Louis Pouzin (April 20, 1931 in Chantenay-Saint-Imbert, Nièvre, France) is a French computer scientist. He designed a pioneering packet communications network, CYCLADES that was the first to implement the end-to-end principle, which became fundamental to the design of the Internet.
This network was the first actual implementation of the pure datagram model, initially conceived and described by Donald Davies, subsequently named by Halvor Bothner-By, and seen by Louis Pouzin as his personal invention. His work, and that of his colleagues Hubert Zimmerman and Gérard Le Lann, were acknowledged by Vinton Cerf as substantial contributions to the design of TCP/IP, the protocol suite used by the Internet.
Having participated in the design of the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) at MIT, Pouzin wrote a program for it called RUNCOM around 1963–64. RUNCOM permitted the execution of commands contained within a folder and can be considered the ancestor of the command-line interface and shell scripts. Pouzin was the one who coined the term shell for a command language interpreter separate from the kernel in 1964 or 1965.[1] Pouzin's concepts were later implemented in Multics by Glenda Schroeder at MIT.[2] Schroeder developed the first Multics shell with the assistance of an unnamed man from General Electric. Schroeder's Multics shell was the predecessor to the Unix shell, which is still in use today.
Working with Glenda Schroeder and Pat Crisman, he also described an early e-mail system called "MAIL" to allow users on the CTSS to send notifications to others about backups of files.[3][4] Each user's messages would be added to a local file called "MAIL BOX", which would have a “private” mode so that only the owner could read or delete messages.[5] The proposed uses of the proto-email system were for communication from CTSS to notify users that files had been backed up, discussion between authors of CTSS commands, and communication from command authors to the CTSS manual editor.[5] The service only made it possible to leave messages for the other users on the same computer. The idea to allow users to send messages between computers was developed later by Ray Tomlinson in 1971.[6]
From 1967 to 1969 Pouzin developed one operating system for Météo-France, the French national meteorological service, using CDC 6400 as hardware. This system was created for weather forecast and statistics and was used for 15 years.[7]
Pouzin directed the pioneering CYCLADES networking project from 1971 to 1976 at IRIA.[8] Building on Donald Davies’s simulation of datagram networks, Pouzin built the CIGALE packet switching network.[9] CYCLADES used a layered architecture, as did the Internet later, to research internetworking concepts.[10][11][12]
In 2002 Pouzin, along with Jean-Louis Grangé, Jean-Pierre Henninot and Jean-François Morfin, participated in the creation of Eurolinc, which is a non-profit association that promotes multilingualism in domain names. In June 2003, Eurolinc was accredited by UNO to participate at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).[15]
In November 2011, he founded Savoir-Faire, an alternative root company, with Chantal Lebrument and Quentin Perrigueur.[16][17]
In 2012 he developed a service called Open-Root, which is dedicated to sell top-level domains (TLD) in all scripts outside of ICANN. This way people can develop second-level domains for free.[18]
AwardsEdit
1997 – Pouzin received the ACM SIGCOMM Award for "pioneering work on connectionless packet communication".[19]
^"The Internet's fifth man", Brain scan, The Economist, London: Economist Group, December 13, 2013, Mr Pouzin created a program called RUNCOM that helped users automate tedious and repetitive commands. That program, which he described as a "shell" around the computer's whirring innards, gave inspiration—and a name—to an entire class of software tools, called command-line shells, that still lurk below the surface of modern operating systems.
^"The Origin of the Shell", Multicians, accessed 31 March 2012.
^Pat Crisman; Glenda Schroeder; Louis Pouzin. "Programming Staff Note 39, 'Proposed Minimum System Documentation'" (PDF).
^"The History of Electronic Mail". www.multicians.org. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ abVan Vleck, T. (January 2012). "Electronic Mail and Text Messaging in CTSS, 1965-1973". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 34 (1): 4–6. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2012.6. S2CID 201795798.
^Boryczka, Urszula; Probierz, Barbara; Kozak, Jan (2016). "Automatic Categorization of Email into Folders by Ant Colony Decision Tree and Social Networks". Intelligent Decision Technologies 2016. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Vol. 57. pp. 71–81. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39627-9_7. ISBN978-3-319-39626-2.
^Grangé, J. L. (2012). Oral history interview with Jean-Louis Grangé by Andrew L. Russell.
^"Say Bonjour to the Internet's Long-Lost French Uncle". Wired. 3 January 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^Pelkey, James. "6.3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971–1972". Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968–1988.
^C. Hempstead; W. Worthington (2005). Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology. Routledge. ISBN9781135455514.
