promoted to Chancellor and LSUS institutes its third academic year and its senior year in the fall of 1974 On May 15 1975 LSUS held its first commencement at the Municipal Auditorium in Shreveport conferring degrees on 223 students almost 40 years after the initial effort of Frank Fulco to establish a branch of LSU in Shreveport 5 On May 5 1978 the Academic Affairs Committee of the Board of Regents for the State of Louisiana unanimously adopted the motion for LSUS to offer graduate studies for the Master of Education in Secondary Education catapulting LSUS and the Shreveport area into the graduate consortium Just a year later the same committee approved the graduate studies for the Master of Business Administration at LSUS and by 2016 LSUS would have an additional ten graduate programs 7 The institution received approval from the Board of Regents for the State of Louisiana on May 22 2013 to begin offering the Doctor of Education Ed D 8 The following year the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges SACSCOC approved the institution to be accredited as a Level V institution 9 Academics editLSUS offers 21 undergraduate programs 12 Master s degrees and one Doctoral degree All of LSUS business degrees are accredited by AACSB International LSUS offers several night courses catering to its non traditional student population and it offers online courses including four 100 online master s degrees Master of Nonprofit Organizations Master of Business Administration Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction and Master of Health Administration Student life editThe University Center UC at LSUS serves as the campus hub for student faculty and staff activities and is a centerpiece of the LSUS campus The UC staff maintains up to date information on each registered student organization such as its officers or authorized representatives its purpose and its adviser Each year the UC publishes a list of current clubs with the names of the groups according to the nine categories of student organizations Organizations edit LSUS has over 70 student organizations that include Academic Professional Governing Greek Honorary Religious Service Special Interest and Sports Media edit The campus serves as the studio location for the public radio network Red River Radio and flagship station KDAQ The Almagest Greek for great book is the university s student newspaper in both print and broadcasting and has kept the community at LSUS informed since 1967 The paper is published six to twelve times each fall and spring semester In 2015 the paper went 100 online Spectra called Narcissus initially is a student literary magazine that has been in production since 1969 that consists of student and faculty poetry and prose as well as visual artwork The Toilet Paper is a promotional paper that is published and emailed weekly that advertises student and faculty events Greek edit Several fraternal or sorority organizations make up the Greek Life at LSUS Libraries edit nbsp Noel Memorial Library The Noel Memorial Library edit The Noel Memorial Library collects materials sufficient to support the university s curricula then organizes the elements and makes them readily available to the patrons of the library Supplies readily available consist of 250 000 books access to 100 000 electronic books and 60 000 electronic journals Additionally the library houses The Northwest Louisiana Archives and Special Collections and the James Smith Noel Collection of rare books which is under permanent loan to LSUS Also the library is a select depository for United States Government Documents and Louisiana State documents Northwest Louisiana Archives edit The Northwest Louisiana Archives accumulates individual collections relating to the Shreveport area northwest Louisiana and the lower Red River region such as vital historical records and manuscripts from the area known as the Ark La Tex Within the Archives you will find over 1 5 million photographs and negatives documenting the history and culture of the Ark La Tex 800 maps over 200 oral histories and 23 000 linear feet of records and manuscripts that are available for researchers to discover the rich and colorful heritage of the region The Noel Collection edit The Noel Collection houses the most extensive private collection of antiquarian books in the United States with an approximate 250 000 volumes that range from religion philosophy natural history curiosities travel literature cartography and much more and is the life s work of Mr James Smith Noel Within the collection pre 1850 European and American literature and history are most prevalent Paul Jones Library edit The Paul Jones Library opened on Nov 1 2015 in Room 421 of Bronson Hall It is a closed stack collection containing over 2500 books donated by Mr Jones and faculty members of LSUS It covers all aspects of history but has a particular