Lora v. United States, 599 U.S. ___ (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding Title 18 of the United States Code, the main federal criminal code of the United States. The Court held that a provision of one subsection of Title 18 barring concurrent sentences does not govern sentences pursuant to a different part of the same section.[1][2]
Whether 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(l)(D)(ii), which provides that "no term of imprisonment imposed ... under this subsection shall run concurrently with any other term of imprisonment," is triggered when a defendant is convicted and sentenced under 18 U.S.C. § 924(j).
Holding
Section 924(c)(1)(D)(ii)’s bar on concurrent sentences does not govern a sentence for a §924(j) conviction. A §924(j) sentence therefore can run either concurrently with or consecutively to another sentence.
Efrain Lora was a drug trafficker in the Bronx. In 2002, Lora and his associates, including Oscar Palmer, conspired to kill a rival trafficker who had threatened to kill Palmer. Palmer, along with a fellow associate, were driven to the house of the rival trafficker and subsequently killed him. Over ten years later, federal prosecutors indicted Lora and his associates in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under 18 U.S.C. § 924(j) for possessing or using a firearm "during and in relation to, and in furtherance of, a conspiracy to distribute cocaine, and … us[ing] the firearm to cause the death” of a person. Additionally, Lora was indicted under 18 U.S.C. §§ 841(b)(1)(A), 846, and 848(e)(1)(A) for conspiring to traffic drugs and for causing a homicide in furtherance of that conspiracy.
At trial, Lora was found guilty on all counts. However, the judge vacated the § 848 charge due to insufficient evidence proving the quantity of drugs. At sentencing, the judge insisted that § 924(j) requires that the sentences for the remaining charges be served consecutively. The District Court ultimately sentenced Lora to 30 years of imprisonment: 25 years on the drug-distribution-conspiracy count and, consecutively, five years on the § 924(j) count. Lora also received five years of supervised release. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed, which had established a precedent in its case law that 924(j) "incorporates the entirety of [subsection 924(c)],” including the bar on consecutive sentences at § 924(c)(1)(D)(ii).[1]
Supreme Courtedit
On July 15, 2022, Lora petitioned the Supreme Court to hear his case. On December 9, 2022, the Court granted certiorari. Oral arguments were held on March 28, 2023. On June 16, 2023, the Supreme Court unanimously vacated the Second Circuit's judgment and remanded.
In an opinion authored by Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, the Court held that Section 924(c)(1)(D)(ii)'s bar on concurrent sentences does not govern a sentence for a § 924(j) conviction. Lora's sentence could therefore run concurrently or consecutively with another sentence.
Sections 924(c) and 924(j), Jackson points out, criminalize the use, carrying, and possession of firearms in connection with certain crimes. Subsections (c) and (j) both describe different offenses and their corresponding penalties. However, subsection (c) contains a provision requiring consecutive sentences, while subsection (j) does not. Subsection (c)'s mandate does not apply to crimes existing wholly outside of it in subsection (j). Additionally, Jackson argues, Congress did not intend to incorporate § 924(c) as a whole into § 924(j). She points out that the crimes outlined in subsection (c) defines more serious offenses than subsection (j), and therefore that one subsection having more harsh sentence requirements than another is plausible.[1]
^"Supreme Court Unanimously Sides With Criminal Defendants". Newsweek. June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
External linksedit
Text of Lora v. United States, 599U.S. ___ (2023) is available from:JustiaOyez (oral argument audio)Supreme Court (slip opinion)
October 28, 2023
lora, united, states, 2023, united, states, supreme, court, case, regarding, title, united, states, code, main, federal, criminal, code, united, states, court, held, that, provision, subsection, title, barring, concurrent, sentences, does, govern, sentences, p. Lora v United States 599 U S 2023 was a United States Supreme Court case regarding Title 18 of the United States Code the main federal criminal code of the United States The Court held that a provision of one subsection of Title 18 barring concurrent sentences does not govern sentences pursuant to a different part of the same section 1 2 Lora v United StatesSupreme Court of the United StatesArgued March 28 2023Decided June 16 2023Full case nameEfrain Lora v United StatesDocket no 22 49Citations599 U S more ArgumentOral argumentQuestions presentedWhether 18 U S C 924 c l D ii which provides that no term of imprisonment imposed under this subsection shall run concurrently with any other term of imprisonment is triggered when a defendant is convicted and sentenced under 18 U S C 924 j HoldingSection 924 c 1 D ii s bar on concurrent sentences does not govern a sentence for a 924 j conviction A 924 j sentence therefore can run either concurrently with or consecutively to another sentence Court membershipChief Justice John Roberts Associate Justices Clarence Thomas Samuel Alito Sonia Sotomayor Elena Kagan Neil Gorsuch Brett Kavanaugh Amy Coney Barrett Ketanji Brown JacksonCase opinionMajorityJackson joined by unanimousLaws applied18 U S C 924 Contents 1 Background 2 Supreme Court 3 References 4 External linksBackground editEfrain Lora was a drug trafficker in the Bronx In 2002 Lora and his associates including Oscar Palmer conspired to kill a rival trafficker who had threatened to kill Palmer Palmer along with a fellow associate were driven to the house of the rival trafficker and subsequently killed him Over ten years later federal prosecutors indicted Lora and his associates in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under 18 U S C 924 j for possessing or using a firearm during and in relation to and in furtherance of a conspiracy to distribute cocaine and us ing the firearm to cause the death of a person Additionally Lora was indicted under 18 U S C 841 b 1 A 846 and 848 e 1 A for conspiring to traffic drugs and for causing a homicide in furtherance of that conspiracy At trial Lora was found guilty on all counts However the judge vacated the 848 charge due to insufficient evidence proving the quantity of drugs At sentencing the judge insisted that 924 j requires that the sentences for the remaining charges be served consecutively The District Court ultimately sentenced Lora to 30 years of imprisonment 25 years on the drug distribution conspiracy count and consecutively five years on the 924 j count Lora also received five years of supervised release The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed which had established a precedent in its case law that 924 j incorporates the entirety of subsection 924 c including the bar on consecutive sentences at 924 c 1 D ii 1 Supreme Court editOn July 15 2022 Lora petitioned the Supreme Court to hear his case On December 9 2022 the Court granted certiorari Oral arguments were held on March 28 2023 On June 16 2023 the Supreme Court unanimously vacated the Second Circuit s judgment and remanded In an opinion authored by Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson the Court held that Section 924 c 1 D ii s bar on concurrent sentences does not govern a sentence for a 924 j conviction Lora s sentence could therefore run concurrently or consecutively with another sentence Sections 924 c and 924 j Jackson points out criminalize the use carrying and possession of firearms in connection with certain crimes Subsections c and j both describe different offenses and their corresponding penalties However subsection c contains a provision requiring consecutive sentences while subsection j does not Subsection c s mandate does not apply to crimes existing wholly outside of it in subsection j Additionally Jackson argues Congress did not intend to incorporate 924 c as a whole into 924 j She points out that the crimes outlined in subsection c defines more serious offenses than subsection j and therefore that one subsection having more harsh sentence requirements than another is plausible 1 References edit a b c 599 U S 2023 1 Supreme Court Unanimously Sides With Criminal Defendants Newsweek June 16 2023 Retrieved June 16 2023 External links editText of Lora v United States 599 U S 2023 is available from Justia Oyez oral argument audio Supreme Court slip opinion Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lora v United States amp oldid 1168535322, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