^Andrew L. Russell (30 July 2013). "OSI: The Internet That Wasn't". IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 50, no. 8.
^ abCerf, V.; Kahn, R. (1974). "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Communications. 22 (5): 637–648. CiteSeerX10.1.1.113.7384. doi:10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259. ISSN 1558-0857. The authors wish to thank a number of colleagues for helpful comments during early discussions of international network protocols, especially R. Metcalfe, R. Scantlebury, D. Walden, and H. Zimmerman; D. Davies and L. Pouzin who constructively commented on the fragmentation and accounting issues; and S. Crocker who commented on the creation and destruction of associations.
"The internet's fifth man". Economist. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017. In the early 1970s Mr Pouzin created an innovative data network that linked locations in France, Italy and Britain. Its simplicity and efficiency pointed the way to a network that could connect not just dozens of machines, but millions of them. It captured the imagination of Dr Cerf and Dr Kahn, who included aspects of its design in the protocols that now power the internet.
Russell, Andrew L.; Schafer, Valérie (2014). "In the Shadow of ARPANET and Internet: Louis Pouzin and the Cyclades Network in the 1970s". Technology and Culture. 55 (4): 880–907. doi:10.1353/tech.2014.0096. ISSN 1097-3729. S2CID 143582561.
Soyez Fabien, Lebrument Chantal (2020). The Inventions of Louis Pouzin - One of the Fathers of the Internet. Berlin: Springer. ISBN978-3-030-34836-6.
External linksEdit
Louis Pouzin: a major Internet figure, INRIA
October 15, 2023
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This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Louis Pouzin April 20 1931 in Chantenay Saint Imbert Nievre France is a French computer scientist He designed a pioneering packet communications network CYCLADES that was the first to implement the end to end principle which became fundamental to the design of the Internet Louis PouzinLouis Pouzin en 2013 Born20 April 1931 age 92 Chantenay Saint Imbert Alma materEcole polytechnique AwardsQueen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering 2013 IEEE Internet Award 2001 Internet Hall of Fame 2012 SIGCOMM Award 1997 Officer of the Legion of Honour 2018 This network was the first actual implementation of the pure datagram model initially conceived and described by Donald Davies subsequently named by Halvor Bothner By and seen by Louis Pouzin as his personal invention His work and that of his colleagues Hubert Zimmerman and Gerard Le Lann were acknowledged by Vinton Cerf as substantial contributions to the design of TCP IP the protocol suite used by the Internet Contents 1 Biography 2 Awards 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBiography EditHe studied at the Ecole Polytechnique from 1950 to 1952 Having participated in the design of the Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS at MIT Pouzin wrote a program for it called RUNCOM around 1963 64 RUNCOM permitted the execution of commands contained within a folder and can be considered the ancestor of the command line interface and shell scripts Pouzin was the one who coined the term shell for a command language interpreter separate from the kernel in 1964 or 1965 1 Pouzin s concepts were later implemented in Multics by Glenda Schroeder at MIT 2 Schroeder developed the first Multics shell with the assistance of an unnamed man from General Electric Schroeder s Multics shell was the predecessor to the Unix shell which is still in use today Working with Glenda Schroeder and Pat Crisman he also described an early e mail system called MAIL to allow users on the CTSS to send notifications to others about backups of files 3 4 Each user s messages would be added to a local file called MAIL BOX which would have a private mode so that only the owner could read or delete messages 5 The proposed uses of the proto email system were for communication from CTSS to notify users that files had been backed up discussion between authors of CTSS commands and communication from command authors to the CTSS manual editor 5 The service only made it possible to leave messages for the other users on the same computer The idea to allow users to send messages between computers was developed later by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 6 From 1967 to 1969 Pouzin developed one operating system for Meteo France the French national meteorological service using CDC 6400 as hardware This system was created for weather forecast and statistics and was used for 15 years 7 Pouzin directed the pioneering CYCLADES networking project from 1971 to 1976 at IRIA 8 Building on Donald Davies s simulation of datagram networks Pouzin built the CIGALE packet switching network 9 CYCLADES used a layered architecture as did the Internet later to research internetworking concepts 10 11 12 He participated in the International Networking Working Group from 1972 initially chaired by Vint Cerf 13 14 He was acknowledged by Bob Kahn and Cerf in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking protocols A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication 14 In 2002 Pouzin along with Jean Louis Grange Jean Pierre Henninot and Jean Francois