focus on the US Civil War and World War II it also has a great many books on antiquity 10 Museums editThe Museum of Life Sciences edit nbsp The Museum of Life Sciences The Museum of Life Sciences has the following cataloged collections 9 148 specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles 2 032 specimens of Mammals 2 118 specimens of Birds 1 430 specimens of Fish 35 700 specimens of Mollusk 2 000 specimens of Insects 2 650 specimens of Spiders 107 specimens of Crawfish 10 678 specimens of Vascular Plants Pioneer Heritage Center edit nbsp Blacksmith Shop In 1977 the Junior League of Shreveport and LSUS established the Pioneer Heritage Center on the grounds of the LSUS campus as an educational program that provides interpretive tours through the seven plantation structures at the center 11 Buildings at the Center include The Caspiana House the big house from the Caspiana Plantation The Thrasher House a log dogtrot A detached Kitchen A log single pen blacksmith shop A doctor s office A commissary A riverfront missionAthletics editMain article LSU Shreveport Pilots The LSU Shreveport LSUS athletic teams are called the Pilots The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics NAIA primarily competing in the Red River Athletic Conference RRAC since the 2010 11 academic year 12 The Pilots previously competed in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference GCAC from 2000 01 to 2009 10 LSUS competes in six intercollegiate varsity sports Men s sports include baseball basketball and soccer while women s sports include basketball soccer and tennis Club sports include bass fighting eSports and weightlifting 13 Accomplishments edit The LSUS athletic program has produced many championship teams collecting nine regular season conference titles 16 conference tournament championships and competed in 31 NAIA National Tournaments Facilities edit The Health and Physical Education Building includes The Dock a 1 000 seat gymnasium and home to the LSUS men s and women s basketball teams The Health and Physical Education Building also includes the USA Weightlifting High Performance and Development Center which is home to the LSUS weightlifting team the LSUS Natatorium houses a six lane lap pool and the facility also has an indoor track Located adjacent to the building and part of the complex are eight tennis courts 14 Pilot Field is home to the LSUS baseball team and The Swamp is the home of the men s and women s soccer teams 14 Notable people that graduated from this University editAlumni edit Royal Alexander attorney in Shreveport Ransom Ashley artist and photographer Hazel Beard former mayor of Shreveport Sherri Smith Buffington former state senator from Caddo Parish and DeSoto Parish parish Jeff Cox Division C judge of the 26th Judicial District Court since 2005 Brandon Friedman former Deputy Assistant Secretary United States Department of Housing and Urban Development author of The War I Always Wanted Ollie Tyler Mayor of Shreveport did graduate study at LSU Kendrick Farris Olympic weightlifter Sylvia Hoffman Olympic Bobsledder Faculty edit Alexander Mikaberidze a Georgian lawyer author and historian who specializes in Napoleonic studies Russian history and Georgian history He is a professor of history and social sciences Jeffrey D Sadow an LSUS political science professor and widely known political blogger journalist and satirist References edit LSUS Foundation Audit PDF LLA Default Homepage Louisiana Legislative Auditor Retrieved February 1 2022 a b c Preliminary Headcount Enrollment Summary Louisiana Board of Regents December 2019 Archived from the original on May 19 2019 Retrieved December 2 2019 2023 Master s University Rankings Washington Monthly Retrieved February 10 2024 Best Colleges 2023 Regional Universities Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved September 25 2023 a b c d e Our History gencat3 eloquent systems com Retrieved December 22 2017 Reiher Vanessa Reiher December 2017 William Howard Bronson Hall on Campus of LSUS The Almagest Magazine 1 17 22 Arceneaux W 1978 Academic Affairs Committee Report p 5 Rep No 70825 Baton Rouge LA State of Louisiana Board of Regents LSUS offers first doctoral degree Sission P 2014 April 23 SACSCOC Level Change Update E mail History Social Sciences Dept Dedicates Paul Jones Library www lsus edu Retrieved December 22 2017 About the Center www lsus edu Retrieved December 13 2017 LSU Shreveport redriverconference com Retrieved May 19 2018 LSU Shreveport Pilots lsusathletics com Retrieved May 19 2018 a b Athletic Facilities lsus sidhelp com Retrieved February 27 2018 External links editOfficial website Official athletics website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louisiana State University Shreveport amp oldid 1215421033, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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