Morfin participated in the creation of Eurolinc which is a non profit association that promotes multilingualism in domain names In June 2003 Eurolinc was accredited by UNO to participate at the World Summit on the Information Society WSIS 15 In November 2011 he founded Savoir Faire an alternative root company with Chantal Lebrument and Quentin Perrigueur 16 17 In 2012 he developed a service called Open Root which is dedicated to sell top level domains TLD in all scripts outside of ICANN This way people can develop second level domains for free 18 Awards Edit1997 Pouzin received the ACM SIGCOMM Award for pioneering work on connectionless packet communication 19 2003 Louis Pouzin was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government on March 19 2003 20 2012 Pouzin was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society 21 2013 Pouzin was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering 22 2016 Pouzin received the Global IT Award 23 2018 Pouzin is promoted Officer of the Legion of Honor 20 See also Edit nbsp Biography portal nbsp France portalHistory of the InternetInternet in France Internet pioneers Protocol Wars Remi DespresReferences Edit The Internet s fifth man Brain scan The Economist London Economist Group December 13 2013 Mr Pouzin created a program called RUNCOM that helped users automate tedious and repetitive commands That program which he described as a shell around the computer s whirring innards gave inspiration and a name to an entire class of software tools called command line shells that still lurk below the surface of modern operating systems The Origin of the Shell Multicians accessed 31 March 2012 Pat Crisman Glenda Schroeder Louis Pouzin Programming Staff Note 39 Proposed Minimum System Documentation PDF The History of Electronic Mail www multicians org Retrieved 21 August 2017 a b Van Vleck T January 2012 Electronic Mail and Text Messaging in CTSS 1965 1973 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 34 1 4 6 doi 10 1109 MAHC 2012 6 S2CID 201795798 Boryczka Urszula Probierz Barbara Kozak Jan 2016 Automatic Categorization of Email into Folders by Ant Colony Decision Tree and Social Networks Intelligent Decision Technologies 2016 Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies Vol 57 pp 71 81 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 39627 9 7 ISBN 978 3 319 39626 2 Grange J L 2012 Oral history interview with Jean Louis Grange by Andrew L Russell Say Bonjour to the Internet s Long Lost French Uncle Wired 3 January 2013 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Comment j ai invente le Datagramme Abbate Janet 2000 Inventing the Internet MIT Press p 125 ISBN 978 0 262 51115 5 Pelkey James 6 3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971 1972 Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation A History of Computer Communications 1968 1988 C Hempstead W Worthington 2005 Encyclopedia of 20th Century Technology Routledge ISBN 9781135455514 Andrew L Russell 30 July 2013 OSI The Internet That Wasn t IEEE Spectrum Vol 50 no 8 a b Cerf V Kahn R 1974 A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication PDF IEEE Transactions on Communications 22 5 637 648 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 113 7384 doi 10 1109 TCOM 1974 1092259 ISSN 1558 0857 The authors wish to thank a number of colleagues for helpful comments during early discussions of international network protocols especially R Metcalfe R Scantlebury D Walden and H Zimmerman D Davies and L Pouzin who constructively commented on the fragmentation and accounting issues and S Crocker who commented on the creation and destruction of associations http www eurolinc eu Lebrument Chantal Louis Pouzin January 13 2012 Les Nouvelles Root de L Internet Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved February 17 2022 Savoir faire biographies http old open root eu decouvrir open root biographies http open root eu Postel and Pouzin 1997 SIGCOMM Award Winners ACM SIGCOMM web site a b Decret du 31 decembre 2018 portant promotion et nomination 2012 Inductees Internet Hall of Fame website Last accessed April 24 2012 2013 Winners Announced Archived 2017 01 02 at the Wayback Machine Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering Louis Pouzin Global IT Award Further reading Edit The internet s fifth man Economist 13 December 2013 Retrieved 11 September 2017 In the early 1970s Mr Pouzin created an innovative data network that linked locations in France Italy and Britain Its simplicity and efficiency pointed the way to a network that could connect not just dozens of machines but millions of them It captured the imagination of Dr Cerf and Dr Kahn who included aspects of its design in the protocols that now power the internet Russell Andrew L Schafer Valerie 2014 In the Shadow of ARPANET and Internet Louis Pouzin and the Cyclades Network in the 1970s Technology and Culture 55 4 880 907 doi 10 1353 tech 2014 0096 ISSN 1097 3729 S2CID 143582561 Soyez Fabien Lebrument Chantal 2020 The Inventions of Louis Pouzin One of the Fathers of the Internet Berlin Springer ISBN 978 3 030 34836 6 External links EditLouis Pouzin a major Internet figure INRIA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis Pouzin amp oldid 1177931080, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
